Biotechnology Using organisms and biological processes for human benefit Very old Fermentation to produce alcohol and bread New techniques allow manipulation at the molecular level Some biotechnology controversial ID: 1025849
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Biotechnology And gene manipulation" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1. BiotechnologyAnd gene manipulation
2. BiotechnologyUsing organisms and biological processes for human benefitVery oldFermentation to produce alcohol and breadNew techniques allow manipulation at the molecular levelSome biotechnology controversial
3. Gene technologyMuch of modern biotechnology related to gene technologiesAlso known as genetic engineeringLike mechanical engineers there are tools
4. Gene Technology - ToolsCut DNAJoin/splice DNA fragmentsAmplify DNASort DNAProbe for genesSequence DNA
5. Cut DNARestriction enzymes or restriction endonucleasesCut DNA into fragments in a controlled mannerCuts occur at specific sitesRecognition sites
6. Restriction enzymesNaturally occurring in bacteriaPart of their defence systemDestroy foreign DNA by cutting it upNamed after the bacteria they are found inEscherichia coli EcoR1
7. Restriction enzymesExamples
8. Restriction enzymes
9. DNA ligasesJoin DNA fragments togetherFound in cellsRepair damaged DNAJoin complementary sticky ends(created by restriction enzymes)
10.
11. Recombinant DNACombine a gene from one species into the DNA of another speciesSo what’s the big deal?
12. GMGenetically Modified cropsAdd beneficial gene from one species of plant into an agricultural plantDisease resistanceNatural insecticideControversial
13.
14. Amplifying DNAPCRPolymerase Chain ReactionUses DNA polymerase enzyme to create copies of DNASingle strand can be copied millions of timesamplified
15. PCR CycleDNA + DNA polymerase + primer + nucleotides + bufferDNA heated to 95oC DNA denatures – splits into separate strandsDNA cooled to 50-55oC Primers bind to opposite ends of DNADNA heated to 72oCNew DNA strands synthesised
16. Sorting DNAGel electrophoresisDNA fragments separated according toSizeCharge UV fluorescing dye bound to fragments AutoradiographPhoto taken under UV light
17.