Chapter 13 Section 2 The Inside Story Where did they come from That question was on the minds of the monks of Lindisfarne Monastery on the morning of June 8 793 Just a few hours before the monks had been going about their daily business tending crops praying and copying manus ID: 493112
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Slide1
New Invaders
Chapter 13 Section 2Slide2
The Inside Story
“Where did they come from?”
That question was on the minds of the monks of
Lindisfarne
Monastery on the morning of June 8, 793. Just a few hours before, the monks had been going about their daily business, tending crops, praying and copying manuscripts. Now many of them were dead, killed by the swords and spears of raiders. Those left alive watched as their monastery’s precious treasures were loaded into ships that slipped quietly out to sea. Dazed, the monks wondered exactly what had led to this terrible destruction.
What the monks did not know was that the raiders were Vikings from what is now Denmark. Nor did they realize that the raid on their monastery was only the beginning of Europe’s newest threat. The attack on
Lindisfarne
was the beginning of a 200-year period of raids on northern Europe, a period sometimes called the Age of Vikings.Slide3
The Vikings
Charlemagne peace did not last long in Europe
Invaders from many directions
Fiercest of all,
Vikings
:Northern EuropeScandinavia area:NorwayDenmarkSwedenAlso called Norsemen, or the Northmen Slide4
Vikings & The Raids
Fishers or farmers
Land not very fertile
Growing population & lack of food led to Viking raids
Superb
sailors & shipbuildersCarried 100 warriors on shipsWithstand waves well Skill in navigation, planning the course across the sea, allowed search of wealth, new lands, prestige
1
st
targets: northern France, England
Major
targeted cities
:
Paris
Aachen
London
ConstantinopleSlide5
The Raids
People in Europe lived in fear
Fast-moving ships, little time to prepare
Axes, swords, spears
Captured/killed anyone, sold into
slaveryGrabbed precious items & sailed away HISTORY’S VOICES“The number of ships grows: the endless stream of Vikings never ceases to increase. Everywhere the Christians are victims of massacres, burnings, plunderings: the Vikings conquer all in their path, and no one resists them.” --A monk of Noirmoutier, quoted in The Viking World by James Graham-CampbellSlide6
VIKINGS, MAGYARS, AND MUSLIMS, 800–1000Slide7
Viking l
ongshipSlide8
The Raids
Favorite target:
Christian monasteries
Monks
were not warriors
Fine treasure, jeweled crosses and gold/silver candle-sticksSaw nothing wrong with stealing religious itemsSlide9
Viking Settlements
Not all Vikings were raiders
Some settled in Iceland, thrived for long time
Sagas—long
Icelandic stories about great heroes/events
Reached Greenland in 982Reached North America under Leif ErikssonSettled in modern day CanadaSlide10
Viking Settlements
Also settled in northern
France
Led by
Chief Rollo
raided France many timesKing of France makes deal with Rollo—if he stopped attacking France & defended France against other Vikings, he would give him landRollo accepts deal, land called Normandy, land of Northmen, he receives over timeSlide11
The Magyars
Invaded from
east
From central Asia, nomads, settled in modern day Hungary
Fierce warriors on
horseback, planned raids carefullyAttacked smaller settlements, easily outrun any armiesRaided eastern France & Germany, northern Italy, & western Byzantine EmpireGave up nomadic ways, made permanent settlementKing Otto of Germany crushed huge Magyar army, ending the raidsSlide12
The Muslims
800s & 900s, ordered fast, small raids on cities & towns of southern France & Italy
Attacked
Rome
,
home of pope & spiritual center of Christianity in western EuropeDestroyed ancient churches, including St. Peter’s Basilica, painful blow to European ChristiansBlocked Byzantine trade in Mediterranean, sold crew into slavery, looted shipsCut off trade routes between Italy & eastern alliesPope turns to Franks for protection, balance of
power
in western Europe is shifted**