ADAM CLEMENTS 27 FEBRUARY 2016 INTRODUCTION 80 COLORADO SPECIES BIODIVERSITY PlaneLeaf Willow Salix planifolia Raunkier Life Form Phanerophyte Shrub Dioecious Produces Catkins Seeds Fluffy amp Only Viable for 1 Week ID: 678680
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Slide1
WILLOW CARR BIOMASS vs. STREAM OBSTRUCTION
ADAM CLEMENTS
27 FEBRUARY 2016Slide2
INTRODUCTION
80%
COLORADO SPECIES BIO-DIVERSITYSlide3
Plane-Leaf Willow
Salix
planifolia
Raunkier
Life Form:
Phanerophyte
(Shrub)Dioecious; Produces Catkins, Seeds = Fluffy & Only Viable for ~ 1 WeekClimax Community (UCHYTIL, 1991)
Obtained from: http
://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SAPL2 on 24 February 2016.
IDENTIFICATIONHeight: 0.4 – 5 meters tallBark: Grey when older, and Purple/Black when youngLeaves:ShinyDark GreenGlabrous Top (Hairless)Glaucous Bottom (White Waxiness)Margins RevoluteNot Usually Toothed (Kittel, 2003)Slide4
Mountain Willow
Salix
monticola
Raunkier
Life Form:
Phanerophyte
(Shrub)Dioecious; Flowers are Bee Pollinated, Fruit = Many Spores, Viable for ~ 1 WeekGrowth: Forms Dense ThicketsEarly Successional
(Esser, 1992)
Obtained from: http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=SAMO2 on 24 February 2016.
IDENTIFICATIONHeight: 2.5 – 5 meters tallBark: Yellow to Yellow – Green, Dry is BlackLeaves:Elliptical (Oblong)Bases RoundedGlaucous Bottom (White Waxiness)Crenate-Serrate (Toothed) (Kittel, 2003)Slide5
METHODS
2 m x 2m
HEIGHT
CIRCUM.
BANK ASPECT
1
50
51
100
5 m
2 m
No. INDIVIDUALS / SPECIES
2900 METERS
2885 METERS
FIRST TRANSECT
FLOW
FOUR
TRANSECTS ACROSS
TWO
SITESSlide6
METHODS
A
B
CSlide7
METHODS
LEFT: Mountain Research Station downstream transect just before it crosses Como Creek.
ABOVE: Caribou Creek willow
carr
extending beyond the end of the downstream transect.Slide8
ANALYSIS
BELOW: This photo is the Mountain Research Station upstream transect looking upstream from the midpoint across to small side drainages. The grade down which the stream flows at this point is about
8%
... Very steep to establish many willows. Slide9
ANALYSIS
MONTANE
SE
MEAN
=
1.1E+07
SE
MEAN
=6.4E+06 Slide10
ANALYSIS
P = 0.061
AVG. HT. LOW = 180.6 cm
AVG. HT. UP = 77.3 cmSlide11
DISCUSSION
MECHANISMS
BEAVER DAMS BLOCK UP WATER CHANNELS
WATER TABLE KNOWN TO AFFECT WILLOW PROLIFERANCEYELLOWSTONE WILLOW/BEAVER/MOOSE/WOLF STUDYSlide12
DISCUSSION
COLORADO
RMNP WILLOW CARR
EXCLOSURES (Cooper et al., 2008)BOULDER COUNTY WILLOW CARR SURVEY (
Hallock
et al., 1986)
COLORADO MOOSE REINTRODUCTION CA. 1978‘CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITATS’ PROGRAM (Boulder County, 2013)Slide13
QUESTIONS?Slide14
REFERENCES
Boulder County. 2013. Critical Wildlife Habitat Criteria & Summary List.
Boulder County Comprehensive Plan Environmental
Resources
Element. http://
www.bouldercounty.org/doc/landuse/bccp-whabitat-criteria.pdf. Accessed 02 February 2016.
Cooper, D. 2008. Prioritization of riparian restoration projects in the Kawunechee Valley at Rocky Mountain National
Park using wildlife exclusion fencing. Research for Rocky Mountain National Park.
June: 6. http://irmafiles.nps.gov/reference/holding/426585. Accessed 02 February 2016.Esser, L. 1992. Salix monticola. In: Fire Effects Information System,
[Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/. Accessed 24 February 2016.Hallock, D., Lederer, N., Figgs, M. 1986. Ecology, Status, and Avifauna of Willow Carrs in Boulder County. Boulder County Nature Association. Publication 4. https://www-static.bouldercolorado.gov/docs/281_Hallock_Dave_Ecology-1- 201307091437.pdf. Accessed 02 February 2016. Kittel, G. 2003. A Vegetative Key to the Willows of Colorado: A Preponderance of the Evidence. http:// www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/PDF/Plant%20Keys/Salix_Veg_Key.pdf. Accessed 24 February 2016.Uchytil, R. J. 1991. Salix planifolia. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). http://www.fs.fed.us/database/ feis/. Accessed 24 February 2016.Slide15
REFERENCES
Colorado Parks and Wildlife. 2013. Moose Reintroduction
Fact Sheet.
https
://
cpw.state.co.us/Documents/WildlifeSpecies/Mammals/MooseReintroductionFactSheet.pdf. Accessed 24 February 2016.
Dybas, C. 2013. Yellowstone Ecosystem Needs Wolves and Willows, Elk and...Beavers? National Science Foundation. http
://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?org=NSF&cntn_id=126853&preview=false. Accessed 02 February 2016.Hurst, B. 2008. The American Beaver. Colorado Riparian Association. http://coloradoriparian.org
/the-american-beaver/. Accessed 24 February 2016. Malone, D., Stevens, J., and Culver, D. 2011. Survey of critical wetlands of Gilpin County, CO. Colorado Natural Heritage Program. June: 1-177
. http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/download/documents/2011/Gilpin_Wetland_and_Riparian_Survey_Report.pdf. Accessed 02 February 2016. R Core Team (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.Theodolite for IPhone. Hunter Research & Technology LLC. Version 5.0. Accessed 19-20 February 2016.