The Practice Of The Early Church wwwNTRForg 1 Luke 22 amp Acts 2 Part One A Feast Focused on the Future 2 3 Catholic Transubstantiation 4 Catholic Transubstantiation Lutheran ID: 677418
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tHE lord’s supper: A Holy Meal
The Practice Of The Early Church
www.NTRF.org
1Slide2
Luke 22 & Acts 2
Part One: A Feast Focused on the Future
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3
Catholic: TransubstantiationSlide4
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Catholic: Transubstantiation
Lutheran: ConsubstantiationSlide5
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Catholic: Transubstantiation
Lutheran: ConsubstantiationBaptist: Memorial ViewSlide6
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Catholic: Transubstantiation
Lutheran: ConsubstantiationBaptist: Memorial View
Reformed: Spiritual PresenceSlide7
And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant that I make between me and you and every living creature . . . I have set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of the covenant . . . When I bring clouds over the earth and the bow is seen in the clouds, I will
remember my covenant
. . . When the bow is in the clouds, I will see it and remember the everlasting covenant . . .." — Genesis 9:14-16 (ESV)
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During those many days the king of Egypt died, and the people of Israel groaned because of their slavery and cried out for help . . . And
God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob
. — Exodus 2:22-24 (ESV)
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For thus says the Lord GOD:
“. . . I will remember my covenant
with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish for you an everlasting covenant.”— Ezekiel 16:59-60 (ESV)
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Luke 22 & Acts 2
Part One: A Feast Focused on the Future
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Luke 22:7-13Slide12
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Luke 22:14-16Slide13
"Let us rejoice and be glad and give the glory to Him, for the marriage of the Lamb has come and His bride has made herself
ready . . .Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb
." — Revelation 19:7, 9 (NASV)13Slide14
“The Passover celebrated two events, the deliverance from Egypt and the anticipated coming Messianic deliverance”
—Fritz Reinecker
, Linguistic Key to the Greek New Testamentp. 207
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"I say to you, that many shall come from east and west, and recline at the table
with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
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"I say to you, that many shall come from east and west, and recline at the table
with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
"Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the kingdom of God!“— Luke 14:15 (NASV)
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"I say to you, that many shall come from east and west, and recline at the table
with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.”— Matthew 8:11 (NASV)
"Blessed is everyone who shall eat bread in the kingdom of God!“— Luke 14:15 (NASV)“Behold, I stand at the door and knock; if anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in to him, and will
dine with him, and he with Me.”— Revelation 3:20 (NASV)
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Moses . . . and seventy of the elders of Israel went up, and they saw the God of Israel. There was under his feet as it were a pavement of sapphire stone, like the very heaven for clearness. And he did not lay his hand on the chief men of the people of Israel; they beheld God, and ate and drank.
— Exodus 24:9-11 (ESV)
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Luke 22:17-18Slide20
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Luke 22:19Slide21
“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
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“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis
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“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis an = “not
” amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget”
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“Remembrance” (Lk 22:19)
anamnesis an = “not
” amnesis (“amnesia”) = “forget”
anamnesis = “remembrance” = “reminder”
Baurer
, Arndt, Gingrich, & Danker
A
Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian
Literature
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“unto my reminder
” (Lk 22:19)
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“unto my reminder
” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?28Slide29
“unto my reminder
” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?Is the reminder for us?
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“unto my reminder
” (Lk 22:19)
To whom does the reminder belong?Is the reminder for us?— or —Is the reminder for Jesus?
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"That's my picture!“
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"That's my picture!“
The picture belongs to me
I own it
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"That's
my
picture!“I am the subject of the picture (but I might not own it)
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The reminder can belong to Jesus
— Or —
The reminder can be about Jesus34Slide35
The standard word for “my” = mou
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The standard word for “my” = mou
Mou
is grammatically ambiguous36Slide37
The standard word for “my” = mou
Mou
is grammatically ambiguousThe reminder could be about Jesus or it could belong to Jesus
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The standard word for “my” = mou
Mou
is grammatically ambiguousThe reminder could be about Jesus or it could belong to Jesus
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The emphatic word for “my” = emos
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The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos
more specifically denotes possession40Slide41
The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos
more specifically denotes possessionJesus said emos, not mou
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The emphatic word for “my” = emos
Emos
more specifically denotes possessionJesus said emos, not mouThis strongly suggests that the reminder actually
belongs to Jesus!
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Dr. Joachim Jeremias said that Jesus used
anamnesis in the sense of a reminder for God:
“The Lord’s Supper would thus be an enacted prayer.”J. Jeremias, Professor of
Theology, University of Leipzig, Germany New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology
Vol
. III, p.
244
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Luke 22:20Slide45
“While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying,
‘Take and eat; this is my body.’ ”
— Matthew 26:26 (NIV)45Slide46
“Supper” (
Lk 22:20) = deipnon
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“Supper” (
Lk 22:20) = deipnon
“the main meal toward evening, banquet” Baurer, Arndt, Gingrich, & Danker
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature
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Jesus: “A certain man was preparing a great
banquet (deipnon) and invited many
guests”— Luke 14:16 (NIV)48Slide49
Jesus: “A certain man was preparing a great
banquet (deipnon) and invited many
guests”— Luke 14:16 (NIV)“Blessed are those who are invited to the wedding supper (
deipnon) of the Lamb!” — Revelation 19:9 (NIV)
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The Last Supper occurred in the context of the Passover Feast
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The Last Supper occurred in the context of the Passover Feast
Would the Twelve have somehow deduced that future Lord’s Suppers were not to be true meals?
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“Holy Communion was not simply a token meal as with us, but an actual meal. Moreover it seems clear that it was a meal to which each of the participants brought food"
Canon Leon Morris
Principal of Ridley College, Melbourne, AustraliaCommentary On First Corinthians Tyndale New Testament CommentaryInter-Varsity Press, 1976
p. 158
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"The name Lord's Supper, though legitimately derived from 1
Cor 11v20, is not there applied to the sacrament itself, but to the Love Feast or Agape, a meal commemorating the Last Supper, and not yet separated from the Eucharist when St. Paul wrote."
J G Simpson, Principal of clergy school in Leeds, England The Dictionary of the Bible (T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1909, p. 244)
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"
This simple rite was observed by His disciples, at first as part of a communal meal, Sunday by
Sunday." I. Howard Marshall, Emeritus Professor of New Testament Exegesis
University of Aberdeen, ScotlandChristian Beliefs: An Introductory Study GuideInter-Varsity Press, 1972, p.80
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“In the first century, the Lord’s Supper included not only the bread and the cup but an entire meal.”
Dr. John Gooch, church historian and editor, United Methodist Publishing House , Nashville, Tennessee
Christian History, Issue 37, p. 3
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"The early church observed the Lord's Supper as an exclusive community meal."
John Dranelecturer in Religious Studies
Stirling University, Scotland The New Lion EncyclopediaLion Publishers, p.
173
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Luke 22:29-30Slide58
What better way to typify the coming Messianic banquet than with a banquet?
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They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching
and fellowship, to the breaking of bread and
the prayers.— Acts 2:42 (ESV)59Slide60
Part Two:• The Purpose of a Meeting
• One Cup, One Loaf• “Until He Comes”
Acts 201 Corinthians 101 Corinthians 11
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Acts 20:7Slide62
Because there is one loaf, we, who are many, are one body, for we all partake of the one loaf.
— 1 Corinthians 10:17 (NIV)
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1 Corinthians 11:17-22Slide65
When you come together, it is not the Lord's
supper that you eat. For in eating, each one goes ahead with his own meal. One goes hungry, another gets drunk.
— 1 Corinthians 11:20-21 (ESV)65Slide66
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1 Corinthians 11:26Slide67
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“Until” it stops rainingSlide68
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ESV Luke 22:16 For I tell you I will not eat it
until* it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.*heos hutouSlide69
“Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26)
“until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive verb, it grammatically can denote a goal.Much more than a mere time frame, the Greek behind “until” in 1Corinthians 11:26 refers to an objective (“until the goal is reached” )
German theologian Fritz Rienecker,
Linguistic Key To The Greek New Testament
p 34
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“Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26)
“until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive verb, it grammatically can denote a goalMuch more than a mere time frame, the Greek behind “until” in 1Corinthians 11:26 refers to an objective (“until the goal is reached” )
German theologian Fritz Rienecker,
Linguistic Key To The Greek New Testament
p 34
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“Until He Comes” (1Co 11:26)
“until” = achri hou
When used along with an aorist subjunctive verb, it grammatically can denote a goalMuch more than a mere time frame, the Greek behind “until” in 1Corinthians 11:26 refers to an objective (“until the goal is reached” )
German theologian Fritz Rienecker, Linguistic Key To The Greek New Testamentp 34
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NIV 2 Peter 3:12
. . . Look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.Slide73
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NIV 2 Peter 3:12
. . . Look forward to the day of God and speed its coming.NAS Revelation 6:10 "How long, O Lord, holy and true, wilt Thou refrain from judging and avenging our blood on those who dwell on the earth?”Slide74
Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by the Gentiles until
(achri hou) the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.
— Romans 11:25 (NASV)He must reign until (
achri hou)
He has put all His enemies under His feet.
— 1 Corinthians 15:25 (NASV)
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Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by the Gentiles until
(achri hou) the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.— Romans 11:25 (NASV)
He must reign until (achri hou)
He has put all His enemies under His feet.
— 1 Corinthians 15:25 (NASV)
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Jerusalem will be trampled under foot by the Gentiles until
(achri hou) the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.— Luke 21:24 (NASV)
A partial hardening has happened to Israel until (achri hou) the fullness of the Gentiles has come in.— Romans 11:25 (NASV)
He must reign until (achri hou) He has put all His enemies under His feet.
— 1 Corinthians 15:25 (NASV)
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“Give us this day our daily bread”
— Luke 11:3
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“Give us this day our daily bread”
— Luke 11:3“the bread of the world to come”
— Athanasius Godet, Commentary on Luke, Kregel Publications, 1981, p. 314
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Part Three:An Unworthy Manner
1 Corinthians 11:27-32
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1 Corinthians 11:27-32Slide81
KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”83Slide84
KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”NASV: “unworthy manner”
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KJV: “unworthily” (1Co 11:27)
Greek: anaxios = “in an unworthy manner”
ESV: “unworthy manner”NASV: “unworthy manner”NIV: “unworthy manner”
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1 Corinthians 11:33-34Slide87
“Paul’s point is that, if the rich wish to eat and drink on their own
, enjoying better food than their poorer brothers, they should do this at home;
if they cannot wait for others (verse 33), if they must indulge to excess, they can at least keep the church’s common meal free from practices that can only bring discredit upon it . . . Paul simply means that those who are so hungry that they cannot wait for their brothers should satisfy their hunger before they leave home, in order that decency and order may prevail in the assembly.”
— C K Barrett, theology professor at Durnham University, England
Black’s New Testament Commentary, The Fist Epistle to The Corinthians
Hendrickson Publishers, 2000, p. 263 & 27
7
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Frequency?
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Frequency?
Form?
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Frequency?
Form?Focus?
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Frequency?
Form?Focus?
Fellowship or Funeral?91Slide92
Frequency?
Form?Focus?
Fellowship or Funeral?Functions?92Slide93
— SUPPER SUMMARY —
Primary Purpose
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the Lamb
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the LambForward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the LambForward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
Fellowship and Edification
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the LambForward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
Fellowship and Edification
One Cup & One Loaf / Create Unity / Symbolic of Jesus’ Body and Blood
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— SUPPER SUMMARY —
Primary Purpose
Full Meal / Wedding Supper of the LambForward-Looking / Wedding Atmosphere
Fellowship and Edification
One Cup & One Loaf / Create Unity / Symbolic of Jesus’ Body and Blood
6. Reminds Jesus
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On-line
Seminary Course
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Revised
03/05/10Slide100
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Revised 09/15/12