Understand the general anatomy of male and female reproductive systems including where and how gametes are formed Understand that gametes are haploid 1n and normal cells are diploid 2n What is the menstrual cycle ID: 626969
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Slide1
Reproductive systemSlide2
Learning objectives
Understand the general anatomy of male and female reproductive systems including where and how gametes are formed.
Understand that gametes are haploid (1n) and normal cells are diploid (2n).
What is the menstrual cycle?
Understand the basics of fertilization.
Only one sperm is allowed to fertilize the egg.
Gastrulation organizes the body into 3 layers, and 3 types of cell.
Apoptosis = programmed cell death –
helps sculpt bodySlide3
Human Life Cycle
Haploid
DiploidSlide4
The
Reproducti
v
e System
•
Ge
n
er
a
l
struct
u
re:
-
Pair of gonads
- Accessory organs, ducts, hormones, etc.Slide5
Male
Reproducti
v
e
Sy
s
tem
•
T
estes
(g
o
n
a
ds)
–produce sperm,secrete hormonesDescend in
to scrotum for temperature regulation (sperm need 95°F)
•Slide6
p
e
l
vic
gi
r
d
l
e
u
rinar
ybla
dderscrotumSlide7
•
Sp
e
rm
form in
semi
n
if
e
ro
u
s tu
b
ul
e
sTravel to ep
ididymis to matureMove through•
•
vas
d
e
fer
e
ns,
thr
o
u
g
h
ej
a
cula
t
ory
d
u
ct,
i
n
to
ur
e
t
h
ra
V
as
D
e
f
e
r
en
s
E
j
ac
u
l
at
o
r
y
Du
ct
E
pididymis
U
r
e
th
r
a
T
e
s
tis
Semini
f
e
r
ous
T
ub
u
leSlide8
Sp
e
rm
(150-350 million)
mixed
with
secretio
n
s
fro
m:
Semin
al vesicle
Protects sperm from female immune systemfructose for energyProstate buffer to neutralize acidity of vagina
Bulbourethral glandsmucous-rich fluid that neutralizes urine
Mixture
is
call
e
d sem
e
n Slide9
How
do
sperm
fo
r
m?
mi
t
osis
mei
o
s
i
s
I
meiosis IIwall
of
semini
f
e
r
o
u
s
t
ubu
le
imm
a
t
u
r
e
s
p
erm
(h
apl
o
id)
e
a
rly
s
p
erm
a
tids
s
p
erm
at
o
g
o
n
ium
(d
ipl
o
id)
p
rima
r
y
s
p
erm
at
o
c
y
te
late spermatid
secondaryspermatocyteSlide10
•
H
u
man
sem
i
nifero
u
s
tubule
(in testicl
e) fil
led with
spermSlide11
Mature
Sperm
•
He
a
d:
Nucle
u
s with DNA,
cover
e
d
with
enzyme-containing cap
Midpiece: Mitochondria to supply energy•
•
T
a
i
l: Pro
p
e
l
s sperm
f
o
rward
H
e
ad
Mid
p
i
e
c
e
T
ailSlide12
•
Human
sperm seen
through a
T
ransmiss
i
on
E
l
ectron Micro
scope (T
EM)Slide13
Female Reproducti
v
e
Sy
s
tem
Respons
i
b
ili
t
y: Protect & nurt
ure developingo
ffspring
from conception
to birth••Ovaries (gonads) produce
eggs, release sex hormonesSlide14
•
From
ovar
y
,
e
g
g
m
o
ves
to ovid
u
ct (fertilization
occurs here)Then, egg travels to uterus which is lined with en
dome
tri
u
m
L
o
wer
u
t
er
u
s call
e
d
cervix
V
a
g
i
n
a
con
n
ects
cervix
to o
u
tside
•
•
•
O
v
a
r
y
Ovid
u
ct
U
t
e
rus
Ce
r
vix
Blad
d
e
r
V
aginaSlide15
Menstrual
CycleSlide16
•
New
b
orn
h
a
s ~2
mi
l
li
o
n
primary
oocytes
Oocyte
+ nourishing cells = follicleImmature eggs mature 1
at a timeOnly 3-400 willmatureContinues u
ntil
menopause
•
•
•
•Slide17
“The
p
e
n
i
s a
n
d vag
i
na
are mechanically
comp
atib
le for sexual in
tercourse,whichmaylead
topregnancy”Adzuki Bean Beetle Copulatory Org
anSlide18
Birds
do
i
t,
bees
do
it…
•
•
=
Coi
t
us,
copulationErection – pe
nis stiffens and lengthens due to dilated blood vess
els a
n
d
p
o
o
li
n
g b
l
o
o
d
Ej
a
cula
t
ion
– forcef
u
l
exp
u
lsion
of se
m
en
•Slide19
•
M
u
scle
con
t
racti
o
ns
in
ut
erus m
ove sperm int
o oviduct
If ovulation has•recently
occurredoccurs soon, eggmay be fertilizedor
S
p
erm
e
ntering
an ov
i
duct
(
SE
M
x
5
0
0)Slide20Slide21Slide22
Fertilizat
i
on
•
Sperm
ent
e
rs egg
Zygote
is form
e
d
after a series of steps•
haploid egg andsperm nucleiSlide23
Early
Human
De
v
elopment
(1
st
•
Egg
+ sperm
= z
y
g
otecell)•Zygote develo
ps via cleavage into morulaSlide24
Growth
M
o
ru
l
a
b
e
com
e
s
embryo
Amnion
surrounds
Placenta
starts to formCalled fetus at 9weeksof
theBaby•••it
•Slide25
•
Gastr
u
l
a
ti
o
n
or
g
a
n
izes
cells into
germ
layers: ectoderm, mesod
erm, & endodermSlide26
•
Cells
go
thr
o
u
g
h
di
f
fer
entiat
ion (g
et the
ir jobs)Organs & tissues form bymorphogen
esisCells grow and migrate••Slide27
•
Organs
gr
o
w
i
n size
Apo
p
tosis
helps
to sculp
t some b
ody pa
rts•