Dr Shathaly Mustafa Majed MSc Human MorphologyAnatomy U of K MSc molecular medicine U of K MD Surgery SSMB MSc Medical Education Diploma in research methodology and biostatistics ID: 910994
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Anomalies of the Head and Neck
Dr. Shathaly Mustafa Majed.MSc. Human Morphology(Anatomy). U of KMSc molecular medicine U of KMD Surgery . SSMBMSc Medical EducationDiploma in research methodology and biostatistics. UMST
Slide2Pharyngeal Region
Ectopic Thymic and Parathyroid Tissue.Branchial Fistulas.
Slide3Ectopic
Thymic and Parathyroid Tissueglandular tissue derived from the pouches undergoes migration.Thymic tissues may remain in the neck.Parathyroid glands may descend to the thorax especially the inferior parathyroid gland.
Slide4Branchial Fistulas
occur when the second pharyngeal arch fails to grow caudally over the third and fourth arches, leaving remnants of the second, third, and fourth clefts in contact with the surface by a narrow canal.Such a fistula, found on the lateral aspect of the neck directly anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Slide5Slide6Neural Crest Cells and Craniofacial Defects
Neural crest cells are important in :Formation of much of the craniofacial region.Conotruncal endocardial cushions, which separate the outflow tract of the heart into pulmonary and aortic channels.
Slide7DiGeorge anomaly
CATCH22 : Cardiac defects.Abnormal facies.Thymic hypoplasia.Cleft palate.Hypocalcemia.deletion on the long arm of chromosome 22.
Slide8Origin of the defects is caused by abnormal development of neural crest cells that contribute to formation of all of the affected structures.
Slide9Tongue
Ankyloglossia.Macroglossia.Microglossia.
Slide10Ankyloglossia
the frenulum is short and extends to the tip of the tongue.This interferes with its free protrusion and may make breast-feeding difficult.
Slide11Slide12Macroglossia
An excessively large tongue is not common. It results from generalized hypertrophy of the developing tongue
Slide13Microglossia
An abnormally small tongue is extremely rare.usually associated with micrognathia (underdeveloped mandible and recession of the chin).
Slide14Bifid or Cleft Tongue (Glossoschisis
)incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings results in a deep midline groove in the tongue.
Slide15Thyroid Gland
Thyroglossal cyst.Thyroglossal fistula.Ectopic thyroid.
Slide16Thyroglossal cyst
it is a cystic remnant of the thyroglossal duct.always near or in the midline of the neck.
Slide17Thyroglossal fistula
Sometimes a thyroglossal cyst is connected to the outside by a fistulous canal.
Slide18Slide19Ectopic thyroid tissue
may be found anywhere along the path of descent of the thyroid gland.commonly found in the base of the tongue lingual thyroid.
Slide20Facial Clefts
Cleft lip and cleft palate are common defects that result in abnormal facial appearance and defective speech.The incisive foramen is considered the dividing landmark between the anterior and posterior cleft deformities.anterior to the incisive foramen include lateral cleft lip, cleft upper jaw, and cleft between the primary and secondary palates
Slide21due to a partial or complete lack of fusion of the maxillary prominence with the medial nasal prominence on one or both sides.
Slide22posterior to the incisive foramen include
cleft (secondary) palate and cleft uvula.Cleft palate results from a lack of fusion of the palatine shelves
Slide23Oblique facial clefts are produced by failure of the maxillary prominence
to merge with its corresponding lateral nasal prominence
Slide24Slide25Median cleft lip, a rare abnormality, is caused by incomplete merging
of the two medial nasal prominences in the midline.
Slide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Tooth Abnormalities
Natal Teeth have erupted by the time of birth. Usually they involve the mandibular incisors, which may be abnormally formed.Teeth may be abnormal in number, shape, and size. They may be discolored by foreign substances, such as tetracyclines, or be deficient in enamel, a condition often caused by vitamin D deficiency (rickets).