rapid progressive amp highly fatal viral disease of CNS caused by Lyssavirus type 1 Zoonotic disease of warm blooded animals dogs cats bats racoons skunks foxes Transmitted to man by bite of rabid animal ID: 1012744
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1. RABIES
2. EpidemiologyAcute rapid progressive & highly fatal viral disease of CNS caused by Lyssavirus type 1. Zoonotic disease of warm blooded animals (dogs, cats , bats, racoons, skunks, foxes ) Transmitted to man by bite of rabid animal. Non-bite exposures : aerosols; generated in labs , caves with bats , corneal transplantation. Human to human transmission extremely rare. Worldwide endemic canine rabies : 55,000 deaths annually ( India alone 20,000 ) Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux first developed rabies vaccine in 1885.
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4. TreatmentNo established treatment. Isolation in quiet room ( as bright light , noise , cold draughts precipitates spasms / convulsions)Sedatives to relieve anxiety.Hydration.Intensive respiratory & cardiac support
5. PreventionHealth personnel should wear face masks, gloves, goggles, & aprons (saliva, vomits, tears, urine or other body fluids of rabies patient contain virus ) Persons having bruises , cut or open wounds not entrusted to look after patient. Pre-exposure prophylaxis. Post exposure prophylaxis.
6. Post Exposure ProphylaxisLocal wound care ( all bite wounds/scratches washed with soap and water ) reduces chances up to 80%. Devitalised tissues debrided. Tetanus prophylaxis given. Suturing delayed( if necessary done after 24-48 hours later ) Antibiotic treatment whenever indicated. Active immunisation by Rabies vaccine. Passive immunisation by Human Rabies Immuno Globulins (HRIG )