Understand human anatomy physiology common diseases and disorders and medical math principles 113 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems structures of the urinary system ID: 913107
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Urinary System Foundation Standard 1..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Slide2The Urinary System
Foundation Standard 1: Academic Foundation
Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and disorders, and medical math principles.
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems
structures of the urinary system
gross and microscopic anatomy
functions of the urinary system
process of urine formation
urine composition
homeostatic balance
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system
Etiology
Pathology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Slide3The Excretory System
“Water Purification Plant”
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems
(urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system)
Urinary System
Slide4Functions
of
the Urinary
SystemProduces of urine
Maintains homeostasis of bloodMaintains blood pressure Helps regulate the body’s pHStimulates red blood cell productionHelps in many metabolic processes
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary
(functions
of urinary
system, homeostatic balance)
Slide5Kidneys
(2)
- make urine
Ureters (2) - carry urine from each kidney to
the urinary bladderBladder - expandable sac that holds urineUrethra - tubing that transports urine to
outside of body
Urinary meatus
– external opening from the bladder to the outside
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system
,)
Anatomy of the
Urinary
System
Slide6Anatomy of the Kidney
Renal
Capsule -
fibrous covering of connective tissueRenal Hilum – indentation giving the kidney its bean
shapeRenal arteries and veins enter hereUreters attach here
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system
,)
Slide7Anatomy of the Kidney
Slide8Nephrons
The
functional
units of the kidneyfilter blood to remove waste products
about 120 to 150 quarts of blood dailyforms urineabout 1 to 2 quarts of urine daily
Microscopic
Portions
of the nephron are located in both the cortex and medulla areas of the kidney
Blood
and urine flow from the outside area (
cortex) to the inner regions (medulla) of the kidney
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system, gross and microscopic
anatomy)
Slide9Renal Corpuscle
- an expanded bulb-like end of the nephron located in the cortex of the kidney
Contains the glomerulus and
Bowman's capsuleFiltration occurs
Renal Tubules - thin twisting ducts of tubesPortions of the renal tubule are located within both the renal cortex and medullaAbsorption and secretion occur
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures
of
urinary system,
microscopic
anatomy, process of urine formation)
Anatomy of the
Nephrons
Slide101.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures of urinary system,
microscopic anatomy
,)
Anatomy of the
Nephrons
Slide11Formation of
Urine
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary
(process of urine formation)
Slide12The Renal
Corpuscle
Glomerular Filtration
Filtration
blood passes through the filterexcess waterelectrolytesglucosefatty acidsamino acidsnitrogenous wastesvitamins
substances are either reabsorbed or excreted
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary
(,
process
of urine formation)
Slide13Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Connects the Bowman’s capsule with the loop of Henle
Reabsorption by o
smosis occurs glucose
sodiumchloridepotassiumureaphosphatewater
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary
(process of urine formation)
Slide14The Renal
Tubules
Reabsorb
fluid back into the bloodDescending-
reabsorbs certain solutes, water and ions (permeable)Loop of Henle
Ascending
reabsorbs salts then more water (
osmosis
) exits the descending limb which in turn creates concentrated urine
Distal convoluted tubule
- responsible for maintaining balanced pH levels of both blood and urine1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary
(process of urine formation)
Slide15Tubular Secretion
Composition of
Urine
Organic
Components urea uric acidcreatininepotassiumketone bodies
Inorganic Components
chloride
sodium
calcium
ammonium
magnesiumphosphatesulfate
95
% of total urine
volume is
w
ater
5% solutes from cellular metabolism or other outside sources such as drugs
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary
(urine composition)
Slide16Ureters
Tubes
that
carry urine from the kidneys to the
urinary bladderan extension of the renal pelvis25 to 30 cm long (10 to 12 inches)Primary function is to transport urine gravity (hydrostatic pressure)
peristaltic action
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system
,)
Slide17Urinary
Bladder
A hollow muscular organ that stores
urineShape is dependent upon how much urine is present at any given time,
rugae allow for expansionWhen filled with urine it is somewhat pear shaped1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system
,)
Slide18Urethra
A small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
2 inches in females
8 inches in males
Urethral orifice (meatus)the opening of the urethra to the exterior External urethral sphincter sphincter muscle controlling urination
1.13 Analyze basic structures and functions of human body systems (urinary).
k. Urinary (structures and functions of urinary system
,)
Slide19Diseases and
Disorders:
Urinary System
Abnormal Constituents of
UrineCystitisGlomerulonephritisKidney Stones
Renal Failure
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as:
kidney
disease
,).
a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e.
Prevention
Slide20Abnormal Constituents
of
Urine
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as:
kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention
Slide21Leukocytes
(
pyuria) indicates infection in the urinary system
Bilirubin (bilirubinuria)
Urobilogen (urobilogenuria)Ketone bodies (ketosis
or
acetonuria
)
diabetes
starvation
too few carbohydratesMicrobes bacteria
Abnormal Constituents
of
Urine
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as:
kidney
disease
,).
a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e.
Prevention
Slide22Cystiti
s
Inflammation
of the urinary bladder
Can be caused by:injuryinfectionchemicalsSymptoms include:
burning sensation upon urination
painful urination
frequent urination
urgency
low back pain
possibly bed wetting
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as:
kidney
disease
,).
a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e.
Prevention
Slide23Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation
of the glomeruli of the kidneys
Also called Bright’s DiseaseCan be caused by an allergic reaction to toxins given off by bacteria that have infected another part of the bodyCan result in kidney failure1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease
,).
a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e.
Prevention
Slide24Kidney Stones
Renal Calculi
crystalline masses present in the pelvis of the kidney (calcium an uric acid)composed
primarily of oxalatesphosphatescarbonatesSize of stones varies Treatment- shock therapy, uteroscope,
ot
surgery
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as:
kidney
disease
,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e. Prevention
Slide25Renal Failure
A decrease or cessation of glomerular filtration (less than 10% of function)
Acute Renal Failure
(ARF)sudden worsening of renal functionmay be a result of hypovolemic
shockChronic Renal Failure (CRF)progressive, irreversible decline in functioncan be caused bychronic glomerulonephritisPyelonephritis
congenital
polycystic
disease
traumatic
loss of kidney tissue
1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system (such as: kidney disease,). a. Etiology b. Pathology c. Diagnosis d. Treatment e.
Prevention
Slide26Treatment of Renal Failure
Transplantation
Dialysis
HemodialysisShunts put in artery and veinBlood circulates through dialysis machine that allows diffusion of small ions and molecules across a membrane while dialysis fluid on the other side keep important metabolites in circulation
Peritoneal dialysisDialysis fluid introduced into the peritoneum which acts as a dialysis membrane, then fluid is removed1.21 Describe common diseases and disorders of each body system – Urinary System