The Julio Claudians through the 5 Good Emperors The Julio Claudians 27 BC 68 AD Augustus 27 BC 14 AD Tiberius 14 37 Gaius Caligula 37 41 Claudius 41 54 Nero 54 68 ID: 259339
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Early Roman Empire" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The Early Roman Empire
The Julio-
Claudians
through the 5 Good EmperorsSlide2
The Julio-
Claudians
(27 B.C. – 68 A.D.)
Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.)
Tiberius (14 - 37)
Gaius Caligula (37 - 41)
Claudius (41 - 54)
Nero (54 - 68)Slide3
Julio-Claudian
Family TreeSlide4
Augustus (27 B.C. – 14 A.D.)Slide5
Augustus (27 B.C. – 14 A.D.)
1
st
Emperor of Rome
Begin the “
Pax
Romana
”
Ruled longer than any other emperor
Adopted by Julius Caesar
Held multiple titles including “
Princeps
,” “Imperator,” and “Pater
Patriae
”
Father of Julia
Built numerous buildings including the Pantheon, Mausoleum of Augusts, Temple of Mars
Ultor
,
Ara
Pacis
, Theater of Marcellus, and the Temple of Apollo on the PalatineSlide6
Tiberius (14 – 37)Slide7
Tiberius (14 – 37)
Son of
Livia
and step-son of Augustus
Was married to Julia, but later divorced
Not Augustus’ 1
st
choice as his heir
Considered to be frugal with state money
Advised by the notorious head of praetorian guard, Sejanus
Spent last half of reign in voluntary exile on the island of CapriSlide8
Caligula (37 – 41)Slide9
Caligula (37 – 41)
Son of
Germanicus
Name means “little boots”
Started as a “good emperor”
Provided lavish entertainments for the people
Suffered a breakdown or fever during reign
Became a “monster” according to Suetonius
Allegedly committed incest with his sisters
Squandered all the money that Tiberius had saved
Assassinated by his own praetorian guardSlide10
Claudius (41 – 57)Slide11
Claudius (41 – 57)
Caligula’s uncle and one of his few surviving relatives
Had a limp and a stutter
Had been made
Pontifex
Maximus
by Caligula
Made Emperor by the Praetorian Guard
Was an excellent administrator (and historian)
Conquered Britain and made it a province
Built the Aqua Claudia, which still runs today and feeds the
Trevi
FountainSlide12
Claudius (41 – 57)
Married Agrippina, Caligula’s younger sister
Adopted Nero, son of Agrippina, at her insistence
Was eventually poisoned by AgrippinaSlide13
Nero (54 – 68)Slide14
Nero (54 – 68)
Married his cousin, Octavia (daughter of Claudius)
Tutored by Seneca, a famous philosopher
Beginning of reign started well
Divorced and later executed Octavia so he could marry
Poppaea
Nero then kicked
Poppaea
to death while she was pregnant
Then married Messalina
Had a boyfriend named
Sporus
, who resembled
PoppaeaSlide15
Nero (54 – 68)
The great fire of 64 allowed him to buy a great expanse of land to build his
Domus
Aurea
Went on a tour of Greece so he could participate in the Olympic Games. He won gold medals in every event that he participated in
There were several conspiracies against his life
The army, led by Galba, revolted against Nero
Tried to commit suicide by a slave had to finish him off
“What an artist the world is losing!” were his final wordsSlide16
The Year of the 4 Emperors
Galba (68 - 69)
Otho
(69)
Vitellius
(69)
Vespasian (69 - 79)Slide17
Galba (68 - 69)Slide18
OthoSlide19
VitelliusSlide20
The Flavians
(69 – 96)
Vespasian (69 - 79)
Titus (79 - 81)
Domitian (81 - 96)Slide21
Vespasian (69 - 79)Slide22
Vespasian (69 - 79)
A career soldier and distinguished general
Under Nero, served as governor of Judea and began to suppress the Jewish revolt
After he was made emperor, his son Titus finished suppressing the revolt and brought back thousands of slaves to Rome
The final battle came at the fort of Masada
Imposed numerous taxes to replenish the state treasury, including a tax on public urinals
Began construction of the
Colosseum
in 73Slide23
Titus (79 - 81)Slide24
Titus (79 - 81)
Son of Vespasian
According to Suetonius, he was the “delight and darling of the human race”
Was given the title “Caesar” by his father
Conquered Jerusalem in 70
Shared 7 consulships with Vespasian
Sent assistance to Pompeii and Herculaneum after the eruption of Vesuvius in 79
Dedicated the
Colosseum
in 80
Died from malaria contracted at his summer villaSlide25
Domitian (81 - 96)Slide26
Domitian (81 - 96)
Had himself proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard even before Titus was pronounced dead
Was a stern autocrat who ignored the Senate
Attempted to restore public morality
Preferred the title “Dominus et Deus”
The Stadium of Domitian in the Campus
Martius
later became the Piazza
Navona
Completed the subterranean passage ways in the
Colosseum
and rededicated itSlide27
Domitian (81 - 96)
In 93 a reign of terror began with many senators and leading citizens being executed or exiled
In 96 a plot, led by the empress
Domitia
and her steward,
Stephanus
, assassinated Domitian.
The Senate decreed a “
Damnatio
Memoriae
” and Domitian’s name was erased from public monuments and documentsSlide28
The Five Good Emperors
Nerva
(96 - 98)
Trajan (98 - 117)
Hadrian (117 - 138)
Antoninus
Pius (138 - 161)
Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180)Slide29
Nerva (96 - 98)Slide30
Nerva (96 - 98)
Co-consul with Vespasian in 71
Hailed Emperor on the same day Nero was killed
Popular with the senate
Rescinded many of Domitian’s taxesSlide31
Trajan (97 - 117)Slide32
Trajan (97 - 117)
Born in Spain, making him the first emperor of non-Italian origin
His father commanded the 10
th
legion (Caesar’s favorite) during the Jewish revolt
Adopted by
Nerva
Was popular with both the people and the Senate
Conquered Dacia (Rumania) and pushed the borders of the empire as far as they would ever beSlide33
Hadrian (117 - 138)Slide34
Hadrian (117 - 138)
Hadrian’s father was a cousin of Trajan
When he was young, Hadrian received a scar on his cheek from a hunting accident; thereafter he always wore a beard
Was more interested in culture and the arts than war; as a result he avoided war and expansion
Adopted by Trajan on his deathbed
Spent a great part of his reign visiting the outposts of the empire
Built a wall in Northern Britain (Hadrian’s Wall)Slide35
Hadrian (117 - 138)
Rebuilt the Pantheon which had been destroyed by a flood; however he left the original inscription
Built an elaborate villa (Hadrian’s Villa) in Tivoli where he placed many of the statues that he had brought back from his travels around the empire
Built his own mausoleum (Hadrian’s Mausoleum), which is now called Castel
Sant
’ Angelo, a museum and fortress for the Pope
When he died, he was unpopular with the Senate who refused to deify himSlide36
Antoninus Pius (138 - 161)Slide37
Antoninus Pius (138 - 161)
Adopted by Hadrian
Earned the cognomen “Pius” by fighting the Senate to have Hadrian deified
Well liked by the people and Senate
Was handsome, kind, and rich
Ruled mostly by diplomacy rather than militarySlide38
Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180)Slide39
Marcus Aurelius (161 - 180)
Born to a wealth family in Spain
Adopted by
Antoninus
Was co-emperor with
Lucius
Verus
until 169
His reign was marked by constant war on both the eastern front (Parthia) and the northern front (Germany)
Known as the Philosopher Emperor
Stoic philosopher who wrote the
Meditations