/
Chico Cheerleader from LSU Chico Cheerleader from LSU

Chico Cheerleader from LSU - PowerPoint Presentation

ruby
ruby . @ruby
Follow
65 views
Uploaded On 2023-10-04

Chico Cheerleader from LSU - PPT Presentation

Cheerleading coach 7 years ago left quadriplegic after boating accident ASIA A C3C4 Injection Date 82318 The Butterfly Effect noun The phenomenon whereby a minute localized change in a complex system can have large effects elsewhere ID: 1022262

2019 amp cells stem amp 2019 stem cells extracellular vesicles cell mesenchymal derived 2018 exosomes international doi brain communication

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Chico Cheerleader from LSU" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

1. ChicoCheerleader from LSUCheerleading coach7 years ago left quadriplegic after boating accident.ASIA A C3/C4Injection Date 8-23-18

2. The Butterfly Effectnoun“The phenomenon whereby a minute localized change in a complex system can have large effects elsewhere.”Origin1980s: from the notion in chaos theory that a butterfly fluttering in Rio de Janeiro could change the weather in Chicago.The Butterfly Effect. (2004). Poster design by Art Machine. Photography by Peter Tangen.

3. 19-Year-old male. Boating accident 8/2015. Spinal Cord Injury.Multiple prior stem cell injections with bone marrow. Status post cervical fusion C4-C6. All previous injections in the lumbar cistern. Patient had some improvement including new bladder continence with limited ability to ambulate within an exceptional assistance for few steps.

4.

5. Status post scalp injection with PRP and exosomesMajor complaints: AllodyniaExtreme spasticity/TremorsDysautonomia with bladder catheterizationPoor Mobility – Motorized Wheelchair 28-year-old male. Spinal cord injury C4 to C6 on 3-25-16 secondary to motor vehicle accident. C4 Asia C3/21/18 C1/2 Intrathecal and IV Exosomes

6. Pre 5 Weeks Post

7. Jack E DOB 8/3/1998ASIA D secondary to C6 burst fracture during lacrosse practice.12/19/2018: O/C1 3 x 1mL Intrathecal 3 x 5mL IV8/5/2019: 3 x 5mL IV8/6/2019: 4 x 1mL Intrathecal

8. Sean G. – DOB 12/4/1996ASIA A T12 SCI 3/12/2018Status post fall from balcony.(+) Anosmia(+) Concussion(+) Basilar Skull Fracture(+) Left Hip neuropathic burning painBilateral Hip Flexors down 0/55/21/19:3 x 5mL IV Exosomes4 x 1mL Intrathecal Exosomes via LPAugust 20193 x 1mL Intranasal ExosomesSensory ChangesPressure sensation in right buttocksRight thigh (expansion of sensation zone)Right front hipRare left hip painSignificant improvement in smell after intranasal administrationMotor ChangesRight hip flexion: 2+/5 to 3/5Left hip flexion: 2+/5VisceralMore feeling prior to voiding.Knows when to cath.

9. DOB 1/1/2015Drowning 12/30/2017Treated 7/24/19 with Intrathecal and IVIntranasal to follow

10. DOB 6/18/2016Drowning 7/2018Treated 1/3/2019 with intrathecal and IV, intranasal to followIV 3/28/19IT&IV 6/20/2019

11. CNS Disease Co-TreatmentsAcoustic waves (Brainsonix) versus Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation versus Laser Light/InfraredHBOT Spinal Cord StimulationPEMF

12. (2019) ISEV2019 Abstract Book, Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 8:sup1, 1593587, DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1593587Abdel-Gadir, A., Stephen-Victor, E., Gerber, G. K., Rivas, M. N., Wang, S., Harb, H., ... & Secor, W. (2019). Microbiota therapy acts via a regulatory T cell MyD88/RORγt pathway to suppress food allergy. Nature Medicine, 1.Albrecht, D. S., Forsberg, A., Sandström, A., Bergan, C., Kadetoff, D., Protsenko, E., ... & Cervenka, S. (2019). Brain glial activation in fibromyalgia–A multi-site positron emission tomography investigation. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 75, 72-83.Babenko, V. N., Smagin, D. A., Galyamina, A. G., Kovalenko, I. L., & Kudryavtseva, N. N. (2018). Altered Slc25 family gene expression as markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in brain regions under experimental mixed anxiety/depression-like disorder. BMC neuroscience, 19(1), 79.Basurto, E. (2019, April 30). The Gut-Brain Axis: A Predictive Model of Autism Severity Based on Gut Bacteria Counts. Retrieved from https://stimsofjoy.wordpress.com/2019/04/28/the-gut-brain-axis-a-predictive-model-of- autism-severity-based-on-gut-bacteria-counts/Benveniste, H., Liu, X., Koundal, S., Sanggaard, S., Lee, H., & Wardlaw, J. (2019). The glymphatic system and waste clearance with brain aging: a review. Gerontology, 65(2), 106-119.Betzer, O., Perets, N., Angel, A., Motiei, M., Sadan, T., Yadid, G., ... & Popovtzer, R. (2017). In vivo neuroimaging of exosomes using gold nanoparticles. ACS nano, 11(11), 10883-10893.Bollini, S., Smits, A. M., Balbi, C., Lazzarini, E., & Ameri, P. (2018). Triggering endogenous cardiac repair and regeneration via extracellular vesicle-mediated communication. Frontiers in physiology, 9.Borden, A., Kurian, J., Nickoloff, E., Yang, Y., Troupes, C., Ibetti, J., ... & Houser, S. R. (2019). Transient introduction of miR-294 in the heart promotes cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry after injury. Circulation research.Bradley, K. C., Finsterbusch, K., Schnepf, D., Crotta, S., Llorian, M., Davidson, S., ... & Wack, A. (2019). Microbiota-Driven Tonic Interferon Signals in Lung Stromal Cells Protect from Influenza Virus Infection. Cell reports, 28(1), 245-256.Bucan, V., Vaslaitis, D., Peck, C. T., Strauß, S., Vogt, P. M., & Radtke, C. (2019). Effect of exosomes from rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on neurite outgrowth and sciatic nerve regeneration after crush injury. Molecular neurobiology, 56(3), 1812-1824.Buch, S., Liao, K., Niu, F., & Hu, G. (2019). Opioid-mediated release of astrocytic EV miR-23 induces pericyte migration and blood-brain barrier breach. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Burke, J., Kolhe, R., Hunter, M., Isales, C., Hamrick, M., & Fulzele, S. (2016). Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Potential Alternative Therapeutic Agent in Orthopaedics. Stem Cells International, 2016, 1-6. doi:10.1155/2016/5802529 Calias, P., Banks, W. A., Begley, D., Scarpa, M., & Dickson, P. (2014). Intrathecal delivery of protein therapeutics to the brain: a critical reassessment. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 144(2), 114-122.Caplan, A. I., & Dennis, J. E. (2006). Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Trophic Mediators. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 98, 1076-1084. Chatzi, C., Zhang, G., Hendricks, W. D., Chen, Y., Schnell, E., Goodman, R. H., & Westbrook, G. L. (2019). Exercise-induced enhancement of synaptic function triggered by the inverse BAR protein, Mtss1L. eLife, 8, e45920.Chen, B., Gong, L., & Wang, Y. (2019). Human embryonic stem cells derived exosomes promote tissue regeneration in aged mice by rejuvenating senescent endothelial cells. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Chen, C. Y., Rao, S. S., Tan, Y. J., Luo, M. J., Hu, X. K., Yin, H., ... & Wang, Z. X. (2019). Extracellular vesicles from human urine-derived stem cells prevent osteoporosis by transferring CTHRC1 and OPG. Bone Research, 7(1), 18.Chen, Q., Su, C., & Chamley, L. (2019). Placenta extracellular vesicles: a potential protective role against oxidative damage. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Cheng, Z., & He, X. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effect of stem cells against spinal cord injury via regulating macrophage polarization. Journal of Neurorestoratology, Volume 5, 31-38. doi:10.2147/jn.s115696Ching, R. C., & Kingham, P. J. (2015). The role of exosomes in peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural regeneration research, 10(5), 743.Cho, B. S., Kim, J. O., Ha, D. H., & Yi, Y. W. (2019). ASC-EXOSOME as a potential therapeutic for atopic dermatitis. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Cho, D. Y., & Jeun, S. S. (2018). Combination therapy of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and minocycline improves neuronal function in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Stem cell research & therapy, 9(1), 309.Chollet, F., Tardy, J., Albucher, J. F., Thalamas, C., Berard, E., Lamy, C., ... & Guillon, B. (2011). Fluoxetine for motor recovery after acute ischaemic stroke (FLAME): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology, 10(2), 123-130.Coelho, D. S., Schwartz, S., Merino, M. M., Hauert, B., Topfel, B., Tieche, C., ... & Moreno, E. (2018). Culling less fit neurons protects against amyloid-β-induced brain damage and cognitive and motor decline. Cell reports, 25(13), 3661-3673.Cooper, T. M., McKinley, P. S., Seeman, T. E., Choo, T. H., Lee, S., & Sloan, R. P. (2015). Heart rate variability predicts levels of inflammatory markers: Evidence for the vagal anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 49, 94-100.WORKS CITED

13. Cosenza, S., Ruiz, M., Toupet, K., Jorgensen, C., & Noël, D. (2017). Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes and microparticles protect cartilage and bone from degradation in osteoarthritis. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15376-8 Cui, H., Kong, Y., & Zhang, H. (2012). Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging. Journal of signal transduction, 2012.Dohi, E., Rose, I., Imai, T., Mitani, R., Choi, E., Muth, D., … & Kano, S. (2019). Role of circulating extracellular vesicles in brain function and behavior. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Dulken, B. W., Buckley, M. T., Negredo, P. N., Saligrama, N., Cayrol, R., Leeman, D. S., ... & Wyss-Coray, T. (2019). Single-cell analysis reveals T cell infiltration in old neurogenic niches. Nature, 1.Epigenetic Memories are Passed Down 14 Successive Generations, Game-Changing Research Reveals. (2018, October 13). Retrieved from http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/epigenetic-memories-are-passed-down-14- successive-generations-game-changing-reseaFang, M. Y., Markmiller, S., Vu, A. Q., Javaherian, A., Dowdle, W. E., Jolivet, P., ... & Linsley, J. W. (2019). Small-Molecule Modulation of TDP-43 Recruitment to Stress Granules Prevents Persistent TDP-43 Accumulation in ALS/FTD. Neuron.Fang, S., Zhang, H., Lin, Y., & Fu, Q. (2019). Anion exchange chromatographic isolation of iPSC-MSC derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated allergic asthma in mice. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Farrelly, L. A., Thompson, R. E., Zhao, S., Lepack, A. E., Lyu, Y., Bhanu, N. V., ... & Heard, K. J. (2019). Histone serotonylation is a permissive modification that enhances TFIID binding to H3K4me3. Nature, 1.Fisher-Wellman, K. H., & Neufer, P. D. (2012). Linking mitochondrial bioenergetics to insulin resistance via redox biology. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 23(3), 142-153.Furuta, T., Miyaki, S., Ishitobi, H., Ogura, T., Kato, Y., Kamei, N., ... & Ochi, M. (2016). Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes promote fracture healing in a mouse model. Stem cells translational medicine, 5(12), 1620- 1630.Gambacurta, A., Merlini, G., Ruggiero, C., Diedenhofen, G., Battista, N., Bari, M., ... & Maccarrone, M. (2019). Human osteogenic differentiation in Space: proteomic and epigenetic clues to better understand osteoporosis. Scientific reports, 9(1), 8343.Genovese, M. C., Gaylis, N., Sikes, D., Kivitz, A., Horowitz, D. M., Peterfy, C., ... & Chernoff, D. (2019). LB0009 FIRST-IN-HUMAN STUDY OF NOVEL IMPLANTED VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION DEVICE TO TREAT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.Gibbs, W. N., Skalski, M. R., Kim, P. E., Go, J. L., & Law, M. (2017). C1‐2 Puncture: A Safe, Efficacious, and Potentially Underused Technique. Neurographics, 7(1), 1-8.Giloteaux, L., O’Neal, A., Castro-Marrero, J., Grenier, J., & Hanson, M. (2019). Cytokine and miRNA profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles in individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Goncalves, F. D. C., Serafini, M. A., Mello, H. F., Pfaffenseller, B., Araujo, A. B., Visioli, F., & Paz, A. H. (2018). Bioactive factors secreted from mesenchymal stromal cells protect the intestines from experimental colitis in a three-dimensional culture. Cytotherapy, 20(12), 1459-1471.Gong, N. J., Kuzminski, S., Clark, M., Fraser, M., Sundman, M., Guskiewicz, K., ... & Liu, C. (2018). Microstructural alterations of cortical and deep gray matter over a season of high school football revealed by diffusion kurtosis imaging. Neurobiology of disease, 119, 79-87.Gou, S., Perets, N., Betzer, O., Ben-Shaul, S., Sheinin, A., Michaelevski, I., … & Levenberg, S. (2019). Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes loaded with PTEN siRNA repairs complete spinal cord injury. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Grange, C., Tapparo, M., Bruno, S., Chatterjee, D., Quesenberry, P. J., Tetta, C., & Camussi, G. (2014). Biodistribution of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in a model of acute kidney injury monitored by optical imaging. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 33(5), 1055-1063. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2014.1663Hanson, L. R., & Frey, W. H. (2008). Intranasal delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier to target therapeutic agents to the central nervous system and treat neurodegenerative disease. BMC neuroscience, 9(3), S5.Hellmuth, J., Rabinovici, G. D., & Miller, B. L. (2019). The Rise of Pseudomedicine for Dementia and Brain Health. JAMA.Henke, M. T., Kenny, D. J., Cassilly, C. D., Vlamakis, H., Xavier, R. J., & Clardy, J. (2019). Ruminococcus gnavus, a member of the human gut microbiome associated with Crohn’s disease, produces an inflammatory polysaccharide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(26), 12672-12677.Hofer, H. R., & Tuan, R. S. (2016). Secreted trophic factors of mesenchymal stem cells support neurovascular and musculoskeletal therapies. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 7(1). doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0394-0 Hughes, V. (2014). Epigenetics: The sins of the father. Nature, 507(7490), 22-24. doi:10.1038/507022aHur, J. W., Cho, T., Park, D., Lee, J., Park, J., & Chung, Y. (2015). Intrathecal transplantation of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for treating spinal cord injury: A human trial. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 39(6), 655-664. doi:10.1179/2045772315y.0000000048Islam, M. A., Xu, Y., Tao, W., Ubellacker, J. M., Lim, M., Aum, D., ... & Cao, W. (2018). Restoration of tumour-growth suppression in vivo via systemic nanoparticle-mediated delivery of PTEN mRNA. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2(11), 850.Jha A. (2011) ASIA Impairment Scale. In: Kreutzer J.S., DeLuca J., Caplan B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NYWORKS CITED

14. Jing Qu and Huanxiang Zhang, “Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury,” Stem Cells International, vol. 2017, Article ID 5251313, 12 pages, 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/5251313Jung, K. J., Lee, K. W., Park, C. H., Lee, T. J., Kim, J. Y., Sung, E. G., ... & Song, I. H. (2019). Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Oxidative Stress in the Bowels of Interleukin-10 Knockout Mice. Gut and liver.Jutras, B. L., Lochhead, R. B., Kloos, Z. A., Biboy, J., Strle, K., Booth, C. J., ... & Bockenstedt, L. K. (2019). Borrelia burgdorferi peptidoglycan is a persistent antigen in patients with Lyme arthritis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201904170.Kadam, P., Ntemou, E., Baert, Y., Laere, S. V., Saen, D. V., & Goossens, E. (2018). Co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improves spermatogonial stem cell transplantation efficiency in mice. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 9(1). doi:10.1186/s13287-018-1065-0Kaisanlahti, A., Samoylenko, A., Bart, G., Korvala, J., Rytkonen, A., Zhyvolozhnyi, A., … & Reunanen, J. (2019). Extracellular vesicles of the human gut microbiota do you hear me host? Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Kalhori, Z., Azadbakht, M., Mehranjani, M. S., & Shariatzadeh, M. A. (2018). Improvement of the folliculogenesis by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in mice with induced polycystic ovary syndrome. Cytotherapy, 20(12), 1445-1458.Kanekiyo, K., Wakabayashi, T., Nakano, N., Yamada, Y., Tamachi, M., Suzuki, Y., . . . Ide, C. (2018). Effects of Intrathecal Injection of the Conditioned Medium from Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Journal of Neurotrauma, 35(3), 521-532. doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5201Kang, D. W., Adams, J. B., Coleman, D. M., Pollard, E. L., Maldonado, J., McDonough-Means, S., ... & Krajmalnik-Brown, R. (2019). Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota. Scientific reports, 9(1), 5821.Kaniowska, D., Wenk, K., Lange, F., Greiser, S., Braumann, U., & Jaimes, Y. (2019). Mesenchymal stromal cells derived extracellular vesicles effect on microglia cells. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Kim, D., Yang, P. S., Yu, H. T., Kim, T. H., Jang, E., Sung, J. H., ... & Joung, B. (2019). Risk of dementia in stroke-free patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation: data from a population-based cohort. European heart journal.Kim, J. H., Hwang, K. H., Park, K. S., Kong, I. D., & Cha, S. K. (2015). Biological role of anti-aging protein Klotho. Journal of lifestyle medicine, 5(1), 1.Kim, S., Kwon, S. H., Kam, T. I., Panicker, N., Karuppagounder, S. S., Lee, S., ... & Shen, C. (2019). Transneuronal Propagation of Pathologic α-Synuclein from the Gut to the Brain Models Parkinson’s Disease. Neuron.Labora, J. A. F., O’Loghlen, A., Carpintero-Fernandez, P., & Eleftheriadou, O. (2019). Role of small extracellular vesicles in ageing. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Lahiri, S., Kim, H., Garcia-Perez, I., Reza, M. M., Martin, K. A., Kundu, P., ... & Padmanabhan, P. (2019). The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and function in mice. Science translational medicine, 11(502), eaan5662.Lankford, K. L., Arroyo, E. J., Nazimek, K., Bryniarski, K., Askenase, P. W., & Kocsis, J. D. (2018). Intravenously delivered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes target M2-type macrophages in the injured spinal cord. Plos One, 13(1). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190358 Leeman, K. T., Pessina, P., Lee, J. H., & Kim, C. F. (2019). Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Alveolar Differentiation in Lung Progenitor Organoid Cultures. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 6479.Leyns, C. E., Gratuze, M., Narasimhan, S., Jain, N., Koscal, L. J., Jiang, H., ... & Holtzman, D. M. (2019). TREM2 function impedes tau seeding in neuritic plaques. Nature Neuroscience, 1.Li, F., Liu, L., Cheng, K., Chen, Z., & Cheng, J. (2018). The use of stem cell therapy to reverse opioid tolerance. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 103(6), 971-974.Li, H., Tian, Y., Xie, L., Liu, X., Huang, Z., & Su, W. (2019). Mesenchymal stem cells in allergic diseases: Current status. Allergology International.Li, J. J., Wang, B., Kodali, M. C., Chen, C., Kim, E., Patters, B. J., ... & Liao, F. F. (2018). In vivo evidence for the contribution of peripheral circulating inflammatory exosomes to neuroinflammation. Journal of neuroinflammation, 15(1), 8.Li, P., Marshall, L., Oh, G., Jakubowski, J. L., Groot, D., He, Y., . . . Labrie, V. (2019). Epigenetic dysregulation of enhancers in neurons is associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and cognitive symptoms. Nature Communications, 10(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10101-7Li, Z., Dastgheyb, R., Yoo, S., Nogueras-Ortiz, C., Kapogiannis, D., & Haughey, N. (2019). Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles shed in response to IL-1beta up-regulate amyloidogenic processing in neurons. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Liguori, I., Russo, G., Curcio, F., Bulli, G., Aran, L., Della-Morte, D., ... & Abete, P. (2018). Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clinical interventions in aging, 13, 757.Ling, X., Guowei, Z., Zhu, Q., Guowen, H., Wang, Y., & Deng, Z. (2019). Exosomes from human urine-derived stem cells promote neurogenesis via histone deacetylase regulation in ischemic stroke. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Liu, F., Hu, S., Yang, H., Li, Z., Huang, K., Su, T., ... & Cheng, K. (2019). Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Integrated with Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Secretome to Treat Endometrial Injury in a Rat Model of Asherman’s Syndrome. Advanced healthcare materials, 1900411.Liu, S., Mahairaki, V., Bai, H., Ding, Z., Li, J., Witwer, K. W., & Cheng, L. (2019). Highly purified human extracellular vesicles produced by stem cells alleviate aging cellular phenotypes of senescent human cells. STEM CELLS.WORKS CITED

15. Long, Q., Upadhya, D., Hattiangady, B., Kim, D. K., An, S. Y., Shuai, B., ... & Shetty, A. K. (2017). Intranasal MSC-derived A1-exosomes ease inflammation, and prevent abnormal neurogenesis and memory dysfunction after status epilepticus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201703920.Louveau, A., Herz, J., Alme, M. N., Salvador, A. F., Dong, M. Q., Viar, K. E., ... & Da Mesquita, S. (2018). CNS lymphatic drainage and neuroinflammation are regulated by meningeal lymphatic vasculature. Nature neuroscience, 21(10), 1380.Luarte, A., Bátiz, L. F., Wyneken, U., & Lafourcade, C. (2016). Potential Therapies by Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in CNS Diseases: Focusing on the Neurogenic Niche. Stem Cells International, 2016, 1-16. doi:10.1155/2016/5736059Ma, Z., Song, G., Zhao, D., Liu, D., Liu, X., Dai, Y., ... & Zhou, B. O. (2019). Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate severe acute pancreatitis in rats via hemeoxygenase-1–mediated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Cytotherapy, 21(2), 162-174.Madhav, N. S., Ojha, A., Uniyal, P., & Fulara, D. Nanosuspension-A Novel Drug Delivery System via Nose to Brain drug delivery!.Mao, F., Wu, Y., Tang, X., Kang, J., Zhang, B., Yan, Y., ... & Xu, W. (2017). Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells relieve inflammatory bowel disease in mice. BioMed research international, 2017.Marei, H. E. M. (2018). Potential of stem cell-based therapy for Ischemic stroke. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 34.Martirosyan, N. L., Carotenuto, A., Patel, A. A., Kalani, M. Y., Yagmurlu, K., Lemole, G. M., . . . Theodore, N. (2016). The Role of microRNA Markers in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome Prediction of Spinal Cord Injury. Frontiers in Surgery, 3. doi:10.3389/fsurg.2016.00056Marzban, M., Mousavizadeh, K., Bakhshayesh, M., Vousooghi, N., Vakilzadeh, G., & Torkaman-Boutorabi, A. (2018). Effect of Multiple Intraperitoneal Injections of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Iranian biomedical journal, 22(5), 312.McConkey, N., Alsaady, I., Tedford, E., & Badya, N. (2019). Extracellular vesicles from induced neurons trigger epigenetic silencing of a brain neurotransmitter. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Merlini, M., Rafalski, V. A., Coronado, P. E. R., Gill, T. M., Ellisman, M., Muthukumar, G., ... & Seeley, W. W. (2019). Fibrinogen Induces Microglia-Mediated Spine Elimination and Cognitive Impairment in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model. Neuron.Milenkovic, U., Albersen, M., & Castiglione, F. (2018). The mechanisms and potential of stem cell therapy for penile fibrosis. Nature Reviews Urology, 1.Minerbi, A., Gonzalez, E., Brereton, N. J., Anjarkouchian, A., Dewar, K., Fitzcharles, M. A., ... & Shir, Y. (2019). Altered microbiome composition in individuals with fibromyalgia. Pain.Miyajima, M., Zhang, B., Sugiura, Y., Sonomura, K., Guerrini, M. M., Tsutsui, Y., ... & Hikida, T. (2017). Metabolic shift induced by systemic activation of T cells in PD-1-deficient mice perturbs brain monoamines and emotional behavior. Nature immunology, 18(12), 1342.Miyake, M. M., & Bleier, B. S. (2015). The blood-brain barrier and nasal drug delivery to the central nervous system. American journal of rhinology & allergy, 29(2), 124-127.Miyata, K., Hitomi, K., Misawa, T., Okada, R., & Takahashi, A. (2019). Exosomes secreted from senescent cells provoke chromosomal instability. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Montay-Gruel, P., Acharya, M. M., Petersson, K., Alikhani, L., Yakkala, C., Allen, B. D., ... & Nguyen, T. A. (2019). Long-term neurocognitive benefits of FLASH radiotherapy driven by reduced reactive oxygen species. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201901777.Morad, G., & Moses, M. A. (2019). Brainwashed by extracellular vesicles: the role of extracellular vesicles in primary and metastatic brain tumour microenvironment. Journal of extracellular vesicles, 8(1), 1627164.Morales-Prieto, D. M., Stojiljkovic, M., Diezel, C., Streicher, P. E., Roestel, F., Lindner, J., ... & Marz, M. (2018). Peripheral blood exosomes pass blood-brain-barrier and induce glial cell activation. bioRxiv, 471409.Moreno-Jimenez, E. P., Flor-Garcia, M., Terreros-Roncal, J., Rabano, A., Cafini, F., Pallas-Bazarra, N., . . . Llorens-Martin, M. (2019). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Medicine. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0375-9Moutinho, C., & Esteller, M. (2017). MicroRNAs and epigenetics. In Advances in cancer research (Vol. 135, pp. 189-220). Academic Press.Murthy, S. K., Begum, J., Benchimol, E. I., Bernstein, C. N., Kaplan, G. G., McCurdy, J. D., ... & Taljaard, M. (2019). Introduction of anti-TNF therapy has not yielded expected declines in hospitalisation and intestinal resection rates in inflammatory bowel diseases: a population-based interrupted time series study. Gut, gutjnl-2019.Nagano, M. C. (2003). Homing Efficiency and Proliferation Kinetics of Male Germ Line Stem Cells Following Transplantation in Mice1. Biology of Reproduction, 69(2), 701-707. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.103.016352Nakamura, Y., Miyaki, S., Ishitobi, H., Matsuyama, S., Nakasa, T., Kamei, N., ... & Ochi, M. (2015). Mesenchymal‐stem‐cell‐derived exosomes accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS letters, 589(11), 1257-1265.Nassar, W., El-Ansary, M., Sabry, D., Mostafa, M. A., Fayad, T., Kotb, E., ... & Adel, H. (2016). Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived extracellular vesicles can safely ameliorate the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Biomaterials research, 20(1), 21.Nassour, J., Radford, R., Correia, A., Fusté, J. M., Schoell, B., Jauch, A., ... & Karlseder, J. (2019). Autophagic cell death restricts chromosomal instability during replicative crisis. Nature, 1.WORKS CITED

16. Nation, D. A., Sweeney, M. D., Montagne, A., Sagare, A. P., D’Orazio, L. M., Pachicano, M., ... & Benzinger, T. L. (2019). Blood–brain barrier breakdown is an early biomarker of human cognitive dysfunction. Nature Medicine, 1.Natri, H., Garcia, A. R., Buetow, K. H., Trumble, B. C., & Wilson, M. A. (2019). The Pregnancy Pickle: Evolved Immune Compensation Due to Pregnancy Underlies Sex Differences in Human Diseases. Trends in Genetics, 35(7), 478-488.Nieto-Diaz, M., Esteban, F. J., Reigada, D., Muñoz-Galdeano, T., Yunta, M., Caballero-López, M., . . . Maza, R. M. (2014). MicroRNA dysregulation in spinal cord injury: causes, consequences and therapeutics. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 8. doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00053Nortley, R., Korte, N., Izquierdo, P., Hirunpattarasilp, C., Mishra, A., Jaunmuktane, Z., ... & Gong, H. (2019). Amyloid β oligomers constrict human capillaries in Alzheimer’s disease via signaling to pericytes. Science, eaav9518.Oh, J. Y., Kim, T. W., Jeong, H. J., Lee, H. J., Ryu, J. S., Wee, W. R., ... & Kim, M. K. (2014). Intraperitoneal infusion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells prevents experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice. Mediators of inflammation, 2014.Oh, S. K., & Jeon, S. R. (2016). Current Concept of Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. Korean Journal of Neurotrauma, 12(2), 40–46. http://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2016.12.2.40 Osborne, H. (2017, July 19). Scientists have reversed brain damage in a U.S. toddler who drowned in her family swimming pool. Retrieved February 05, 2018, from http://www.newsweek.com/eden-carlson-brain-damage- reversed-drowning-638628Ouyang, X., Han, X., Chen, Z., Fang, J., Huang, X., & Wei, H. (2018). MSC-derived exosomes ameliorate erectile dysfunction by alleviation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle apoptosis in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. Stem cell research & therapy, 9(1), 246.Ovadya, Y., Landsberger, T., Leins, H., Vadai, E., Gal, H., Biran, A., ... & Windheim, J. (2018). Impaired immune surveillance accelerates accumulation of senescent cells and aging. Nature communications, 9(1), 5435.Panagiotou, N., Neytchev, O., Selman, C., & Shiels, P. (2018). Extracellular Vesicles, Ageing, and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells, 7(8), 110.Park, K., Lee, J., Jun, Y., Kim, D., Kim, J., & Gho, Y. S. (2019). Systemic inflammatory activity and proteome analysis of extracellular vesicles from faeces. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Partridge, L., Deelen, J., & Slagboom, P. E. (2018). Facing up to the global challenges of ageing. Nature, 561(7721), 45.Perets, N., Betzer, O., Shapira, R., Berenstein, S., Angel, A., Sadan, T., … & Offen, D. (2019). Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes present natural migration and homing abilities to specific neuropathological areas. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Perets, N., Hertz, S., London, M., & Offen, D. (2018). Intranasal administration of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates autistic-like behaviors of BTBR mice. Molecular autism, 9(1), 57.Periyasamy-Thandavan, S., Burke, J., Mendhe, B., Kondrikova, G., Kolhe, R., Hunter, M., ... & Fulzele, S. (2018). MicroRNA-141-3p Negatively Modulates SDF-1 Expression in Age-Dependent Pathophysiology of Human and Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A.Phinney, D. G., & Pittenger, M. F. (2017). Concise Review: MSC-Derived Exosomes for Cell-Free Therapy. Stem Cells, 35(4), 851-858. doi:10.1002/stem.2575Piore, A. (2018, December 21). Decoding the Mystery of the Super-Ager. Retrieved from https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2018/12/412906/decoding-mystery-super-agerPreciado, S., Muntión, S., Corchete, L. A., Ramos, T. L., de la Torre, A. G., Osugui, L., ... & del Cañizo, C. (2019). The Incorporation of Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Into CD34+ Cells Increases Their Clonogenic Capacity and Bone Marrow Lodging Ability. STEM CELLS.Preische, O., Schultz, S. A., Apel, A., Kuhle, J., Kaeser, S. A., Barro, C., ... & Vöglein, J. (2019). Serum neurofilament dynamics predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in presymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. Nature medicine, 1.Rappaport, S.M. (2016). Genetic factors are not the major causes of chronic diseases. PLoS One, 11(4), e0154387.Rashed, M. H., Bayraktar, E., Helal, G. K., Abd-Ellah, M., Amero, P., Chavez-Reyes, A., & Rodriguez-Aguayo, C. (2017). Exosomes: From Garbage Bins to Promising Therapeutic Targets. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(3), 538. doi:10.3390/ijms18030538 Rivera, F. J., de la Fuente, A. G., Zhao, C., Silva, M. E., Gonzalez, G. A., Wodnar, R., ... & O'Sullivan, A. (2019). Aging restricts the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to promote the generation of oligodendrocytes during remyelination. Glia, 67(8), 1510-1525.Robertson, Ruairi. The Gut-Brain Connection: How it Works and The Role of Nutrition. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gut-brain-connectionRodriguez, T. (2019, March 04). Chemobrain: Experts Weigh in on Very Real - and Growing - Problem. Retrieved from https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/topics/neurocognitive-disorders/chemobrain-experts-weigh-in-on- very-real-and-growing-problem/Rong, Y., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, J., Luo, Y., Li, L., ... & Cai, W. (2019). Neural stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles attenuate apoptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury by activating autophagy. Cell death & disease, 10(5), 340.Ruff, W. E., Dehner, C., Kim, W. J., Pagovich, O., Aguiar, C. L., Andrew, T. Y., ... & Mulla, M. J. (2019). Pathogenic Autoreactive T and B Cells Cross-React with Mimotopes Expressed by a Common Human Gut Commensal to Trigger Autoimmunity. Cell host & microbe.WORKS CITED

17. Ruppert, K. A., Nguyen, T. T., Prabhakara, K. S., Furman, N. E., Srivastava, A. K., Harting, M. T., . . . Olson, S. D. (2018). Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modify Microglial Response and Improve Clinical Outcomes in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. Scientific Reports, 8(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18867-wSarko, D. K., & Mckinney, C. E. (2017). Exosomes: Origins and Therapeutic Potential for Neurodegenerative Disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11. doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.0008Scheiman, J., Luber, J. M., Chavkin, T. A., MacDonald, T., Tung, A., Pham, L. D., ... & Yang, Z. (2019). Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism. Nature Medicine, 1.Schwab, J. M., Zhang, Y., Kopp, M. A., Brommer, B., & Popovich, P. G. (2014). The paradox of chronic neuroinflammation, systemic immune suppression, autoimmunity after traumatic chronic spinal cord injury. Experimental Neurology, 258, 121-129. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.023Sheller-Miller, S., Choi, K., Saade, G., Choi, C., & Menon, R. (2019) Exosomal delivery Shin, S., Son, S., Lim, G., Kwon, S., & Park, J. (2019). Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Shiue, S. J., Rau, R. H., Shiue, H. S., Hung, Y. W., Li, Z. X., Yang, K. D., & Cheng, J. K. (2019). Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes as a cell-free therapy for nerve injury–induced pain in rats. Pain, 160(1), 210-223.Singhal, T., O'Connor, K., Dubey, S., Pan, H., Chu, R., Hurwitz, S., ... & Kijewski, M. (2019). Gray matter microglial activation in relapsing vs progressive MS: A [F-18] PBR06-PET study. Neurology-Neuroimmunology Neuroinflammation, 6(5), e587.Stebegg, M., Silva-Cayetano, A., Innocentin, S., Jenkins, T. P., Cantacessi, C., Gilbert, C., & Linterman, M. A. (2019). Heterochronic faecal transplantation boosts gut germinal centres in aged mice. Nature communications, 10(1), 2443.Sui, B. D., Chen, J., Zhang, X. Y., He, T., Zhao, P., Zheng, C. X., ... & Jin, Y. (2018). Gender-independent efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in sex hormone-deficient bone loss via immunosuppression and resident stem cell recovery. Experimental & molecular medicine, 50(12), 166.Sulzer, D., Alcalay, R. N., Garretti, F., Cote, L., Kanter, E., Agin-Liebes, J., ... & Dawson, V. L. (2017). T cells from patients with Parkinson’s disease recognize α-synuclein peptides. Nature, 546(7660), 656.Sung, J. H., Shin, E. K., Son, J. P., Cho, Y. H., Kim, D. H., Oh, M. J., … & Bang, O. Y. (2019). Svensson, E., Horváth‐Puhó, E., Thomsen, R. W., Djurhuus, J. C., Pedersen, L., Borghammer, P., & Sørensen, H. T. (2015). Vagotomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson's disease. Annals of neurology, 78(4), 522-529.Tashiro, K., Yoshioka, Y., & Ochiya, T. (2019). Lymphangiogenesis induced by exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Trivedi, M., Shah, J., Hodgson, N., Byun, H. M., & Deth, R. (2014). Morphine induces redox-based changes in global dna methylation and retrotransposon transcription by inhibition of excitatory amino acid transporter type 3–mediated cysteine uptake. Molecular pharmacology, 85(5), 747-757.Tsai, M., Liou, D., & Cheng, H. (2019). Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate inflammation and protect ischemic neuronal damage. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Tulkens, J., Vergauwen, G., Van Deun, J., Geeurickx, E., Dhont, B., Lippens, L., … & Hendrix, A. (2019). Increased levels of systemic LPS-posiitve bacterial extracellular vesicles in patients with intestinal barrier dysfunction. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Valles-Colomer, M., Falony, G., Darzi, Y., Tigchelaar, E. F., Wang, J., Tito, R. Y., ... & Claes, S. (2019). The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression. Nature microbiology, 4(4), 623.van der Kant, R., Langness, V. F., Herrera, C. M., Williams, D. A., Fong, L. K., Leestemaker, Y., ... & Ovaa, H. (2019). Cholesterol Metabolism Is a Druggable Axis that Independently Regulates Tau and Amyloid-β in iPSC- Derived Alzheimer’s Disease Neurons. Cell Stem Cell.Vawda, R., Badner, A., Hong, J., Mikhail, M., Lakhani, A., Dragas, R., ... & Fehlings, M. G. (2019). Early Intravenous Infusion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exerts a Tissue Source Age‐Dependent Beneficial Effect on Neurovascular Integrity and Neurobehavioral Recovery After Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. Stem cells translational medicine.Velthoven, C. T., Kavelaars, A., & Heijnen, C. J. (2012). Mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for neonatal ischemic brain damage. Pediatric Research, 71(4-2), 474-481. doi:10.1038/pr.2011.64Volkman, R., & Offen, D. (2017). Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cells, 35(8), 1867-1880. doi:10.1002/stem.2651Wang, L., Hu, L., Zhou, X., Xiong, Z., Zhang, C., Shehada, H. M., . . . Chen, L. (2017). Exosomes secreted by human adipose mesenchymal stem cells promote scarless cutaneous repair by regulating extracellular matrix remodelling. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12919-xWegmann, S., Bennett, R. E., Delorme, L., Robbins, A. B., Hu, M., McKenzie, D., ... & Fan, Z. (2019). Experimental evidence for the age dependence of tau protein spread in the brain. Science Advances, 5(6), eaaw6404.Wotton, C. J., & Goldacre, M. J. (2017). Associations between specific autoimmune diseases and subsequent dementia: retrospective record-linkage cohort study, UK. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,71(6), 576-583. doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207809Wu, N., Francis, H., Alpini, G., & Meng, F. (2019). Role of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and their enriched mircoRNAs during alcoholic liver injury. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.WORKS CITED

18. Wu, S., Chen, J., Wu, C., Chen, C., Chang, J., & Ho, M. (2019). Adipose-derived stem cells enhance chondrogenesis and cartilaginous matrix synthesis of articular chondrocytes is mediated by extracellular vesicles. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Yadav, V., Chi, L., Zhao, R., Tourdot, B. E., Yalavarthi, S., Jacobs, B. N., ... & Visovatti, S. H. (2019). ENTPD-1 disrupts inflammasome IL-1β–driven venous thrombosis. The Journal of clinical investigation, 129(7).Yang, Y. J., Wang, X. L., Yu, X. H., Wang, X., Xie, M., & Liu, C. T. (2008). Hyperbaric oxygen induces endogenous neural stem cells to proliferate and differentiate in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats.Yeung, M. S., Djelloul, M., Steiner, E., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Possnert, G., ... & Frisén, J. (2019). Dynamics of oligodendrocyte generation in multiple sclerosis. Nature, 1.Yim, H. E., Kim, D. S., Chung, H. C., Shing, B., Moon, K. H., George, S. K., ... & Yoo, J. J. (2019). Controlled Delivery of Stem Cell‐Derived Trophic Factors Accelerates Kidney Repair After Renal Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Stem cells translational medicine.Yoshida, M., Satoh, A., Lin, J. B., Mills, K. F., Sasaki, Y., Rensing, N., ... & Imai, S. I. (2019). Extracellular Vesicle-Contained eNAMPT Delays Aging and Extends Lifespan in Mice. Cell metabolism.Young, H. A., & Benton, D. (2018). Heart-rate variability: a biomarker to study the influence of nutrition on physiological and psychological health?. Behavioural pharmacology, 29(2-), 140.Yuan, X., Qin, X., Wang, D., Zhang, Z., Tang, X., Gao, X., ... & Sun, L. (2019). Mesenchymal stem cell therapy induces FLT3L and CD1c+ dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Nature communications, 10(1), 2498.Zhai, Z., Boquete, J. P., & Lemaitre, B. (2018). Cell-specific Imd-NF-κB responses enable simultaneous antibacterial immunity and intestinal epithelial cell shedding upon bacterial infection. Immunity, 48(5), 897-910.Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Wong, F. K. L., Wang, M., Lai, R. C., Hui, J. H. P., … & Toh, W. S. (2019). MSC exosomes works through a multifaceted mechanism of action in joint repair. Communication presented at the 1st Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), Kyoto, Japan.Zhang, Z. G., & Chopp, M. (2016). Exosomes in stroke pathogenesis and therapy. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 126(4), 1190-1197. doi:10.1172/jci81133Zhang, Z. G., Buller, B., & Chopp, M. (2019). Exosomes—beyond stem cells for restorative therapy in stroke and neurological injury. Nature Reviews Neurology, 1.Zhang, Y., Kim, M. S., Jia, B., Yan, J., Zuniga-Hertz, J. P., Han, C., & Cai, D. (2017). Hypothalamic stem cells control ageing speed partly through exosomal miRNAs. Nature, 548(7665), 52.Zheng, Y., Liu, A., Wang, Z. J., Cao, Q., Wang, W., Lin, L., ... & Cheng, J. (2019). Inhibition of EHMT1/2 rescues synaptic and cognitive functions for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain.Zhu, L., Stein, L. R., Kim, D., Ho, K., Yu, G. Q., Zhan, L., ... & Mucke, L. (2018). Klotho controls the brain–immune system interface in the choroid plexus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(48), E11388- E11396.WORKS CITED