1 Dr V S Bhatia Director ICAR Indian Institute of Soybean Research Indore SoybeanGlobal Scenario 2 Globally Soybean continue to rank first amongst oilseed crops Contributes to nearly 27 of the world vegetable oil production ID: 1028328
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1. Soybean Productivity Increase Prospects1Dr. V. S. BhatiaDirectorICAR- Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore
2. Soybean-Global Scenario2Globally Soybean continue to rank first amongst oilseed crops. Contributes to nearly 27% of the world vegetable oil production. Supplies two thirds of protein concentrate for live stock feedingFive major producers, USA, Brazil, Argentina, China and India account for 90% of world production.
3. World soybean area, production and productivitySource: FAOSTAT 2017/AMIS-FAO
4. Major soybean producing countriesSource: FAOSTAT 2017/AMIS-FAOAreaProductionAverage for 2014-15 to 2016-17 period
5. National Scenario5Soybean is the leading oilseed crop of India.Contributes to 39% of total oilseeds, 29% of edible oil from primary sources and 18% of total edible oil produced in the country.DOC Export: There has been substantial export of DOC (Rs. 14,156 Crores in 2012-13) but it has come down to Rs. 1520 Crores in 2015-16), improved to Rs. 3731.69 Crores in 2016-17.Mainly grown as rainfed crop during rainy season in Vertisols and associated soils. Most resilient crop for monsoon Providing subsistence to small and marginal farmers under erratic monsoon conditions Improved the socio-economic status of the small and marginal farmers in central IndiaAs a cheapest source of high quality protein, has a potential to remove protein malnutrition
6. Soybean –A success story
7. Soybean: A success story in rainfed agriculture7Concentration of soybean area in India
8. Soybean: Area Production and yield Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of India
9. Yield Potential and Yield Gap in Soybean9Yield potential (as per Simulation study):Average water non-limiting potential: 3.0 t/haAverage water limiting potential: 2.2 t/haMany farmers are taking 2.5 t/haFLD average yield with full package: 1.8 t/ha Yield Gap:National average: 1.1 t/haAverage yield gap: 0.7 t/haIndia=1.1 t/haShort duration of the crop 90-95 daysSmall holding 1.5 haAt least two crops/yearPer day productivity/system productivityAv. 2013-14 to 2015-16Global=2.6 t/haUSA= 3.1 t/haBrazil=2.9 t/haArgentina= 2.9 t/haChina=1.8 t/ha
10. Targets for soybean production10Approach Targets Improving productivity t/haProduction (mt)Production (mt)2020202520202025Productivity enhancement1.401.6015.4017.6Increasing area of cultivation (Above 11.0 million ha) 0.65 m ha1.1 m ha0.901.7 Total soybean production 16.2519.3Submitted to ICAR/Niti Ayog
11. Crop expansion in newer niches11 Intercropping : Rice fellow:Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, NE, Non traditional areas: Punjab, Gujarat, Telangana, Jharkhand, NEHSugarcane, black gram, green gram, pigeonpea and hybrid cotton Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat
12. The majority of the crop is rainfed (98%) Low adoption of improved crop production technologyMono-varietal culture Continuous mono-croppingLack of irrigation at critical stages in case of droughtIncreasing insect-pest infestation Poor soil fertility and imbalanced nutrient application 12Production Problems
13. Yield Improvement: Policy Issues and Strategies13Poor availability of quality inputs at affordable pricesThere are no market facilities in non-traditional areasHigh variation in market prices and low price realization to farmers
14. 14CharactersProminent varietiesHigh yield potentialJS 20-29, NRC 86, KDS 344, MACS 1188, JS 97-52, NRC 37, JS 93-05, Early Maturity and drought escaping JS 20-34, JS 95-60, JS 93-05,Multiple disease resistanceNRC 86, MACS 1188, PS 1368, PS 1225, VLS 63, Pusa 9814, PS 1347Resistance to YMVJS 20-29, JS 20-69, PS 1368, SL 744, JS 97-52, SL 688, Pusa 9814, SL 525, PS 1347Tolerance to insect pestsDSb 1, RKS 24, MACS 1188, TAMS 97-21, Pratap Soya 1 and 2, Varietal diversification: more than 110 varieties released Enhancing the soybean production- Varietal
15. 15Optimum plating time (15th June to 5th July)Optimum seed rate (60-70 kg/ha) Optimum soil moisture (at least 100 to 120 mm rains) Optimum sowing depth (2-3 cm)Seed treatment Thiram + Carbendazim (2:1) @ 3g/kg seed OR Trichoderma viride (8-10g/kg seed)In areas where yellow mosaic virus is infecting soybean Thiamethoxam seed inculcation Bradrhizobium japonicum / PSBEnhancing the soybean production-crop production
16. 16Improving the organic carbon (<0.4%)Balanced use of nutrients (NPKS)Zn, Fe and other micronutrients are fast depleting Application of nutrients as per soil test valuesOptimum nutrition Apply 5-10 t /ha FYM or Compost25:60-80:40:20 Kg NPKS as basalProper placement of fertilizer-seed cum fertilizer drillWe are developing Decision Support System for working out site specific nutrient requirement for soybean in collaboration with IPNIEnhancing the soybean production-crop production
17. 17Efficient In-situ rainwater management strategies for high yields under rainfed conditions have been standardized:Planting of soybean on Broad-bed furrows (BBF) and Ridge-Furrow system results in 20% yield enhancement as compared to traditional flat bed plantingBBF seed drill which can simultaneously create broad beds and plant the soybean has been developed Provides effective drainage under high rainfallSoybean planted on ridge-furrow systemSowing of soybean with BBF Seed DrillSoybean planted on BBF systemEnhancing the soybean production-crop production
18. 18Irrigated conditions: (i) Soybean- wheat (ii) Soybean-potato/Garlic/Onion-wheatUnirrigated/Limited irrigation: Soybean-ChickpeaIntercropping provides better LER (1.3 to 1.7), profit and risk aversion due to climatic uncertainties Soybean based intercropping: Soybean + Pigeonpea, Soybean+sorghum (unirrigated), Soybean + Maize/Cotton/ Sugarcane etc. (Irrigated)Intercrop seed drill for planting of soybean with intercrops has been developed, demonstrated and validatedIntercrop seed drillSoybean+ Maize IntercroppingSoybean fits well in any of the traditional cropping systemEnhancing the soybean production-crop production
19. 19Substantial yield losses due to weedsFrom sowing to flowering period is the most critical period for competitionEffective weed management practices are recommended which can substantially reduce the yield losses due to weeds.The effective weed management techniques include:Physical weed management Cultural weed management, andChemical weed managementEnhancing the soybean production-crop production
20. 20Insects like Stem fly, Girdle beetle, tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) and Bihar hairy caterpillar are causing substantial yield losses. Diseases like Yellow mosaic, Charcoal rot, Anthracnose, Pod Blight, Collar rot, Rust etc. too are affecting the productivity potential of the soybean cropFor them regular scouting is required so that immediate action can be takenIntegrated insects and disease management which include use of variety, bio-control and chemicals has been recommendedEnhancing the soybean production-crop protection
21. 21Soybean is a short season cropIt provides a limited window for most of the agronomic practices that include planting time, management of weeds, control of insects and pests and harvestingThe mechanization of agricultural operations can help in timely interventions and operations for harnessing potential productivity of the cropSubsoilerSeed cum fertilizer drills BBF/FIRBS seed drillSweep seed drillRidge fertilizer drill cum seed planterIntercrop seed drill Enhancing the soybean production- mechanisation
22. 22To develop photo-thermal insensitive varieties with higher yield and wider adaptability across planting time and location To develop varieties and improved production technologies for drought Management of existing and new pest occurring in soybeanTo develop specialty soybean High oleic acid Null KTI Null lipoxygenase High oil content Vegetable type Focus on research activities
23. 23Thank you very much