A PuhJayJay Presentation Daily Catalyst 1 If there are 34 of Adenines in DNA what is the percentage of uracil in RNA 34 2 Replicate the following segment of DNA 5 ATCGGCTACGTTCAC 3 ID: 600560
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Slide1
Replication/Transcription/Translation
A
PuhJayJay
Presentation Slide2
Daily Catalyst
1. If there are 34% of Adenines in DNA, what is the percentage of
uracil
in RNA?
34%
2.
Replicate
the following segment of DNA:
5’- ATCGGCTACGTTCAC -3’
3’ TAGCCGATGCAAGTG 5
3. How does RNA polymerase know which nucleotides to add?
RNA Polymerase uses the rules of base pairing to add the correction RNA nucleotides.Slide3
Class Business
You
gon
’ learn some
sh
*t!!Slide4
Replication
DNA is copied in the
nucleus
in the process of
replication
. Slide5Slide6
Steps
Step 1:
DNA is unzipped at the 3’ end by
helicase
.
Step 2: Once the DNA has been unzipped,
the enzyme DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the
3’ end only!!!
Step 3:
DNA
Ligase
glues all of the DNA pieces together.
Step 4:
DNA polymerase and DNA
ligase
proofread
the DNA and repair any mistakesSlide7
Transcription
Transcription transfers genetic information from
DNA to RNA
.
Transcription occurs in the
nucleus
. Slide8
Steps of Transcription
RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the
PROMOTER (TATA)
RNA Polymerase adds RNA nucleotides to the 3’ end.
RNA Polymerase falls off the DNA at the terminator.
The RNA that is made in transcription is called pre-
mRNA
.Slide9
Afterwards
A poly (A) tail, consisting of adenine nucleotides is added to the 3’ end.
The 5’ end is capped off with a modified guanine nucleotide forming a
5’ cap
. The cap helps with binding to the ribosome.
snRNP’s
and
spliceosomes
remove the
introns
and join the
exons
togetherSlide10
Review Time
Replication
Transcription
1. Helicase unzips DNA
2. DNA Polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end
3. Ligase glues segments together
4. DNA Poly and Ligase proofread the DNA
1. Helicase unzips DNA
2. RNA Polymerase attaches to promoter
(TATA)
3. RNA Poly adds RNA nucleotides to the 3’ end
4. RNA poly detaches when it reaches the terminatorSlide11
Translation
Translating the genetic information from DNA into amino acids
Translation occurs in the
ribosomes
.
tRNA
is the
translatorSlide12
Steps
mRNA binds to the
tRNA
at the
anticodon
at the ribosome.
tRNA
will read each
codon
of the mRNA
Correct amino acids are added at the amino acid attachment site on
tRNA
Amino acids are added until a stop
codon
is reached
Stop
codons
are on mRNA
UAA, UAG, and UGA
Stop
codons
do not code for proteinsSlide13
Turn and Talk
Turn to your neighbor and ask how their day is going.
Noise Level: Class (2 minutes)Slide14
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kzgnl5-8WAk
Slide15
Practice Problems
What type of RNA makes up the
ribosomes
?
rRNA
Where does translation start on the mRNA?
On the start
codon
Where does mRNA bind to
tRNA
?\
On the
anticodon
Slide16
What is the purpose of translation?
To translate the genetic information in mRNA to amino acids.
Which process does not include DNA; Translation, replication or transcription?
Translation
What is effect of the start
codon
being destroyed?
Translation will not start.
If the mRNA
codon
is AUG, what is the proper
anticodon
?
UACSlide17
Tell me what ya know!
True or false:
Translation is the process of assembling amino acids.
True
True or false:
Transcription beings at a promoter region and continues until RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon.
False, terminator
True or false:
In a eukaryotic cell, DNA carries the information for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the ribosome.
False, mRNA
True or false:
The anticodon is located on the tRNA and will complementary bind to the mRNA.
TrueSlide18
1. Name the 3 essential enzymes for replication.
DNA helicase, polymerase, and ligase
2. Describe the semi-conservative model.
The parent strand acts at the model for the new daughter strand so the bases know how to pair up with another
3. Why is this model important to
DNA?
This is important because we need to keep our DNA and make an exact copy of our DNA to pass onto our children.
18Slide19