V Nair Assistant Professor Dept of Materia M edica INTRODUCTION English word constitution comes from L atin word constituere which means constitutes to establish to form or make up to appoint to give or bring to ID: 1006770
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1. CONSTITUTIONDr Aathira V NairAssistant Professor Dept. of Materia Medica
2. INTRODUCTIONEnglish word constitution comes from Latin word “constituere” which means constitutes: to establish, to form or make up, to appoint, to give, or bring to.Hippocrates was the first person to write about the constitutional nature of human organism.
3. Dr Hahnemann gives a fair idea on the importance of constitution on Aphorism 5 of Organon of Medicine, wherehe states “useful to the physician in assisting him to cure are the particulars of the most probable exciting cause of the acute disease, as also most significant points in the whole history of the
4. Chronic disease, to enable him to discover its fundamental cause, which is generally due to chronic miasm, the ascertainable physical constitution of the patient and intellectual character, his occupation etc taken into consideration”
5. CONSTITUTION:The genotypic inheritance of an individual, the physical make up of his body, including its functional ability, metabolic activity, reaction to stimuli and resistance to infection.
6. According to Stuart Close:- That aggregate of hereditary characters, influenced more or less by the environment which determines the individuals reaction, successful or unsuccessful to the stress of environment.According to J T Kent:- Physical constitutional is the external disorder following disorder in the man, the vital force.
7. According to Dr Small:Constitution is the codification or influences that any class, organs or humours may exert when it predominates in the system.According to Dr N C Bose:Physical constitution is the soil on which grow the idiosyncrasies(individual hypersensitiveness), diathesis(disease), susceptibilities(persons feeling), dyscracias(disorder of blood)etc.
8. CONSTITUTION IN HISTORYAristotle was the first person to group individuals under different headings. Hippocrates said that every individual has his own nature and it is very difficult to change this nature. According to Hippocrates, the organism becomes sick in the initial stages, the localisation of the symptoms occurs only in the later stages of the disease process. This concept is more similar to the concept of disease in Homoeopathy.
9. CLASSIFICATIONChinese concept: Yin; YangAyurvedic concept: Vatha, Pitha, KaphaHippocratic concept: Short, thick, long
10. Bazin concept: Scrofulous, gouty, syphiliticErnst Kretschner concept: Asthenic, athletic, pyknic, dysplastic
11. Leo Vannier’s and Zissus concept: Carbonic constitution; phosphoric constitution, fluoric constitutionCarbonic constitution: - correspond to vitality - orginates from psora - affect the epithelium
12. Phosphoric constitution: - correspond to lack of vitality - originates from tubercular miasm - affect serous membraneFluoric constitution: - instability - orginates from syphilitic miasm - affects the elastic tissues
13. Grauvogl’s classification of constitution:TYPES:Carbo nitrogenoidOxygenoidHydrogenoid
14. CARBO NITROGENOID: Result of insufficiency or inadequacy of oxygenation. It is characterised by an excess of carbon and nitrogen, insufficient oxygenation, causes deficiency disorders and perverted malnutrition.
15. Symptoms:Breathlessness, fast pulse, constipation or diarrhoea, flatulency, urinary troubles, swelling of joints, gout, irritable and impatient, skin looks dirty and unhealthy, vertigo, ataxia(loss of control of body movements), somnolence(state of drowsiness), hypochondriacs(persons who are abnormally anxious about their health)Remedies:Rhustox, Hepar sulph, Phosphorous, Lycopodium
16. OXYGENOID CONSTITUTION: Characterised by an excess of oxygen or exaggerated influence of oxygen on the organism. Excessive oxygen in the system results into the breakage of hydrocarbons and nitrogen. This leads to destruction of tissues and bones.
17. Symptoms: Nervous individuals with great physical and mental activity; feels better in rains or cold weather; appetite vigorous(strong); plethora(great quantity of blood); excessively thin patient; cachexia(weakness due to disease); complaints increase at sea shore; excessive elimination of urea and phosphates.Remedies: Kali iod; Kreosotum; Mercury; Petroleum
18. HYDROGENOID CONSTITUTION:Excessive hydrogen is characterised in this constitution. This leads to water retention in blood and tissues. Sycosis of Hahnemann resembles the hydrogenoid constitution but not all the sycotic remedies are hydrogenoid type.
19. Symptoms: Aggravated by bathing; aggravated by eating sea food or aquatic animals like fish, prawn etc; vegetables which grow near the water or which have the high content of water aggravates the patient.Remedies: Natrum sulph; Thuja; Pulsatilla
20. CONSTITUTIONAL DIAGNOSIS: This method is useful in understanding the peculiarity of a person in his healthy state as well as diseased state. This also helps in the individualisation of a person. Constitutional diagnosis is done under 3 headings: - Basic constitution - Developmental constitution - Environmental constitution
21. CONSTITUTIONAL MEDICINE: This method of therapeutics is unique to Homoeopathy. It is believed that the constitutional medicine can correct the inherent and acquired defects in the personality. Well selected, deep acting homoeopathic remedy is equal to the constitutional remedy.Example:Nux vomica is well adapted to the angry, irritable, dark, thin, dry, bilious, phlegmatic temperament.
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