Presentation by Kristina Haugh Important terms to know Disability a condition such as an illness or an injury that damages or limits a persons physical or mental abilities Ableism discrimination ID: 280201
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Disabilities and the experience of ableism
Presentation by Kristina HaughSlide2
Important terms to know
Disability-
a condition (such as an illness or an injury) that damages or limits a person's physical or mental abilities
Ableism- discrimination or prejudice against individuals with disabilities by favoring or giving preferential treatment
http://
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionarySlide3
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorders,
Blindness
or Low Vision, Brain InjuriesDeaf/Hard-of-Hearing
Learning Disabilities
Medical DisabilitiesPhysical DisabilitiesPsychiatric DisabilitiesSpeech and Language Disabilities
Types of DisabilitiesSlide4
Types of disabilities
Students
served by CSD by disability as of the Spring 2013Slide5
Disabilities can effect many aspects of peoples lives
Hearing
Vision
MovementThinkingRememberingLearningCommunicating
Mental health
Social relationshipshttp://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/types.htmlSlide6
Important historical events
1848-The Perkins Institution, Boston, Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation.
1883- Eugenics laws were passed to prevent people with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children. This led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of disabled adults and children.
1912-
The Threat of the Feeble Minded
created a climate of hysteria allowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, including institutionalization and forced sterilization.1918- The Smith-Sears Veterans Rehabilitation Act provided for the promotion of vocational rehabilitation and return to civil employment of disabled persons discharged from U.S. military.1924- The Commonwealth of Virginia passed a state law that allowed for sterilization (without consent) of individuals found to be “feebleminded, insane, depressed, mentally handicapped, epileptic and other.” Alcoholics, criminals and drug addicts were also sterilized
. 1935- The League for the Physically Handicapped in New York City was formed to protest discrimination by the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
1935- The Social Security Act was passed. This established federally funded old-age benefits and funds to states for assistance to blind individuals and disabled children. The Act extended existing vocational rehabilitation programs.
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1939-. Hitler ordered widespread mercy killing of the sick and disabled. The Nazi euthanasia program (code name
Aktion
T-4) was instituted to eliminate “life unworthy of life.”
1940-The National Federation of the Blind was formed in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 1940- The American Federation of the Physically Handicapped was founded
1946-The Hill-Burton Act authorized federal grants to states for the construction of hospitals, public health centers and health facilities for rehabilitation of people with disabilities.
1946- The National Mental Health Foundation was founded. The Foundation exposed the abusive conditions at intuitions. 1950’S- 1960’S Social Security Amendments of 1956 created the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program for disabled workers aged 50 to 64. Benefits were eventually extended to dependents of disabled workers. Finally age restriction was eventually taken off SSDI.
1963-President Kennedy called for a reduction “over a number of years and by hundreds of thousands, (in the number) of persons confined” to institutions. Slide8
1970’s- Sterilization in the US ended
1973- The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was passed. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs and services and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.
1975- The Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) required free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive setting. This Act was later renamed The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
1975-U.S. Supreme Court ruled in O’Connor v. Donaldson that people cannot be institutionalized in a psychiatric hospital against their will unless they are determined to be a threat to themselves or to others
1990-The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed by George W. Bush. The Act provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities. Closely modeled after the Civil Rights Act and Section 504, the law was the most influential disability rights legislation in history.
(Adapted from http://isc.temple.edu/neighbor/ds/disabilityrightstimeline.htm
) Slide9
Sterilization- The physical act which renders the person incapable of reproduction.
The convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities determined that it is the right of people with disabilities to found and maintain a family and to retain their fertility on an equal basis with others (
www.hrw.org
)Eugenics- The process of “selective breeding” to create the most desirable offspring By sterilization of the disabled population, the undesirable offspring would be eliminatedDisabled were often institutionalized to prevent the spread of the undesirable offspring
HISTORY of populationSlide10
Hitler and sterilization…
He also sent many more to the gas chambers
• Hereditary feeble-mindedness: 200,000
• Schizophrenia: 80,000• Epilepsy: 60,000• Manic-depressive psychosis: 20,000• Serious physical deformities: 20,000
• Hereditary deafness: 16,000
• Hereditary alcoholism: 10,000• Hereditary blindness: 4,000• Huntington's chorea: 600• TOTAL: 410,600Slide11
The Threat of the Feeble Minded
The
Kallikak Family Published in1912 written by psychologist Henry Herbert Goddard, director of the psychological laboratory at the Vineland Training School for Feebleminded Children in Vineland, New
Jersey
This book chronicled the lives of society’s “least capable families”Generations of illiterate, poor, and purportedly immoral Kallikak family
members, who were chronically unemployed, supposedly feebleminded, criminal, and, in general, perceived as threats to ‘‘racial hygiene.’
Scared general population into accepting the mistreatment of the disabled Slide12
INSTITUIONS FOR THE DISABLIED
The national peak of institutions for people with disabilities was in 1967 when 194,650 were housed in large state institutions and an additional 33,850 were housed in state psychiatric facilities
Many times treatment included trying to “cure” the disability through unethical treatments i.e. Lobotomies, electroshock therapy, antidepressants, and tranquilizers.
In 1971 in a response to terrible living conditions for these patients, the US government required that in order to get federal funding for their programs they must comply with the minimum safety, staffing levels, appropriate active treatment, and qualified professional staff.
Today more than 33,900 remain institutionalizedSlide13Slide14
Massachusetts was home to many state institutions
Horrific treatment methods were used for these clients.
“If you don’t behave yourself you get the scalding hot water
“They were strict at Fairview. You got beat up, yelled at. They put us in closetsThese truths founded the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) which upheld a persons right to receive services in the least restrictive environment possibleSlide15
US CENSUS REPORTS
9.9% OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION ARE LIVING WITH A DISABILTY IN THE US (19.5 MILLION PEOPLE)
ABOUT 34.7 % OF PEOPLE WITH A DISABILTY ARE EMPLOYED COMPARED TO 71.9% OF PEOPLE WITHOUT
IN MASSACHUSETTS 394,320 PEOPLE REPORT HAVING A DISABILTYAMERICANNS WITH DISABILITIES HAVE HIGH POVERTY RATES DUE TO UNEMPLOYENT AND LOWER PAYING JOBSAMERICANS WITH DISABILTIES ACT (1990) HAS ATTEMPTED TO REDUCE JOB DISCRIMINATION AND REQUIRING RESONABLE ACCOMINDATIONS Slide16
VALUES AND NORMS
Do not appreciate demoralizing words such as “
retarted
” or “crippleEnjoy recreational, social, and academic experiences just like everyone elseMust work harder to do everyday things
Experience oppression and discrimination just like other groups
Most underestimate the value of life of people with severe disabilities
Still enjoy sexual experiences and consider having familiesSpiritual and Religious beliefs help to stay positive Show more resilience and adaptation than nondisabled
The person right next to you may have a disability and you don’t even know it…don’t assume its always a physical disabilitySlide17
Do’s and don’ts
Speak directly to your client, not their family member or interpreter
DO NOT USE THE DISABILITY TO DESCRIBE THE PERSON, example refer to them as a person with a disability not a disabled person
Do not pitty them, let them get away with things others couldn’t Do not overemphasize their good work, maintain high expectations
Get to know their personality and skills and not just focus on their disability
Empower client to help them learn necessary life and vocation skills to live a meaningful lifeHelp develop-self advocacy skillsDon’t generalizeAccommodationsSlide18
The four forces
Psychodynamic- long term, less structured, client sets agenda, must have good therapeutic relationship, discusses past events
Cognitive behavioral- brief/time limited, homework is often assigned, goals are set and therapist sets agenda, focuses only on the here and now, relationship not important
Existential/Humanistic-person centered, self-awareness, focuses on growth and development
Multicultural-approaches counseling from the personal culture of the client and life experiencesSlide19
Counseling implications
Identify how the disability is viewed by client and family
Help client utilize technology to make their life easier if desired- do not assume they want life to be easier
Watch out for signs of suicide and depression and take seriouslyDon’t treat them different or ill”
Do not pretended to understand if you don’t
Address all questions from client seriously such as sexual questionsBe open and honest, with a counseling relationship based on trustAsk about religious beliefsBe informed about all federal and state laws regarding disabilities in order to advocate for your clients
Provide auxiliary aides such as braille, audio tapes, or handicap ramps to make services accessible to everyoneSlide20
Client voice- Interview
Interview with Amanda- diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder and Anxiety
ADHD- Typically has an onset before age 7, includes failure to give close attention to details, difficulty sustaining attention, poor follow through on instructions, failure to finish or turn in work, misplacement of things, distraction, and forgetfulness.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder- Characterized by feelings of worry or anxiety about the persons life and is reflected by physical symptoms such as shortness of breath and uncontrollable muscle tension for longer than 6 months, and significantly impact the persons functioning