Dairy farming Hog and pig farming Sheep and goat farming Poultry and egg production Animal aquaculture Sheep and Goat Production Breeds Production systems Management practices Breeding sheep and goats ID: 1041842
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Livestock Production Cattle ranching and..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1.
2. Livestock ProductionCattle ranching and farmingDairy farmingHog and pig farmingSheep and goat farmingPoultry and egg productionAnimal aquaculture
3. Sheep and Goat Production BreedsProduction systemsManagement practicesBreeding sheep and goatsWool DiseasesImportance of sheep and goat production
4. Sheep Breeds (wool)MerinoMost dominant breed in the industry worldwideVery fine fleecesHardy, long-lived sheepTypically smaller and slower-growingRambouilletLarger and faster growing than MerinoDominant range ewe in Western U.S. and TXDeveloped by King Louis XVI
5. Sheep Breeds (crossbred wool breed)ColumbiaCross breed between Lincoln rams and Rambouillet ramsLargest of crossbred breedsCoarser wool than Rambouillets
6. Sheep Breeds (meat breeds)HampshireSired for rapid growth and muscularityOne of the most popular sire breeds in commercial sheep productionSouthdownOne of the oldest sheep breedsProduce meaty, lightweight carcassesLow maintenance breed
7. Sheep Breeds (meat breeds)SuffolkVery old breed used as a sire breed in commercial productionRapid growthProduce lean, muscular carcasses
8. Goat Breeds Goats can be bred for:WoolMeatMilk
9. Goat BreedsAngoraProduces mohair (world’s finest and most valuable hair)Sheared twice a yearProduced by kid goats (hair gets coarser as they age)Managed primarily under range conditions
10. Goat BreedsBoerHardy, fast growing goat produced for meatGood spring of rib, body length, and muscle tone
11. Goat BreedsSpanish Goat‘spanish goat’ is used interchangeably with meat goatMixed breed originMostly kept for meat productionHigh variability in appearance
12. Goat BreedsNubianMost popular breed of registered dairy goat in the U.S.High butterfat, but does not produce as much milk as some other breedsSometimes referred to as the “Jersey of milk goats”
13. Sheep Production SystemsIntensive Management SystemsFarm flock operationsLamb feedlot Extensive Management SystemsSouthwestern range operationsNorthwestern range operations
14. Farm-flock OperationsCommon in the MidwestSmaller in size – part of a diversified farming operationPrimarily concerned with lamb productionMaternal lines for prolific and heavy milking are mated to sire lines for fast growing and muscular carcasses to maximize pounds of high quality market lambs
15.
16. Lamb FeedlotIntensively managed system where lambs are concentrated in a small area and fed diets that vary from 30-90% concentrate (either corn or milo)All of the feed is harvested then brought directly to the lambColorado is the leading lamb state
17.
18. Southwestern Range OperationsUsually use fine-wool type ewesSheep are adaptable to the environmental conditionsProduce high quality fine-wool fleeces and fast growing lambsMajor impact factors: RainfallPredatorsPrices for lambs and wool
19.
20. Northwestern Range OperationsGreater abundance of feed than the SouthwestLarger, coarser-fleeced ewes usedFlocks produce a greater number of lambs per eweOften graze federal lands managed by the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management
21.
22. Goat Production SystemsHair ProductionAngora (mohair) CashmereMeat ProductionNo grading system for meat goats, so there is great inconsistency in productDairy Goat ProductionVery intensively managed system that mimics the dairy cattle industry
23. Hair Production
24. Meat Production
25. Dairy Goat Production
26. Common Management PracticesRange vs. Shed Lambing/KiddingDocking & CastrationCrutching/FacingDrenching/SprayingPredator controlHerding
27. Range vs. Shed Lambing/KiddingRangeEwes and nannies generally lamb/kid easily on the range without assistanceGenetics and nutrition are priorities to make sure problems with dystocia are minimizedShedEwes and lambs/kids are brought into a barn and put in ‘jugs’ until they are properly bondedMore labor and expenses in facilities are requiredAllows for closer monitoring for health problems
28. Docking and CastrationDocking and castration are best performed at the same time – around 2-4 weeks of ageProcedures are less stressful early in lifeMethods for each procedure:DockingKnifeElastratorEmasculatorElectric dockerCastrationKnifeElastratorBurdizzoAll-in-one castrator
29. Docking and Castration
30. Crutching and FacingCrutching is shearing of wool from the reproductive area and mammary system of ewes before parturitionKeeps area free of dirt and fecal matterFacing is shearing of the wool from the facial areaPrevents obstruction of vision
31. Drenching and SprayingDrenching and spraying are for the removal of internal and external parasites
32. Predator ControlSheep and goats have many predatorsMountain lionsWolvesPutting different animals in the same paddocks or pens can help protect the sheep or goat herdGreat PyreneesDonkeysLlamas
33.
34. HerdingWorking dogsBorder colliesAustralian shepherds
35. How do you age sheep and goats?Use their teeth!All lamb’s teeth are small (baby teeth)Yearlings have two large incisors2 year olds have two sets of large incisors3 year olds have three sets of large incisors4 year olds have a full mouth of large teeth
36. Breeding Sheep Characteristics that are bred:Skeletal correctnessFrameWide chest and ribcageMuscularityFleece (density, fineness, uniformity of grade)
37. Fleece crimp examplesLamb Body Characteristic Areas
38. Wool ProductionShearing – done in the spring and takes 2-3 minutes Grading – sorting wool according to fineness and lengthPackaging – each bale contains ~500 lbsStorage – bales are sampled and processed to determine wool yeildMarketing Manufacturing – sorted and cleaned before being processed into yarn
39. Wool EvaluationWools are classified based on three main factors:YieldGradeStaple lengthOther factors can also include:UniformityColor
40.
41. DiseasesDiseaseCauseSymptomsTreatmentPreventionEnterotoxemiaClostridium perfringens (bacteria)Tumors, convulsions, diarrhea, deathPenicillin, fluids, vitamins, cortisoneVaccinating ewes before lambingSoremouthVirus (transmittable to humans)Scabs around mouth, nostrils, eyes VaccinesTetanusClostridium tetani (bacteria)Stiffness in joints, lockjawVaccinating ewes before lambingCaseous LymphadenitisBacteriaInternal/external abscesses that contain greenish pus, weight loss, poor milk productionIsolate infected animals, shear infected animals lastToxoid vaccineCoccidiosisSlow growth, morbidity, death in someAlleviate stress at weaning/haulingInternal ParasitesHarmonchus contortus (worm)Anemia, weakness, sudden death, bottle jawDeworming, pasture rotationExtenal ParasitesFlies, lice, ticks…Anemia, wool break, twitching, stomping, etc.Ivomec or Ectrin, organophosphatesScrapiePrion protein? (Unclear)Itching, tremors, gait abnormalities, weight loss, prefer salt to fresh waternoneAvoid contact with infected animals – all replacements should come from a scrapie-free source
42. Importance of Sheep and Goat ProductionProvide valuable asset in addressing future food shortagesHigh reproductive rate + ability to utilize otherwise unusable forage sources = valuableComplement to beef cattle: use different proportion of grass, forbes, and browse
43.