CHOLERA Do you suspect u have cholera? - PowerPoint Presentation

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CHOLERA

Do you suspect u have cholera?

CHOLERA

Cholera is a serious disease affecting both children and adults.

It is caused by eating or drinking food or water that is contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

It

is an acute secretory diarrheal illness caused by toxin-producing strains of the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

CHOLERA

STATISTICS

Researchers have estimated that every year, there are 1.3 to 4.0 million cases of cholera, and 21 000 to 143 000 deaths worldwide due to CHOLERA infection.

The typical incubation period of Cholera is one to two days. The incubation period of cholera is affected by the host’s vulnerability susceptibility and inoculum size. It can take

between 12 hours and 5 days for a person to show symptoms.

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

Do you have severe watery diarrhoea with or without vomiting?

Cholera infection can cause a range

of symptoms of the disease ranging from asymptomatic to severe illness. In the early phases of disease, abdominal discomfort, cramping and vomiting are other common symptoms.

Vomiting, may begin either before or after the onset of diarrhoea.

Cholera will then cause acute watery diarrhoea with dehydration.

In severe cholera as the disease progresses "cholera gravis" the characteristic symptom is the passing of profuse "rice-water" stool, which is a watery stool with flecks of mucous. It typically has a fishy odour. The diarrhoea is usually painless.

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

Quantity of stool output in severe cases:

In

adults

, the maximal rate of stool excretion can be up to 1 litre/hour.

In children, the maximal rate of stool excretion can be between 10ml and 20 ml/kg/hour.Within 24 hours from the initial onset of vomiting and diarrhoea there is rapid development of hypovolemic shock.Hypovolemic shock is a dangerous condition that happens when you suddenly lose a lot of blood or fluids from your body.

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

Patients with severe hypovolemia may have:

Sunken eyes,

Dry mouth,

Cold clammy skin,

Decreased skin turgor; can be checked by  pulling up the skin on the back of the hand for an adult or on the skin on the abdomen for a child for a few seconds. If the skin does not return to its original state, it is an indication of decreased skin turgor, caused by dehydration. DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

“Washer woman's hands“;

wrinkled hands and feet

Apathy,

Lethargy,

Kussmaul breathing; fast deep breathingPeripheral pulse is rapid and thready, Muscle cramping and weakness.DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

TAKE ACTION

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and clean water every time you use the toilet.

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

Making safe clean water for cleaning using household bleach

Prepare a solution for cleaning using:

PREPARING A

CLEANING SOLUTION

1 measure of bleach

and add it to

9 measures of clean water.

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

Clean any surfaces and toilets every time you use the area using the solution prepared of 1 measure of bleach + 9 measures of clean water.

CLEAN SURFACES

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

Keep hydrated and drink an oral rehydration solution.

DRINK WATER

DO YOU SUSPECT YOU HAVE CHOLERA?

Visit a health clinic and continue drinking the oral rehydration solution continuously.

RUSH TO HEALTH CLINIC