causes of death in Canadaa congenital heart defect 2 Complications 3 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM in the body THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Works on a Closed Circulatory System Blood and lymph are the fluids that ID: 942179
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AjitKumar causes of death in Canadaa congenital heart defect 2 Complications 3 THE CIRCU
LATORY SYSTEM in the body THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Works on a Closed Circulatory System B
lood and lymph are the fluids that move through the system Human body functions on Cardi
ovascular System6 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM7 Pulmonary Circulation: oxygen depleted blood
Systemic Circulation: and depleted blood back to the heart Coronary Circulation: blood s
upply to the heart systemic circulation and oxygenated blood flows THE HEART 9 WHAT CAN
GO WRONG? WHAT CAN GO WRONG?Coronary Artery Disease failure of coronary circulation to
supply the heart most common form of heart disease many causes, including a myocardial
infarction 11 WHAT CAN GO WRONG? Stenosis or Leakage of Valves four valves: tricuspid,
pulmonary, mitral and narrowing due to valve backflow due to valve can cause heart fa
ilure, stroke, clots or sudden cardiac arrest 12 the wall of the aortathe final step of
blood can happen anywhere in 13 defects, 14 BLOOD BLOOD FUNCTIONS Supply oxygen and nu
trients to tissues Removal of waste Immune System: bodies Coagulation Messenger: transpo
rt hormones Regulate pH and body 16 BLOOD COMPONENTS 54.3% Plasma 45% Red blood cells (
erythrocytes) 0.7% White blood cells (thrombocytes)17 NEWTONIAN OR NOT? Newtonian Fluid:
stress-strain curve is linear and passes through origin Viscosity is independent of she
ar rate Blood Density = 1060 kg/m3 Water = 1000 kg/m3 18 �Shear Rate 100s-1 leve
l) FAHRAEUS-LINDQVIST EFFECT Below a critical blood vessel radius, blood viscosity beco
mes dependent on vessel radius Critical radius = 1 mm 20 Lower perfusion pressure BLOOD:
A VISCOELASTIC FLUID22 Region 1: red blood cells at rest stack Region 2: force that an
d adds elastic E to cell Region 3: sliding of CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS A HISTORY HISTORY
Concept of using the oxygenator has been around since the 17th Century by Robert Hooke
First mechanical takeover of both heart and lung th, 1951 First successful open heart su
rgery was carried th, 195324 lung machine in 1937 CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS USES USES Cardi
opulmonary Bypass Process is carried out using the Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine Biome
dical Device that is used to carry out open- heart bypass surgeries on patients Hundred
s of thousands of patients lives are 27 USES28 The machine is used for two reasons: Hear
t can be stopped for surgery Help a person with defects THE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE A cannu
la (tube) is placed in the right atrium, vena cava or femoral vein to withdraw blood fro
m body The blood is sent to cardiopulmonary bypass Cardiovascular perfusionist assembl
es the circuit as per the patients requirements and makes sure 31 Oxygenator performs th
e potassium solution to stop CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS 33 THE HEART-LUNG MACHINE THE HEART
LUNG MACHINE CBM, “The Pump” Six main parts Cannulae Reservoir Oxygenator Tem
perature Control Filter Roller/Centripetal Pump Connected by a series of silicone or PVC
35 Heparin-coated MEMBRANE OXYGENATORS37 Thin gas permeable membrane separates Blood
flow = 3-5 L/min Gas flow is 60% of Blood contacts direct oxygenation HEPARIN-COATED OX
YGENATOR38 Herparin is an anticoagulant Added to oxygenator polymer Avoid complications
oxygenator Reduces need for systemic massage the tubing, propels the blood through THE
HEART-LUNG MACHINE 40 VIDEO 42 COMPLICATIONS Capillary leak 44 THE FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
FOR THE FUTURE46Lifebridge B2T First portable heart-lung machine Been around since 2007
Weighs 17.5 kilograms Can be used by emergency room physicians and paramedics on the s
ite, for IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE FUTURE47MiniHLM Miniaturized heart- lung machine for inf
ants Functions of the integrated, to make the machine small THANK YOU48 QUESTIONS?49 RE
FERENCES Wikipedia. “Cardiopulmonary Bypass." Accessed November, 2010. URL: http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_bypass change the hhttp://www.cincinnatichildrens.
org/health/heart- encyclopedia/treat/surg/bypass.htm By About.comInventors. "John Heysha
mhttp://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blheartlungmachine.htm A review of Enginee
ring in Everyday Life. " http://illumin.usc.edu/article.php?articleID=199&page=4 e/focus
2/heart-circulation.html QLcMWJtE/b.3483991/ s.htm � http://www.linux-host.org/e
nergy/spump.htm � http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fåhræus–Lindqvist_effect