Beta Cells in the Pancreas Insulin is synthesized in beta cells Insulin helps to regulate metabolism of carbohydrates and fats Insulin is secreted by the pancreas Without insulin to facilitate absorption of glucose the levels become too high ID: 929001
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Slide1
Insulin Lecture
Unit 1 Lesson 6 Activity 3- Insulin and the Human Body
Slide2Beta Cells in the Pancreas
Insulin is synthesized in beta cells
Insulin helps to regulate metabolism of carbohydrates and fats
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas
Without insulin to facilitate absorption of glucose the levels become too high
Slide3Figure 5 Diagram of the Insulin and Glucose Regulation Model
An increase of glucose depolarizes the membrane surrounding the beta cells.
Calcium from outside of the beta cell rushes into the beta cell.
This increase of calcium facilitates the release of stored insulin.
Once the glucose levels drop, insulin release slows down or stops.
bio.davidson.edu
Slide4Cells and Glucose
Without insulin, cells cannot bind with glucose and use this energy source for needed survival. These cells would have to find alternative energy sources like fatty acids.
Slide5Figure 6 Insulin Receptor
http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu
Slide6Insulin Receptor
The insulin receptor has two alpha subunits
in yellow and two beta subunits as shown in
blue. The red lines are the sulfur bonds and
form a disulfide bond between the two
complexes.
Slide7Carbohydrates and Lipids-Metabolism
Glucose is regulated by insulin
Glucose is extracted during digestion
With an increase in glucose the pancreas secretes insulin
The liver maintains constant levels of glucose within the boy
Slide8Lipoproteins
Used in other tissues like adipose
Makes triglycerides
Insulin inhibits the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue
Insulin responsible for accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue
Slide9Metabolic Reactions and Insulin
Insulin stimulates
Glucose transport
Amino acid transport
Glycogen synthase activity
Increases rate of general protein synthesis
Decreases lipolysis and protein degradation
Slide10Insulin and the Effect on the Human Body
Insulin regulates many cellular processes
Including:
DNA synthesis,
RNA synthesis,
Cell growth,
Protein and fat synthesis. Insulin is mainly concerned with the regulation of glucose uptake in the “clinical manifestation of diabetes.”
Slide11Diabetes
Diabetes can affect all ethnic groups.
Idiopathic diabetes type I- is an insulin dependent condition that manifests usually in childhood. The beta cells are destroyed by an autoimmune response.
Idiopathic diabetes Type II- Non-insulin dependent and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia (excess glucose in the bloodstream). Many causes can be attributed, but obesity seems to be a common factor. Type II can often be controlled through a low carbohydrate diet.
Secondary diabetes- has many causes including:
Gestational diabetes that develops during pregnancy.
Maturity onset diabetes that happens before age 25 causes include:Pancreatic disease, endocrine disease, drug-induced, mutations in genes or receptors
Slide12References
www.arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu
www.bio.Davidson.edu