Aristotle we are social animals John Donne No man is an island entire of itself Cast Away amp Wilson We seem to have a fear of being alone Ostracism being kicked out or shunned ID: 699084
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Slide1
Emotion
Unit 8BSlide2
Intro
Belonging matters
Aristotle – we are “social animals”
John Donne – “No man is an island, entire of itself”Cast Away & WilsonWe seem to have a fear of being aloneOstracism – being kicked out or shunnedToday – maybe just not allowed in the group. If not allowed……depression leads to changes to try to get in the group……then to withdrawal where person pulls away“Brain pain” socially is like physical painPain says “Something’s wrong, do something!”Slide3
Three emotion theories
Question: which is first, your body’s reaction or the feeling of emotion?
1.
James-Lange theoryPhysical reaction, then feel emotion2. Cannon-Bard theoryIt’s simultaneous3. Singer-Schacter two-factor theoryPhysical reaction, then you label it, then feel emotionSlide4
Nervous system
ANS
–
autonomic nervous system – runs on its ownSub-categories: sympathetic & parasympatheticSympathetic hypes you up for the situationParasympathetic calms you downRemember the mnemonic of witnessing a car crash?Sympathetic – fight-or-flight instinct is at playUp: pulse, BP, blood sugar, epinephrine, norepinephrine, respiration, perspiration, pupils dilate, blood to coreDown: digestion, blood to extremitiesParasympathetic – oppositesSlide5
Cognition matters with emotion
If you see joy, you feel joy
If you see testiness, you feel testy
This supports the 2-factor theory……physical + label = emotionIt can come AFTERWARDS…flash pics feel emotionsTwo patterns…1. high road: sense thalamus sensory cortex prefrontal cortex amygdala emotionYou think about it2. low road
: sense amygdala emotion
It’s instinct
Exp.: flashed happy or fearful eyes…fearful went straight to amygdalaSlide6
Body language (BL)
Face tells all, even involuntarily via micro-expressions. Most important…
…eyes and mouth
Lie detecting – correct only 54% of the time via BLEmails & texts strip away BL (BL is important!)Extroverts better at showing emotions; introverts better at reading themGender“Women‘s intuition” may be realWomen have better perception, depth of emotions, except for……anger. Exp.: gender-neutral person…angry = male; smiling = femaleSlide7
Culture
Women show emotions more
Paul Ekman
IDs 6 emotions (remember “Inside Out”)……happy, fear, sadness, anger, disgust, surpriseThey are: universal across culture, age, even blindWest: shows more emotions than EastSlide8
Body & emotion
Facial feedback effect
– based on Wm. James’ idea—if we act that way, we’ll feel that way
Idea is that feelings result from making a facial expression or BLHold pen in teeth happyHold pen in gums sadBotox with no frown happyWalk with slouch – sad Empathy let your face mimic the other personSlide9
Fear
Powerful emotion, can be with anything...
…natural—heights
…unnatural—clowns, number 13Amygdala (limbic system) alerts us, Hey stop!ID twins show similar fears genetics matterSlide10
Anger
Powerful emotion
West (INDIVIDUAL is important)
Catharsis (letting it out) is seen as a good thingNot true leads to more anger!East (GROUP is important)Catharsis is seen as bad b/c is causes discordRemedies:Wait (count to 10)Don’t dwell on itForgiveness……physiological change – BP, pulse, facial tension all drop…inside, it healsSlide11
Happiness
Happy people…
…playful, creative, better self-image, relationships, hopes, marriage, $
Unhappy people……drive social reform, writersFeel-good, do-good phenomenon – when happy, we help outHourly studies – happy in day, sadder in eveningWe have a will to move on……we often underestimate this…sadness is fleeting (it will pass)Slide12Slide13
Cont.
Can $ buy happiness?
YES – to achieve basic needs…food/health
NO – beyond the basics, $ cannot buy happinessLaw of diminishing marginal utility – increasing anything gives less use each timeHappiness likely breeds more $ (Not $ breeds happiness)Most happy people focus on……relationships, growth, community (NOT power, prestige, hungry)Two theories:adaptation level phenomenon – we judge things relative to a neutral level, defined by our experiences (example: music volume)relative deprivation – we compare ourselves to others (can be + or -)Slide14
Stress!!!
How does stress affect us mentally & physically?
Stressor
– event that threatens or challenges usDistress bad stress; but, eustress can be good……it pushes us; short-term jolts immune systemLong-term bad emotionally, physicallyWalter Cannon came up with stress response system…1.
fight-or-flight kicks in……
sympathetic nervous system
goes live
2.
cortisol hormone
…
…lasts longer than
epinephrine
3. others…withdraw from it, “tend & befriend” (women), social withdrawal (men—alcohol, violence)Slide15
Cont.
G.A.S.
– Hans
Seyle – General Adaptation Syndrome (think emergency!)1. Alarm Reaction – “Oh Shoot!” moment, stunned, then SNS kicks in2. Resistance – you deal with situation, body is super-charged3. Exhaustion – body is depleted, collapse, death(?)Life events make stressCan be big events, or little things adding upBodyHigh stress high chance of heart disease
(tax preparer study)Type A personality
– motivated, competitive, intense, verbally abusive, angry increased chance of heart disease
Type B personality
– chill bro’ less heart diseaseSlide16
Body (cont.)
Old term:
psychosomatic
– physical symptom with a mental causeNew term: psychophysiological (due to misuse)Psychoneuroimmunology – stress reduces immune systemCancer – stress doesn’t CAUSE cancer, but hurts immune systemAIDS – stress makes it worse; ABCs of not getting AIDS…A – AbstinenceB – Being faithfulC -- CondomsSlide17
Arousal
How does a person’s arousal level affect performance?
Arousal
– a person’s alertness, preparation for action, or “hypedness”Low arousal = sleepy or sluggishHigh arousal = super pumpedYerkes-Dodson law – optimum arousal yields peak performance Usually on a graph…top of the hump is ideal!Slide18
Cont.
Difficult tasks – low arousal yields peak performance (pitching, diving)
Easy tasks – high arousal yields peak performance (football, running)Slide19
Cont.
Rate your arousal level right now, 1 to 10.
1 is very low…almost asleep
10 is very high…bouncing off the wallsTurn to a neighbor, rate him or her