Causes of the 1837 rebellions Lower Canada French present day Quebec Upper Canada English present day Ontario What do we know about the people in these 2 colonies think last unit gr 9 ID: 656984
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Slide1
Anger in Upper and Lower Canada
Causes of the 1837 rebellionsSlide2
Lower Canada = French = present day Quebec
Upper Canada = English = present day Ontario
What do we know about the people in these 2 colonies?
(think: last unit, gr. 9 . . .)Slide3
This unit is about how the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada both rebelled against their government.
Why?
What happened?Slide4
Types of Government
What is
representative
government?
What is
Responsible
Government?
What did the Colonies have?
Government is elected by voters – represents the people
Voters have the power to vote out/ remove a government that does not please them (responsible to the people)
Run by Britain/ Governor and small group of aristocrats (oligarchy)Slide5
Types of Government
What is an oligarchy?
Who are the oligarchies in Upper and Lower Canada?
Are the Colonies Democratic?
Rule (governance) by a small, select group of people
Upper Canada:
Family Compact
Lower Canada:
Chateau Clique
Colonies are
NOT
democratic –Government is not representative or responsibleSlide6
Types of Government
What is the government in
b
oth colonies?
Governor
(represents Britain)
Executive
Legislative Council
Council
(Both councils appointed by Governor – all members are part of the
Family compact or the Chateau Clique)
Legislative Assembly
(elected by Male Property owners in colony)Slide7
Type of Government
Why is this colonial government not democratic?
Governor and his councils (Family Compact/ Chateau clique) could Veto all laws passed in Elected legislative assembly (and often did)Slide8
Stop: answer in small groups
!
What do the following words mean:
Oligarchy
Democracy
Representative government
Responsible
government
Why was the government in Upper and lower Canada not responsible?
3. What group had all the power in Upper Canada? In Lower Canada?Slide9
Answers
Oligarchy:
a small group with all power
Democracy
: Power held by the people
Representative Gov
.: people vote representatives
Responsible gov.: responsible to the will of the people; representatives have power to make change, and people can vote them out
Gov. not responsible as governor general and legislative / executive council are not elected and can veto all passed by elected legislative assembly
Upper Canada: Family Compact, Lower
Canda
: Chateau CliqueSlide10
Upper Canada
What did the Family Compact Veto?
What are the Colonists angry about?
Who is
R
obert
Gourlay
?Roads/ development in crown and church land
Ignore
land speculation/
problems with absentee landlords
No landNo r
oads
(crown/ clergy land in the way)
Family Compact has all the power
Land agent
Created petition for change in policy
Arrested
and deported
Unifies oppositionSlide11
Upper Canada
Who is William Lyon
Mackenzie
?
Leader of protest/ for reform
Newspaper:
“Colonial Advocate”
prints articles against gov. and family compactWhen Family Compact ransacked his office he suedElected to Legislative Assembly
1828
Leader of Reform/ rebellionSlide12
Stop: answer in small groups
!
Who was a Rebellion leader in Upper Canada?
2. What was Upper Canada
m
ad about? (why rebel?)Slide13
answers
Who was a Rebellion leader in Upper Canada?
William Lyon Mackenzie
What was Upper Canada
m
ad about? (why rebel?)
No
land available to immigrants
No roads (crown/ clergy land in the way)
Family Compact has all the
power (not responsible government)Slide14
Lower Canada
What issues anger Lower Canada?
Discrimination against the French by the English
No Representation in Government
High
TaxesSlide15
Lower Canada
Who were the Chateau Clique?
What
is the problem with the Chateau Clique?
Ruling
Oligarchy
– controls business and government
All English Speaking/ BritishEnglish/ protestant
Minority
(less than ¼ of pop.) has all the political/ economic power in a French Catholic colony
Feel like
Church and Seigneurs sold out to English
Angry that Legislative Assembly is
powerless
(Veto power of councils/ Governor like upper Canada) and taxes are
highSlide16
Lower Canada
What
Land
Problems does Lower Canada face?
How does
Nationalism
contribute to anger in Lower Canada?
Unlike Upper:
No
land speculators
Settled for 200 years = land less fertile/ crops
failCan only feed familiesImport Wheat
from Upper Canada = Economic deficit/ failure
Alternative (forestry) restricted by
Seigneurs
Want to protect language/ religion/ culture form British rule
Fear assimilation through English immigration (become outnumbered)Slide17
Lower Canada
What events anger the French?
1.
1822: -church/ seigneurs
attempt to Unite Upper and Lower Canada and make English official Language Fails
Anger and Betrayal
1832
:Ship brought
Cholera
to Lower Canada
Paranoid – fear Britain is using biological warfareSlide18
Lower Canada
Who is Louis Joseph
Papineau
?
Who is James Craig?
Leader of reform movement
lawyer/ Seigneur
Speaker of Legislative Assembly in 1815Leader of Parti Canadien
1807 –British
G
overnor of Lower Canada
Anti- French , arrested anyone against the governmentClosed reform newspaper “Le Canadien”Slide19
Lower Canada
What are the
92 resolutions
?
What is the British response to the 92 resolutions?
Protesters shot by British soldier in Montreal
Papineau creates “92 resolutions” demanding reform (gives to Governor)
Reply is
3
years later
“10 resolutions” denying rights to Legislative Assembly
Leads to RebellionSlide20
Stop: Answer in small groups
!
Who was a Rebellion leader in Lower Canada?
What was Lower Canada
m
ad about? (why rebel?)
What triggered the Rebellion in 1837?Slide21
Answers
Who was a Rebellion leader in Lower Canada?
Louis Joseph Papineau
What was Lower Canada
m
ad about? (why rebel?)
Government not representative (
english
minority),or responsible (veto power)
Fear of losing Language / religion / culture
Economic difficulties and upper class (seigneurs) don’t allow access to lumber for more $
What triggered the Rebellion in 1837?
92 resolutions are ignored, then denied by British Gov.Slide22
Assignment
Complete a Venn Diagram comparing the
CAUSES of the Rebellions
in Upper and Lower Canada (what were they upset about?)
READ p. 73 – 76 (including the Comic) and fill out the timeline of WHAT HAPPENED in the rebellions in both Upper and Lower Canada
THIS IS DUE NEXT CLASS