Maned Wolf Adansonia grandidieri Baobob Learning Objectives At the end of this unit a student should be able to Describe the characteristics shared by all living things and articulate how these are used to distinguish between living from nonliving things ID: 758176
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Slide1
What is Life?
Chrysocyon brachyurus
(Maned Wolf)
Adansonia grandidieri
(
Baobob)Slide2
Learning Objectives
At the end of this unit, a student should be able to…Describe the characteristics shared by all living things and articulate how these are used to distinguish between living from non-living things.
List the levels of the hierarchical organization of life in order and identify where a particular process or object is “located” within it.Slide3
Characteristics of Life
What are the defining characteristics of life?Which qualities are shared by ALL living things?
Coming up with a definition of life is not as easy as you’d think!Learning Objective: Distinguish between living and nonliving things by describing the features that characterize living organismsSlide4
Characteristics of Life
Living things:
maintain hierarchical levels of order reproduce using DNA/RNA
grow and develop over time
sense and respond to internal and environmental stimuli
maintain homeostasis, regulate metabolism
adapt and evolve
process energySlide5
Characteristics of Life
“maintain hierarchical levels of order”
atomsmoleculescells
living things are composed of one or more CELLSBasic unit of life
Most forms of life are unicellularSlide6
Characteristics of Life
There are two types of cellsprokaryotic cellsExclusive to bacteria and archaea
Structurally simple; they do not have a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelleseukaryotic cellsTypically contain a variety of organelles enclosed by membranes, including a nucleus, which houses DNASlide7
Characteristics of Life
“reproduce using DNA/RNA”
cells only come from other cellsDNA replicates (mitosis)Cell contents replicate1 cell produces 2 genetically identical cellsSlide8
Characteristics of Life
“reproduce using DNA/RNA”
Deoxyribonucleic Acidconsists of 4 nucleotides or bases (A,C,G,T)stores informationex. Human genome ~3,200,000,000 base pairsSlide9
Characteristics of Life
“grow and develop over time”
Biological growth involves an increase in size of cell and/or number of cellsDevelopment includes all changes during an organism’s lifecan be influenced by environmentSlide10
Characteristics of Life
“sense and respond to internal and environmental stimuli”
Detect physical/chemical changes in the environmentOften associated with the senses and movement
Smell
Touch
Taste
See
Hear
Old, outdated list.
“the classics”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SI73-Ka51ESlide11
Characteristics of Life
“sense and respond to internal and environmental stimuli”
Some senses are different than in humans
Chemical signals
Ultraviolet and infrared light
Electrical and ultrasonic fields
Electromagnetic wavesSlide12
Characteristics of Life
“sense and respond to internal and environmental stimuli”Slide13
Characteristics of Life
“maintain homeostasis, regulate metabolism”
homeostasisstable internal conditions
metabolismsum of chemical reactionsSlide14
Characteristics of Life
“maintain homeostasis, regulate metabolism”
ex. maintain body temperature
humans ~98.5°F
ex. Osmoregulation
water/salt balanceSlide15
Living things
evolve
and become betteradapted to their environmentAdaptations: Inherited characteristics that enhance an organism’s ability to survive in a particular environmentEvolution occurs at the population levelCharacteristics of a group change over timeIndividual organisms cannot evolveCharacteristics of LifeSlide16
Living things
evolve
and become betteradapted to their environmentDescent with modificationall living things have a common ancestry“Tree of Life”Characteristics of Life
Vulpes vulpes
(Red fox)
Vulpes ferrilata
(Tibetan Fox)Slide17
Vulpes vulpes
(Red fox)
Vulpes ferrilata
(Tibetan Fox)
Vulpes zerda
(Fennec Fox)
Dusicyan australis
(Falkland island wolf)
Martus mcflyus
(Michael J. Fox)
Cloonis pulchrum
(Fantastic Mr. Fox)
All of these creatures share common ancestry, but some share a more recent ancestor than othersSlide18Slide19Slide20
Shared Characteristics of Life
are composed of cells
reproduce (using DNA)grow and developsense and respond to the environmentmaintain internal conditions (homeostasis)evolvetake in energy/material from environment
Is that it?Slide21
Take in energy from the environment
Some use the energy of sunlight
Capture* sun’s energy via photosynthesis
Convert sunlight to chemical energy and sugars
Some use energy from other living organisms
Consume plants or animals
*Energy is
NOT
made
, it is converted from one form to another, eventually becoming heat that is lost to space.
Shared Characteristics of LifeSlide22
Shared Characteristics of Life
Science
is about learning new things and making predictions about the natural worldtherefore it is constantly changing / being refinedIt is more important that you can support the your answer than recite a listLearning Objective: Distinguish between living and nonliving things by describing the features that characterize living organismsSlide23
Shared Characteristics of Life
What about Viruses?
Contain DNAReproduceEvolveNot made of cellsonly genetic material and proteinHomeostasis, reproduction, and energy collection depend on cells to do these functionsSlide24
Levels of OrganizationSlide25
Hierarchical OrganizationSlide26
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Organism
Population
Organ system
Cell
Nucleus
Organelle
Macromolecule
Oxygen atom
Molecule
Water
Hydrogen atoms
Organ
Bone cells
Tissue
Energy transfer
Allows hierarchical organization of lifeSlide27
Themes in BiologySlide28
Three Basic Themes of Biology
Energy transfer
Life requires continuous input of energy from the sunInformation transferInformation must be transmitted within cells, among cells, among organisms, and from one generation to the nextEvolution
Evolution results in populations changing over time Explains how the ancestry of organisms can be traced back to earlier forms of life