Overview Environmental factors The CRPD Inclusive local development The system of services Accessibility Environment module summary field study 1 Environmental factors a reminder about the DCP ID: 556971
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Slide1
Knowing and adapting to your environmentSlide2
Overview
Environmental factors
The CRPD
Inclusive local development
The system of services
Accessibility
Environment module summary: field studySlide3
1.
Environmental factors:
a reminder about the DCPSlide4
Social Model – DCP
(The Disability Creation Process)
Human development model and disability creation process (HDM-DCP 2)
(
Fougeyrollas
, 2010)Slide5
Environmental factors
An environmental factor has a
social
or
physical dimension which determines the organisation and context of a society
Measurement scale:
The quality of an environmental factor can be measured on a scale from optimal
facilitator
to major
obstacle
Slide6
Social factors
:
Political and economic factors
Social and cultural factors
Physical factors:
Natural environment
Built environment
Technology
Environmental factorsSlide7
ACTIVITY
Identify the different types of factors in
Adarshini’s
situationSlide8
Environmental factors
Facilitator:
A facilitator is an environmental factor which contributes to the achievement of life habits when it interacts with personal factors (a person’s impairments, disabilities and other characteristics)
Obstacle:
An obstacle (barrier) is an environmental factor which prevents life habits from being achieved when it interacts with personal factorsSlide9
ACTIVITY
Identify the facilitators and obstacles in
Adarshini’s
environmentSlide10
2
. The CRPDSlide11
The CRPD: the international convention on the rights of persons with disabilities
International Convention by the UN
Major milestone to promote equal human rights for persons with disabilities.
Contains
50 articles
on different rights and how to monitor implementation
Resistance in past to create it, due to thought that disability rights are included in general ‘UN declaration of human rights’.
Advocates felt disability convention needed to ensure governments meet the needs of all citizens and don’t forget about disability.Slide12
How the UNCRPD works
Each country decides to
sign it
or not (1st step, recognizes it exists)
Each country decides to
ratify it
or not (important step = gives legal strength)
If ratified, then the country has to make a long-term plan to implement it with its ministries and civil society
May 2008 UNCRPD ‘came into force’ – when 20 countries ratified it.Slide13
8 guiding principles
of the CRPD
Respect for inherent
dignity
, i
ndividual
autonomy
including
the freedom to make one's own choices, and independence of persons
Non-discriminationFull and effective participation and inclusion in society
Respect for difference
and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of
human diversity
and humanity
Equality of opportunity
Accessibility
Equality between men and women
Respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities
and respect for the right of children with disabilities to preserve their identitiesSlide14
Implementation of the CRPD in my country?
EXERCICESlide15
3
. Inclusive Local
DevelopmentSlide16
Local Inclusive Development
Local Inclusive
Development
(LID)
projects
aim for greater
participation
of people
with disabilities in a given area
.LID initiatives promote an overall approach to the rights and requirements of people
with disabilities
and encourage the inclusion
of a
disability component in existing policies
, projects
, services and initiatives.Slide17
Stakes of LID
Promote
citizen
participation (
individual
or collective) of vulnerable groups,
including
persons
with disabilities, so
that
:
Their
voices
are
heard
and
taken
into
account
They
can
take
part in
decision-making
Encourage a local and
crosscutting
approach
,
where
disability
issues can be integrated into
different development structures
and
processes.
Raise
awareness
and
sensitize
all local
actors
for
disability
to
be
taken
into
account
in
policies
, and train
them
for a real change of practices.
Support effective consultation
enabling
participation of all in
decision-making
on
development
priorities
.Slide18
Stakes of LID
Support local
actors
in
identifying
and
prioritizing local needs
.
Promote
accountability of
local government and of stakeholders in local development.Support capacity
building of
persons
with
disabilities
and/or
their
representatives
.
Initiate
a participative and constructive
work
between
local
authorities
and
vulnerable
groups’
representatives
.Slide19
Social Work and LID
Social
work
interventions
promote
and
enable
principles
of LID
through
:Their understanding of needs
and
wishes
of the
person
, for
their
empowerment
and social inclusion in a
given
territory
;
Mediation
between
local services and
vulnerable
populations;
The
analysis
of
individual
/collective
needs
and the system of services
answering
or not
these
needs
.
Social
workers
are
therefore
key
actors
in local inclusive
development
.Slide20
4
. The system of servicesSlide21
System of services
There are a range of services in each of our communities.
Some are formal
: hospital/health services, schools, post office, grocery stores,
Some are informal
: support group of mothers, non-formal education places
Disability and vulnerability often make access to services difficult.Slide22
The range of services
Accessibility, transport
Early detection
Daycare
Education
Healthcare
Rehabilitation
Vocational training
Mediation & access to employment
Housing
Legal services
Advice/
information
Leisure, culture and sport
PERSONSlide23
EXERCISE
The triangle of stakeholders:
The person: auto-system
A
B
CSlide24
The triangle of stakeholders:
The person: auto-system
A
=
institutional stakeholders
B
= service providers
C
= users
The triangle of stakeholders
Micro-system
Meso-system
Macro-systemSlide25
The triangle of stakeholders
Each of these stakeholders has a responsibility to assume in the service system:
The authorities are responsible for implementing national frameworks for service quality and accessibility, ensuring their compliance, and training professionals
Service providers are responsible for upwardly communicating service requirements and defining quality standards
Users are responsible for identifying and upwardly communicating their requirements and helping to improve professional practices
KEY WORDS: consultation/coordination and complementaritySlide26
EXERCISE
The four rooms in the house
A
= Dining room
B = Bedroom
C = Bathroom
D = Roof/attic
The 4 types of service or society
Specific services
Support services
Inclusive society
Mainstream services
HOUSE OF SERVICESSlide27
Different types of services
Mainstream services:
The regular services available in a community (education, health, housing, sports, transportation, information)
Support services:
A service that
SUPPORTS
a person to be able to participate in
mainstream activities/services
Special services:
A service that specifically
meets the unique needs
of a person with a disability (rehabilitation centre, special housing, sheltered employment, early detection/intervention).Slide28
MAINSTREAM SERVICES
Housing
Education
Health
Job placement
Social Protection
+ BASICS SERVICES
Water
Sanitation
Security/protection
SUPPORTS SERVICES
Assistive Technology
Personal Assistant/Support person
Sign language Interpreter
Adapted transports
School support assistant
SPECIFIC SERVICES
Special Schools
Shelter workshops
Specialized vocational training center
Day care center for children
Individual assessment
An inclusive system of services
Most important are that links are made between these services
Remember: often services are informal in your community, still they count!Slide29
Access to services and inclusive approach
«As many mainstream inclusive services as possible, and specialized services as necessary.»
Important to
promote
mainstream
inclusive services and
think
of
specific
and support services to
ease
access
to
these
mainstream
services. Slide30
5
.
AccessibilitySlide31
Accessibility
An accessible environment is one which allows freedom and safety of movement and
use
, without conditions relating to age, sex or impairment, an obstacle-free space or a product that can be used by everyone with dignity and with as much independence as possible.
It is based on the concept of equality with others.
It helps ensure the principle of
non-discrimination
Articles 3 (general principles), 9 and 21 (accessibility) of the CRPD.Slide32
Accessibility
When we refer to accessibility, we mean:
- Physical accessibility of the environment
- Accessibility of the means of transport
- Accessibility of the means of information and communication
Based on the A.E.C.U principle (achieve/enter/circulate/use)Slide33
EXERCISE
Detect obstacles and principal risksSlide34
1. WALKING ALONG
Surface needs to be re-laid
Provide a non-slip surface
Move the signs
Consider a pedestrian crossing
Uneven surface, street furniture, slippery when wet.
Signs obstruct the pavement.
Badly parked car.
Traffic disruption.
Trip hazard, risk of falling.Slide35
2. ENTERING
@ Claire Perrin-HoudonSlide36
2. ENTERINGSlide37
3. CIRCULATING
@ Claire Perrin-HoudonSlide38
3. CIRCULATING
@ Claire Perrin-HoudonSlide39
3. CIRCULATING
@ Claire Perrin-Houdon
AFTERSlide40
4. TRANSPORT
Fit the bus with a platform lift or a removable ramp
Re-lay the platform and raise it
Impossible to get on the bus, despite the sign indicating accessibilitySlide41
5. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
Medicine price list: too busy, font too small.
The sign is badly placed
.
Re-design the sign and place it near the access rampSlide42
6. AT HOMESlide43
Reasonable accommodation
Article 2 of the CRPD.
N
ecessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden
.
[The enjoyment or exercise] on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Effectiveness, autonomy, safety.
Refusal to do this is a form of indirect discrimination.Slide44
Some obstacles, problems and solutions according to the type of impairment
Type of impairment
Examples of difficulties faced
Accessibility required
Possible actions
- Visual :
Person with
Visual
impairments
,
blind
person
- Seeing and understanding
large shapes
- Reading small writing or complicated texts
- Spatial awareness and orientation
- Moving about safely
(obstacles, other users of two or four-wheeled vehicles)
- Improvement of visual perception
-
Mobilisation
of the other senses
- Installation of
tactile
strips on the ground as a guide and warning device,
- Adapted
signposting
(audible, tactile)
- Obstacle-free routes
- Availability of audio or Braille formats
- Auditory
:
Person with hearing
impairments,
Deaf
person
- Hearing audio information
- Lip reading in
badly lit
areas
-Transfer of information from audio to visual formats
- Adapted signposting
(visual, illuminated),
- Quality of lighting and acoustics
- Provide written informationSlide45
- Physical
:
Person with difficulties
in mobility,
p
erson
using walking
aids and wheelchairs
- Moving
around on loose,
slippery
or uneven ground
- Passing obstacles or
differences in level (steps, slopes)
- Passing narrow passages
- Reaching certain heights
- Grasping, using objects
- Seeing at certain heights
- Covering long distances with no rest
- Removal
of all obstacles
for outdoor
(roads
and pavements) and
indoor
(entrance, exit,
mobility inside buildings,
facilities) routes and
create the best possible
conditions for using
walking aids
- Different
types of surfaces, access ramps and stairs,
obstacle-free routes,
adaptation of facilities and commands
- Mental
/
intellectual
- Learning
difficulties and problems with orientation
- Understanding signs
-
Memorising
an itinerary
- Spatial awareness
- Any
modifications or
adaptations which
improve understanding
-Signposting
using
images
- Simple plans
- Simples commands
- Clearly
visible entrances to buildingsSlide46
Points to consider!
It is CHEAPER to factor in accessibility when building something from scratch than it is to adapt an existing building.
Reasonable accommodation is not necessarily expensive: a little common sense, logic and a bit of DIY can sometimes be enough!
So, and particularly at a person’s home, think first and foremost about how the person wants to use the space or product and suggest some adjustments.
The person is always the expert with regard to their situation! Talk to the person, try out solutions together and select the most suitable (in terms of use, cost and sustainability).Slide47
6
.
SummarySlide48
Summary Activity
Field study – Identifying stakeholders and level of accessibilitySlide49
Summary
What are the key points of this module?
-
-
-
What aspect of your practice would you like to develop in more depth?
-
-
-Slide50
KEY MESSAGES
The carer must take account of existing systems and stakeholders in the environment of the person receiving support so as to adapt their support programme.
The CRPD is an international convention which aims to guide countries with the application of the rights of people with disabilities based on human rights.
An INCLUSIVE service system must include mainstream services, specialized services AND support services.
Together with the person receiving support, the social worker must be able to identify the obstacles and facilitators present in the environment in order to alleviate the former with the support of the latter.
The carer is not an accessibility engineer but must be able to suggest reasonable adjustments that will allow the number of disabling situations for the person to be reduced.