Ferns Club Mosses Whisk Ferns Horsetails General Characteristics Phylum Tracheophyta true land plants Evolved ways of freeing themselves from dependence on wet environments ID: 478134
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Slide1
Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns, Club Mosses, Whisk Ferns, HorsetailsSlide2
General Characteristics
Phylum:
Tracheophyta
“
true” land
plants
Evolved
ways of
freeing
themselves
from dependence on
wet
environments
True
roots and
leaves, cuticle, vascular tissueSlide3
Characteristics of tracheophytes
Vascular tissue:
transport water and products of photosynthesis
XYLEM – movement of water from roots to shoots
Tracheid
cell -
carry water from roots to leavesPHLOEM – transports nutrients and products of photosynthesis throughout the plant Veins: area in leaves that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissueCuticles: protective, waxy coating on the leaves, prevents water loss through evaporationSlide4
Ferns: Characteristics
Well developed
tracheophytes
True vascular tissue
strong
roots
creeping or underground stems (rhizomes) large leaves (fronds)Habitat: abundant in wet environmentsSlide5
Ferns (
Filicinae
)
Sporangium of
Sporophyte
GametophyteSlide6
Life Cycle of FernsSlide7
Life Cycle of Ferns
If spore lands on damp soil, it
germinates
Grows into a flat heart shaped structure called the
prothallus
(gametophyte). The
prothallus lies flat on the ground and produces male and female reproductive organs on its undersideFemale reproductive organ (archegonium) produces an egg cellSlide8
Life Cycle of Ferns…..
4. Male reproductive organ
(antheridia)
produces sperm
5. Sperm cells swim to the egg through a film of water. The resulting
zygote
divides and re-divides6. This eventually forms a small sporophyte fern plant that grows parasitically on the prothallusSlide9
Life Cycle of Ferns…..
7. The small fern plant produces an underground stem called
rhizome
which produces miniature leaves called fiddleheads when they push above ground
8. Little dots or umbrellas (
sori
) form on the underside of fronds (large leaves) and contain several sporangia9. Spores are released into the wind from sporangiumSlide10
Life Cycle Animation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ40LDWt678&feature=related
Slide11
Horsetails
(
Sphenophyta
)Slide12
Whisk Ferns (Psilophyta
)Slide13
Club Mosses (Lycophyta
)Slide14
Pg
44
#
1-3