Pipe Crushing amp Rupture Presented by T Kim Parnell PhD PE Parnell Engineering amp Consulting PEC wwwparnellengcom wwwlinkedincominparnellpec kimparnellstanfordalumniorg ID: 253128
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Pipeline Explosion at Henderson, NVPipe Crushing & Rupture
Presented by:T. Kim Parnell, PhD, PEParnell Engineering & Consulting (PEC)www.parnell-eng.comwww.linkedin.com/in/parnellpeckim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org
Reference:
“
Analysis of the Dynamic Response of a Buried Pipeline due to a Surface Explosion,
”
Computational Aspects of Impact and Penetration
, L. E.
Schwer
and R. F. Kulak, eds.,
Elme
Press International, 1991 (with R. D.
Caligiuri
).Slide2
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec2
IntroductionOverview of IncidentNatural Gas Pipeline DetailsFinite Element Analysis of Pipe CrushingSummaryOutline of PresentationSlide3
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec3
T. Kim Parnell, PhD,PE - BiographyT. Kim Parnell, Ph.D.,P.E. is Principal & Founder of Parnell Engineering & Consulting (PEC). Kim holds Ph.D. and MSME degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University, a BES from Georgia Tech, and is a registered Professional Mechanical Engineer in the State of California. Kim is a Senior Member of IEEE, a Fellow of ASME, and SAE Member. Kim was 2011 Chair of the IEEE Santa Clara Valley Section (IEEE-SCV) with over 12,000 members and Past-Chair of the IEEE Consultants' Network of Silicon Valley (IEEE-CNSV).Dr. Parnell served on the Mechanical Engineering faculty at Santa Clara University teaching materials, design, and manufacturing applications. He currently participates as a Lecturer in the Stanford Composites Design Program. He works extensively in Composite material issues including Damage, Delamination, and Failure. Dr. Parnell is active in areas such as alternative energy, finite element analysis, robust design, and the use of computer simulation to achieve better designs in shorter time. He frequently works in medical devices and is an expert in the areas of failure analysis and accident investigation, and uses this expertise to help develop more reliable product designs. He has extensive experience in the analysis and simulation of structures, heat transfer, and fluid flow using finite elements and other numerical procedures..Dr. Parnell was recently at MSC.Software
Corporation as Senior Manager in the Product Management group. He was the MSC Product Manager for Fatigue and Wind Energy. Before starting PEC, Kim was at Exponent Failure Analysis Associates (Senior Manager),
Rubicor
Medical (R&D Director), SST Systems, ATT Bell Laboratories, Stanford University and General Motors. He also was appointed as a Visiting Associate Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Stanford University, teaching graduate courses in Mechanics. Slide4
4The PEPCON Incident
Fire and massive explosions at the PEPCON plant in Henderson, NV on May 4, 1988. PEPCON produced Ammonium Perchlorate (AP) – an oxidizerCombination of events:Large quantity of AP on site due to Challenger disaster16” natural gas line running under the plant (with leaking stitch welds)Slide5
5PEPCON Explosions
Two large explosions equivalent to 200 Tons and 500 Tons of TNT (3.0 and 3.5 on the Richter scale)Over $70M property damage; windows broken up to 30 miles away16” Natural Gas PipelineRuptured 40 foot sectionCrushed more than 260 feetLong-term leakage prior to blast from poor stitch weldsSlide6
6
Fire & BrimstoneRapid spread of fire; catastrophic explosionMost of event captured on videoSlide7
7Massive Explosion & Shockwave
Stills from video shot from Black Mountain – over 10 miles away
See link to separate video of blastSlide8
8Aerial View - Before & After
Before
AfterSlide9
916” Natural Gas Pipeline
Ran near the plant property boundary Ruptured 40 foot sectionCrushed more than 260 feetLong-term leakage prior to blast from poor stitch weldsBig Question: Did the pipe rupture occur before or after the explosions??Slide10
10Pipeline Section IdentificationSlide11
11Ruptured Gas Pipe – Initial ViewSlide12
12Pipe After Some DiggingSlide13
13
Pipe After Complete ExcavationSlide14
14Gas Pipe
Ruptured & Crushed SectionsSlide15
15Pipe – Crushed SectionsSlide16
16Plant BuildingsSlide17
17Production EquipmentSlide18
18Transient Finite Element Analysis of Pipe Crush due to Blast
To Address the Big Questions: Did the pipe rupture occur before or after the explosions??Was the natural gas pipeline leaking and depressurized prior to the blast?Slide19
Pipe/Soil Model
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec19Slide20
Pipe Crushing Due to BlastResponse Sequence #1
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec20Slide21
Pipe Crushing Due to BlastResponse Sequence #2
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec21Slide22
Pipe Crushing Due to BlastResponse Sequence #3
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec22Slide23
Pipe Crushing Due to BlastResponse Sequence #4
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec23Slide24
Pipe Crushing Due to BlastResponse Sequence #5
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec24Slide25
Pipe Crushing Due to BlastResponse Comparison
Pressurized: Pi=300psiUnpressurized: Pi=0psikim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec25Slide26
Pepcon Site: Aerial View Pre-Incidentkim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
26Slide27
Pepcon Site: Aerial View Post-Incidentkim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
27Slide28
Pepcon Site after Incidentkim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
28Slide29
Pepcon Site after Incidentkim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
29Slide30
Pipeline-Unstable Crack Growth
16-inch underground natural gas line300 psi internal pressurePoor quality welds (ERW pipe)Fast fracture of a 40-ft. section after initial weld defects grew through fatigue to critical sizeResulting fire & explosions demolished the plant30
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org
www.parnell-eng.com
www.linkedin.com
/in/
parnellpecSlide31
Natural Gas Pipelinekim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
31
16” Natural Gas Pipeline
40’ Ruptured Section
Electric Resistance Weld (ERW) showed stitching and lack of fusionSlide32
Natural Gas Pipelinekim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
32
16” Natural Gas Pipeline
40’ Ruptured Section
Electric Resistance Weld (ERW) showed stitching and lack of fusionSlide33
Natural Gas Pipelinekim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
33
16” Natural Gas Pipeline
Crushed SectionSlide34
Natural Gas Pipelinekim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
34
16” Natural Gas Pipeline
260’ Crushed SectionSlide35
Natural Gas Pipelinekim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
35
16” Natural Gas Pipeline
End 260’ Crushed SectionSlide36
kim.parnell@stanfordalumni.org www.parnell-eng.com www.linkedin.com/in/parnellpec
36
16” Natural Gas Pipeline