Smart PIGs in Pipes Dr Ying Huang Associate Professor Shuomang Shi Ph D student Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering NDSU Introduction of Pipes Pipe transports ID: 1044953
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1. NATURE Sunday Academy 2020-21Smart “PIGs” in Pipes Dr. Ying Huang, Associate ProfessorShuomang Shi, Ph. D studentDepartment of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, NDSU
2. Introduction of PipesPipe transports:Water to each household (Material made: PVC, steel)Wastewater to the wastewater treatment plant (sewer pipe) (Material made: PVC, steel)Chemicals to the farm and needed business (Material made: PVC, steel)Other liquids (Material made: steel)* Photos are obtained from Google, the copy rights of the photos retain to the original sites
3. Introduction of Pipe Health ConditionsChemical reaction induced damages such as corrosion and erosionMechanical force induced damages such as scratches, cracks, dents, disbonded coating, holes, etc. Very important to inspect the pipe timely to ensure their safety* Photos are obtained from Google, the copy rights of the photos retain to the original sites
4. Introduction of PIGsWhat it is a PIG?Smart PIG --- pipe cleaning, dewatering, and inspection toolWhy is it called a smart pig?The term ‘pig’ came about in two different ways. The original pipe pigs of straw wrapped in wire made a squealing noise as they moved down the Pipe. They sounded like a pig. The other is an acronym for Pipe Inspection Gauge (PIG).Types and Functions of PIGs:Cleaning long-term wax and dirt Observing of the working condition of inner-pipe wallsLocating and initiate analysis of defects with embedded sensors* Photos are obtained from Google, the copy rights of the photos retain to the original sites
5. Introduction of PIGsComposition of PIGsMain body (main axis)Cleaning disc (rubber plates)Motion unite (Thrust motor/Pressure)Attached sensors (camera, acoustic, optical)1234Watch a video: 5 minutes* Photos are obtained from Google, the copy rights of the photos retain to the original sitesThis project focuses on the use of a Camera PIG!http://news.mit.edu/2017/robot-finds-leaks-water-pipes-0718https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7PIjp2exikhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irK5MOs4HQc
6. Introduction of Pipe Maintenance PlanM Level 1: Frequency of future inspection (Smart PIGs running schedule) [In case of eligible damages]Very important to inspect the pipe timely to ensure their safetyM Level 2: Frequency of dewatering and cleaning service [In case of small damages but to reduce damage accumulation]M Level 3: Waxing or recoating to reduce future damages [In case of small damages but to reduce future damage]M Level 4: Full or partial replacement of the pipe [In case of serious damages such as holes]Depending on the results from the Smart PIG inspection, maintenance plan can be determined in different levels of responding actions:
7. Introduction of This ProjectGoals of this project: - How pipe works for transporting water, and wastewater, etc.;- What typical damages pipes suffer under practical use conditions;- What is smart pig and why smart pigs are needed; - What types of smart pigs and how does smart pigs work for pipe inspection; - How to use the technologies in smart PIG to develop maintenance plans for pipes;- How to improve the safety of pipe operations and why it is important to maintain a pipes in a good health condition.
8. Lesson PlanThe 4-hour long active learning STEM modules will include four lessons: Lesson 1 (45 minutes): Presentations on water/wastewater pipes, smart PIGs. Fact Sheet-1 with fun facts of pipes and smart PIGs will be provided. Some questions will be given at the end of the Fact Sheet-1. Answering Fact Sheet-1 questions will get rewarded with stickers 1) Presentations/videos of the smart pigs; 2) Introducing the lessons and rules of activities (emphasize safety rules); 3) Question answering; 4) Dividing students into teams.Break: 15 minutes
9. Lesson PlanThe 4-hour long active learning STEM modules will include four lessons: Lesson 2 (45 minutes): Creating different surface conditions on pipes. The students will need to create three different damages on the inner surfaces of the PVC pipes using provided tools or guided chemical reactions for demonstrating how damages are initialized inside a pipe. Fact Sheet-2 with facts of pipe damages will be provided. Some questions will be given at the end of the Fact Sheet-2. Answering Fact Sheet-2 questions will get rewarded with small pins. 1) Dividing into teams with four members per team (2-6 teams) and deciding the Team name (each team needs a team name);2) Selecting one size of the pipe the team and one type of fittings the team would like to work with and taking two 2-ft pipes and one fitting to the team work space; 3) Making three types of damages inside the PVC pipes (examples shown below) or the combination of the damages for at least 6 damages on the two pipes: --First damage (Damage #1) is made by using one course grinding to make a rough surface on the inner surface of the pipe, the level of grinding can be selected from the available four levels provided and using another paint color (color 1) to mark this damage;
10. Demo on Lesson 2Use sand papers to make damage type #1.Select 1 grade of sand paper from 5 grades (extra course, course, medium course, fine, extra fine). Then mill the inner-surface of PVC pips to make rough surface area. Use the washable paint to mark the damage as #1.
11. Lesson PlanThe 4-hour long active learning STEM modules will include four lessons: Lesson 2 (45 minutes): Creating different surface conditions on pipes. 3) Making three types of damages inside the PVC pipes: --Second damage (Damage #2) is made using an electrical drill using different sizes of drill heads to be selected to make different sizes of damages (maybe small-sized holes) and using a different color to mark it (color 2); -- Third damage (Damage #3) is made by using acetone chemically reacting with PVC inner surface, after the damage made, using one certain paint color (color 3) to mark this damage, leaving the acetone on during lunch break.-- More damages can be made with combinations of these three tools if more time than needed.4) Connecting the two pipes with damages by the selected fitting and naming (team name) the made connected pipes using the provided paint;5) Switching the made pipes with another team for damage diagnosis.Break: 15 minutesLunch Break
12. Activity ProcedureUse Electrical drill to make damage type #2.Select a drill head from the 10 models, assemble the electric drill, and then make small holes through pipe walls. Then use the washable paint to mark the damage as #2.
13. Activity ProcedureUse Acetone to make chemical reaction on PVC pipeDip a piece of paper sheet into acetone solvent and then place it on the inner-surface of PVC pipes. Let stand for at least 10 min (leaving the acetone on during lunch break) to make complete reaction when obvious grains appear. Then use the washable paint to mark the damage as #3.
14. Lesson PlanThe 4-hour long active learning STEM modules will include four lessons: Lesson 3 (45 minutes): Building smart PIG using DIY robot. Fact Sheet-3 with facts of technologies on a smart PIG will be provided. Some questions will be given at the end of the Fact Sheet-3. Answering Fact Sheet-3 questions will get rewarded with small margent.1) Build the robot with different sizes (two levels of DIY robot vehicles will be available: Level 1 will be the mBot Ranger kit, students can select the shapes they want to build and Level 2 will be for students not successfully built the robot using Level 1, the SunFounder Smart Video Car kit, which has the camera integrated);* Photos are obtained from Google, the copy rights of the photos retain to the original sites
15. Lesson PlanThe 4-hour long active learning STEM modules will include four lessons: Lesson 3 (45 minutes): Building smart PIG using DIY robot. 2) Install the camera;3) Adjust the camera positions to best picture taken inside pipes;4) Documenting the locations, size, and types of the made damages on pipes from other team using rulers and smart phones with pictures for comparison;5) Documenting the locations, size, and types of the made damages on long pipes provided by the instructor using rulers and smart phones with pictures for comparison.Break: 15 minutes
16. Lesson PlanThe 4-hour long active learning STEM modules will include four lessons: Lesson 4 (45 minutes): Inspecting pipe conditions using the built smart PIGS and developing a maintenance plan for pipes. Fact Sheet-4 with facts of pipe maintenance plan according to different damages will be provided. The maintenance plan developed can refer to these facts. Some questions will be given at the end of the Fact Sheet-4. Answering Fact Sheet-4 questions will get rewarded with pencils.1) Completing the installation and adjustment of the camera if not done yet in Lesson 4 (separate LED lights will be provided to investigate the influence of different levels of LED lights for images to above-average students if needed and have extra time);2) Program the DIY robot and run the robot inside the pipes;3) Taking pictures using the built robot in Lesson 3 for the damages inside the three pipes with made damages in Lesson 2;4) Analyzing the pictures to determine different damages;5) Comparing the determined damages with the documents made by the team who made the damages to check how the technologies work;6) Developing a pipe maintenance plans based on the pictures taken for the pipe conditions.Break: 15 minutesEnd of Lessons
17. Materials NeedLesson 1: Computer and project to facilitate the presentation and educational videos about background of pipes and smart PIGs; Lesson 2: 1) Two PVC pipes (two different sizes including 8 inches diameter and 2-ft long, and 10 inches diameter and 2-ft long); 2) PVC fittings (several different fittings such as elbow, T, or others available) connecting the two PVC pipes; 3) Acetone; 4) Washable paint with different colors and paint brushes; 5) Different levels of grinding (4 levels); and 6) electrical drill powered by battery (with different size of drill head). Lesson 3: Option 1, DIY robot vehicles “mBot Ranger kit”, and Wi-Fi camera with smartphone app; glue to attach the camera to the robot; Option 2, DIY smart video car kits which consist ranging and inspecting components.Lesson 4: Smart phones/pad for photographic needs; and 2) Long pipe samples with known made damages for inspection.All the needed materials for this project will be provided by the lesson author. However, the supports of computer, project, and Wi-Fi, and other facility supports are needed to be provided by the lesson facilitating sites.
18. AcknowledgmentsGrant#: CMMI-1750316Grant#: 693JK31850008CAAP
19. Questions?Contact: Dr. Ying Huang, Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department, North Dakota State University (contact email: ying.huang@ndsu.edu, CIE201F, NDSU.);Shuomang Shi (Ph. D. student at NDSU, shuomang.shi@ndsu.edu) .