judyhalereedgmailcom sulliv13duqedu Western PA Human Trafficking Coalition Duquesne University Human Trafficking Training DATE HERE Human Trafficking What is human trafficking How does a trafficker exert control over another person ID: 584581
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Judy Hale Reed, Lauren Sullivanjudy.hale.reed@gmail.com, sulliv13@duq.eduWestern PA Human Trafficking CoalitionDuquesne University Human Trafficking Training[DATE HERE]
Human TraffickingSlide2
What is human trafficking?How does a trafficker exert control over another person?What populations are vulnerable to traffickers?What does human trafficking look like globally, nationally, and in Pittsburgh?What can I do to combat trafficking?
Presentation ObjectivesSlide3
a. Commercial sex acts induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such acts is under 18 years oldb. Recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services using force, fraud, or coercion to subject the individual to involuntary servitudeTrafficking DefinedSlide4
Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000Defined human traffickingMade human trafficking a federal crimeCreated sentencing guidelines for traffickersProvided victims (“survivors”) with access to federal benefits
Trafficking DefinedSlide5
Sex TraffickingAdults: Force, fraud, or coercionMinors: No proof of force, fraud, or coercion requiredLabor Trafficking
Force, fraud, or coercion
Includes Domestic Servitude
Types of TraffickingSlide6
ForceKidnappingPhysical violence, rape, sexual abuse, harassmentConfinement, use of restraintsDenial of food, water, medical care, contraceptives, condoms, communication, etc
Removal of children
Concealment of whereabouts to friends/familySlide7
FraudPromises of immigration or travel documentsRequired to perform work other than agreed uponPromises of salary or compensation that never materializesMisrepresentation of work/conditions of workSlide8
CoercionDebt bondageThreats of serious harm to victim or victim’s friends/familyTrafficker controls victim’s contact with friends/familyThreatening to use pictures against victim
Withholding documents
Punishment of others
Quotas
Verbal or psychological abuseSlide9
Vulnerable PopulationsMinors – “hello”Homeless, esp. youth, LGBTDrug/alcohol abusersMentally challenged
Uneducated
Cultural background
People without language skills
Former convicts/arresteesSlide10
Vulnerable Pops. - cont“I didn’t believe in police. I really believed what my trafficker said. My trafficker said they would put you in jail; they will send you back…she said in this country, dogs have more rights. And I believe, I believe everything she said because she has been living here a long time, she knows, she speaks English, she has money, everything, and I didn’t have anything.” -”Esperanza”Trafficking SurvivorSlide11
Human Trafficking vs. Alien SmugglingAlien Smuggling
Human Trafficking
Individuals consent to smuggling
Victims do not consent to their situations
Contract ends after border crossing
Forced exploitation of a person for labor/services
Smugglers physically move "customers"
Crime against person's fundamental rights
Always international
Occurs domestically and internationally
Crime against the border
Crime against the personSlide12
Worldwide Stats (2012 TIP Report)20.9 million estimated in forced labor and forced prostitution around the world (ILO)7,206 trafficking prosecutions; 508 labor4,239 trafficking convictions; 237 labor
41,210 victims identifiedSlide13
Western Hemisphere Stats(North, South, Central America, 2012 TIP Report)1,023 trafficking prosecutions; 42 labor
318 trafficking convictions; 52 labor
9,839 victims identifiedSlide14
IndustriesCommercial SexProstitutionDancingPornography
Live sex shows
Brothels
Labor Trafficking
Sweatshop factories
Migrant
agricultural work
Restaurant
work
Hotel/motel
housekeeping
Construction/ Landscaping
Magazine sales
crews
Cattle
and sheep herding
Elder
care facilities
Hair
braiding
Nail salons
Domestic Servitude
Housekeeping
Child rearingSlide15
Different Crimes OverlapUNCLASSIFIEDSlide16
The Victim – U.S. CitizensPush FactorsDiscord at homeHomelessnessMental health
or addiction
problems
Pull Factors
Better paying jobs/pay off debt
“Loving” partner
Availability of drugs/alcohol
Food, shelter, material possessionsSlide17
The Victim – Foreign NationalsPush Factors – Origin/ Transit CountriesWarRepression
Economy
Same issues as domestic victims
Pull Factors – Destination Countries
Better paying jobs/pay off debt
Promises of better life
False
marriages
Recruitment by traffickersSlide18
The Victim – Foreign NationalsVulnerable Visa Pattern 1Recruiter in home countryPromised income
Debt in exchange for visa
Debt manipulated
Harsh conditions
Deportation threats
Vulnerable Visa
Pattern 2
Recruiter as visa
is expiring/overstay
Promised
visa extension
Debt
in exchange for extension
Identity
documents taken
Deportation
threats
Harsh
conditionsSlide19
IndicatorsWas the victim recruited for one job but forced to engage in a different job?Was the victim a juvenile?Was the victim compelled to perform sexual acts?Did the victim have freedom of movement?
Did the victim have contact with family or friends?Slide20
Indicators - cont.Was the victim deprived of food, water, sleep, medical care, or other necessities?Was the victim or victim’s family threatened if the victim attempted to flee?
Was the victim threatened with deportation or law enforcement action?
Was the victim’s salary garnished to pay debts?
Was the victim in possession of identification documents?Slide21
Western PA Human Trafficking CoalitionThe coalition is a victim-focused, collaborative effort between social service organizations, government agencies, advocacy groups, religious organizations, academia, concerned citizens, and law enforcement to combat human traffickingSlide22
Western PA Human Trafficking CoalitionMission: develop and maintain a network of people and agencies to educate the community about human trafficking and to provide and coordinate emergent support to survivors.Slide23
Western PA Human Trafficking CoalitionFoodLodgingClothingPhysical healthcare
Mental healthcare
Legal assistance
Language/ESL classes
TransportationSlide24
Contact Information-NonprofitsPolaris Project1-888-3737-888Confidential help and information 24/7http://www.polarisproject.org
Project to End Human Trafficking
412-578-6478
http://www.endhumantrafficking.orgSlide25
Contact Information-Gov. AgenciesFBI Pittsburgh Civil Rights Hotline412-432-4122Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)
1-866-347-2423
http://www.dhs.gov/humantrafficking
In an emergency, call 911Slide26
“I freed a thousand slaves, I could have freed a thousand more if only they knew they were slaves.”-Harriet TubmanSlide27
ConclusionHuman trafficking is a growing problem in Pittsburgh and throughout the worldA unified approach is necessary to identify victims and investigate/prosecute traffickersQuestions?