Chapter 5 VIDEO CASES Case 1 ESPNcom Getting to eXtreme Scale on the Web Case 2 Salesforcecom Managing by Smartphone Case 3 Acxioms Strategic Advantage IBMs Virtual Blade Platform ID: 589777
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Slide1
IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies-Abridged-Pruned
Chapter 5
VIDEO CASES
Case 1: ESPN.com: Getting to eXtreme Scale on the Web
Case 2: Salesforce.com: Managing by Smartphone
Case 3:
Acxiom’s Strategic Advantage: IBM’s Virtual Blade Platform
Instructional Video 1: Google and IBM Produce Cloud Computing
Instructional Video 2: IBM Blue Cloud Is Ready-to-Use ComputingSlide2
Operating system platforms
Operating systems
Server level: 65% run Unix or Linux; 35% run Windows
Client level: 90% run Microsoft Windows (Windows 8, Windows 7, etc.)Mobile/multitouch (Android, iOS)Cloud computing (Google’s Chrome OS)Enterprise software applicationsEnterprise application providers: SAP and OracleMiddleware providers: IBM, Oracle
IT Infrastructure ComponentsSlide3
Data management and storage
Database software: IBM (DB2), Oracle, Microsoft (SQL Server), Sybase (Adaptive Server Enterprise), MySQL
Physical data storage:
EMC Corp (large-scale systems), Seagate, Western DigitalStorage area networks (SANs): Connect multiple storage devices on dedicated network
IT Infrastructure ComponentsSlide4
Internet platformsHardware, software, management services to support company Web sites (including Web-hosting services), intranets, extranets
Internet hardware server market: IBM, Dell, Sun (Oracle), HP
Web development tools/suites: Microsoft (Visual Studio and .NET), Oracle-Sun (Java), Adobe, Real Networks
IT Infrastructure ComponentsSlide5
Consulting and system integration services
Even large firms do not have resources for full range of support for new, complex infrastructureLeading consulting firms: Accenture, IBM Global Services, HP, Infosys, Wipro Technologies
Software integration: ensuring new infrastructure works with legacy systems
Legacy systems: older TPS created for mainframes that would be too costly to replace or redesign
IT Infrastructure ComponentsSlide6
BYOD (Bring your own device)Allowing employees to use personal mobile devices in workplace
Consumerization of ITNew information technology emerges in consumer markets first and spreads to business organizations
Forces businesses and IT departments to rethink how IT equipment and services are acquired and managed
Current Trends in Hardware PlatformsSlide7
Quantum computing
Uses quantum physics to represent and operate on dataDramatic increases in computing speed
Virtualization
Allows single physical resource to act as multiple resources (i.e., run multiple instances of OS)Reduces hardware and power expendituresFacilitates hardware centralization
Current Trends in Hardware PlatformsSlide8
Open-source software: Produced by community of programmers
Free and modifiable by userExamples: Apache web server, Mozilla Firefox browser, OpenOffice
Linux
Open-source OS used in high-performance computingUsed in mobile devices, local area networks, Web servers, Android OSCurrent Trends in Software PlatformsSlide9
ACID Properties(read with RDBMS): ensure
accuracy, completeness, and data integrity
.
A transaction is a very small unit of a program and it may contain several lowlevel tasks. A transaction in SQL in a database system must maintain Atomicity, In a transaction involving two or more discrete pieces of information, either all of the pieces are committed or none are.Consistency, A transaction either creates a new and valid state of data, or, if any failure occurs, returns all data to its state before the transaction was started.Isolation, A transaction in process and not yet committed must remain isolated from any other transaction.When attempting to maintain the highest level of isolation, a DBMS usually acquires locks on data and implements and Durability −
Committed data is saved by the system such that, even in the event of a failure and system restart, the data is available in its correct state.
A
sequence of database operations that satisfy the ACID properties, can be perceived as single logical operation on the data which is called a transaction.Slide10
CAP theorem (read with BigData
and NoSQL (Not Only SQL))CAP theorem, also named Brewer's theorem after computer scientist Eric Brewer, states that it is
NOT
possible for a distributed computer system to simultaneously provide more than two out of three of the following guarantees. (CA, CP, AP)Consistency: Every read receives the most recent write or error Availability: Every request receives a (non-error) response without guarantee that it contains the most recent writ.Partition tolerance: The system continues to operate despite an arbitrary number of messages being dropped (or delayed) by the network between nodes Slide11Slide12
Non-relational
databases:
“
NoSQL”More flexible data modelData sets stored across distributed machines Easier to scaleHandle large volumes of unstructured and structured
data (Web, social media, graphics)
Databases in the cloud
Typically, less functionality than on-premises DBs
Amazon Relational Database Service, Microsoft SQL Azure
Private clouds
NoSQLSlide13
Software for the WebJava: Object-oriented programming language
Operating system, processor-independentHTML/HTML5
Web page description language
HTML5 is latest evolutionEmbeds media, animationSupports cross-platform apps, offline data storageRuby and Python
Current Trends in Software PlatformsSlide14
Web ServicesSoftware components that exchange information using Web standards and languages
XML: Extensible Markup LanguageMore powerful and flexible than HTML
Tagging allows computers to process data automatically
Current Trends in Software PlatformsSlide15
SOA: Service-oriented architecture
Set of self-contained services that communicate with one another to create a working software application
Software developers reuse these services in other combinations to assemble other applications as needed
Example: an “invoice service” to serve whole firm for calculating and sending printed invoicesDollar Rent A CarUses Web services to link online booking system with Southwest Airlines’ Web site
Current Trends in Software PlatformsSlide16
Management and governance
Who controls IT infrastructure?
How should IT department be organized?
CentralizedCentral IT department makes decisionsDecentralizedBusiness unit IT departments make own decisionsHow are costs allocated between divisions, departments?
Challenges of Managing IT InfrastructureSlide17
Making wise infrastructure investmentsAmount to spend on IT is complex question
Rent vs. buy, cloud computingOutsourcing
Total cost of ownership (TCO) model
Analyzes direct and indirect costsHardware, software account for only about 20% of TCOOther costs: Installation, training, support, maintenance, infrastructure, downtime, space, and energyTCO can be reducedUse of cloud services, greater centralization and standardization of hardware and software resources
Challenges of Managing IT InfrastructureSlide18
Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure investment
Market demand for firm
’s services
Firm’s business strategyFirm’s IT strategy, infrastructure, and costInformation technology assessmentCompetitor firm services
Competitor firm IT infrastructure investments
Challenges of Managing IT InfrastructureSlide19
There are six factors you can use to answer the question,
“
How much should our firm spend on IT infrastructure?
”
FIGURE 5-13
COMPETITIVE FORCES MODEL FOR IT INFRASTRUCTURE