There are two types of participles present participle and past participle The present participle is indicated by ing attached to a verb ing form and the past participle is generally indicated by ID: 618373
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Slide1
Participle and Participial Phrases
There
are two types of participles: present participle and past participle.
The
present participle is indicated by “
ing
” attached to a verb (“
ing
” form), and the past participle is generally indicated by “
ed
” attached to a verb (except for irregular verbs that have special form of past participle
).
These participial forms can function as adjectives (called verbal adjectives), such as: hard
working
farmer,
increasing
price,
cultivated
land,
broken
tree, etc.
Like
adjectives, they qualify nouns or pronouns, and like verbs, they may take objects and may be described by adverbial qualifiers.
Therefore, a participle with qualifiers or objects is called
participial phases
.
However
, participles are commonly used as qualifiers of the nouns that follow them. In the following examples, observe several positions of the participles and participial phases, and the nouns and pronouns they qualify.Slide2
Present and past participles
The following are some examples of sentences employing present and past participles.
Increasing
price of fertilizers and pesticides will impose high production cost on agricultural products
.
(“
increasing” is a present participle qualifying the noun “price of fertilizers and pesticides”).
The
government introduces the biological control as a part of
integrated
pest management program.
(“
integrated” is a past participle qualifying the noun “pest management program”).
Babies crying in the night bother me
(“crying” is a present participle qualifying the noun baby)
These
squandered
opportunities will not come again soon
(“squandered” is a past participle qualifying the noun “opportunities”) Slide3
A participial phrase
consists of the participle, its modifiers, and other words needed to complete the idea begun by the participle. This type of phrase generally follows immediately after or right before the noun it
describes.
Leaving the press conference
, the politician felt confident about her answers.
A memo
sent to all the employees
was well received.
The teacher's best lesson
delivered to his eighth graders
dealt with literary allusions.
My dad's present,
bought by his sisters
, was a gold watch.
Acclaimed by many critics as the year's best movie
,
The Sound of Music
won many awards.
The Sound of Music
,
acclaimed by many critics as the year's best movie
, won many awards.Slide4
Don't mistake a present participle phrase for a gerund phrase
Gerund
and present participle phrases are easy to confuse because they both begin with an
ing
word. The difference is the function that they provide in the sentence. A gerund phrase will always behave as a noun while a present participle phrase will act as an
adjective.
Example:
Walking on the beach
, Delores dodged jellyfish that had washed ashore
.
Walking on the beach
is painful if jellyfish have washed ashore.Slide5
Waking to the buzz of the alarm clock, Freddie cursed the arrival of another
Monday.
Freddie
hates
waking to the buzz of the alarm
clock
After a long day at school and work,
LaShae
found her roommate Ben
eating the last of the leftover
pizza
Ben's rudest habit is
eating the last of the leftover pizza
.Slide6
Activity- Participial Phrase or Not?
Indicate whether the underlined group of words in each sentence is a participial phrase by writing PART on the line before the sentence. If it is not, write NO on the line.
____ The tourists
were waiting
for the leader's directions.
____
Startled by the loud noise
, the parakeet excitedly flew around the cage.
____ The birds
soaring above us
were enjoying themselves.
____
Leaving her child at nursery school on the first day of class
was not easy for Mrs. Plunkett.
____ It was difficult for Perkins
to remember his neighbor's telephone number
.
____ The director
speaking to the cast members
is Mr. Flores.
____
Burning leaves in one's backyard
is illegal in our village.
____ The screens
placed into their windows by Patsy
had been repaired by Doug Hayes.
____
Reading three newspapers a day
, Christine enjoyed herself on Cape Cod that week.
____
Frolicking with the dogs
was fun for Luke's cat.Slide7
Assignment 1Make your own sentences employing present participle, past participle, and participial phrases (5 each).