This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document The big ID: 694385
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Slide1
Welcome
This is a document to explains the chosen concept to the animator.
This will take you through a
5 section process to provide the necessary details to the animator before starting the animation.The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the document. The big Black coloured number will denote the current section, the Grey color would denote the completed sections, and the Turquoise color would denote the remaining sections. The slides having yellow background (like this one) are the 'Instruction slides'
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3Slide2
Brief description of the animation (1 or 2 sentences
)-
Related LOs: > Prior Viewing –Chirality, stereochemistry > Future Viewing –Helical structure of isotactic polymers
Course Name:
Polymeric Materials/Introduction to Macromolecules Level UG/PG
Author(s) :J. Vijay Prasad, Simple Kumar
Mentor:Dr. Abhijit P Deshpande
*The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license
This animation is about
tacticity
of polymers (polypropylene in particular).
It highlights the structure and properties of polymers with different
tacticity
TACTICITYSlide3
Learning objectives
After interacting with this Learning Object, the learner will be able to
:
532
4
1
Draw structures of polymers with different TACTICITY.Explain the importance of stereochemical structuresSlide4
5
3
2
41GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
AUDIO NARRATION is given in the light blue coloured
boxesINSTRUCTIONS TO THE ANIMATOR are given in the textured yellow boxesReferences are given in black coloured boxesSlide5
Master layout or diagram
Make a schematic diagram of the concept
Explain the animator about the beginning and ending of the process.
Draw image big enough for explaining.In the image, identify and label different components of the process/phenomenon. (These are like characters in a film)
Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use
BOLD lines in the diagram (minimum 2pts.)
In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the labels used in the diagram
You may have multiple master layouts.In this case, number the master layout. (e.g. Master layout 1, 2, 3…)
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1Slide6
Overall Master Layout
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24
1Slide7
Overall Master Layout
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1Slide8
Overall Master Layout
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1Slide9
Overall Master Layout
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1Slide10
Definitions and Keywords
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1
TACTICITY:Tacticity is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centres within a macromolecule.
STEREOCHEMISTRY AND CONFIGURATIONIn stereochemistry, we describe the spatial arrangements of atoms within a molecule. A specific arrangement is called configuration of a molecule.CHIRAL CENTERAn asymmetric atom with no internal plane of symmetry and which is not superimposable on its mirror image
POLYMERS OR MACROMOLECULES: A polymer or macromolecule is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units. These subunits are typically connected by covalent chemical bonds4.
1.2.3.MONOMER
An atom or a small molecule that can bind chemically to other monomers to form a polymer
r
5.Slide11
Definitions and Keywords
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1
+ Configuration: If an enantiomer rotates the light clockwise (as seen by a viewer towards whom the light is traveling), that enantiomer is labeled (+)
- Configuration: If an enantiomer rotates the light anti-clockwise (as seen by a viewer towards whom the light is traveling), that enantiomer is labeled
(-)6.7.
Enantiomer:An enantiomer is one of two strereoisomers that are
mirror images
of each other that are non-
superposable
(not identical)
8.Slide12
Explain the process
In this step, use an example to explain the concept. It can be an analogy, a scenario, or an action which explains this concept/process/topic
Try to use examples from day-to-day life to make it more clear
You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a series of moving images.Keep the examples simple to understand, and also to illustrate/animate.
5
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2Slide13
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42
MASTER LAYOUT 1Slide14
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42
TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDE
13)-The blocks must appear in the order shown in the presentation.STEP-1 : The red block should fade in first, then all the yellow blocks should appear at the same time.STEP-2 : the green blocks should slowly appear.STEP-3 : the
blue blocks should slowly appear.STEP-4 : the dark grey block should slowly appear.Slide15
3
1
4
2
5
3
1
4
2
Two adjacent structural units in a polymer constitute a
Diad
. Let us look at repeating units of propylene to understand
diad
.If two consecutive configurations have the same absolute configuration (e.g. ++ or - -), the diad is a meso diadIf the consecutive configuration have different absolute configuration (e.g. + - or - +), the diad is a racemo diadConfigurations are referred to as +/-,
while diads are referred to as m/r.Slide16
5
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42To the Animator
STEP 1
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
Redraw all the figures as explained in the slides 39 and 40
The figure and the DT should appear at the same time.
<none>
Meso
diad
<@below the figure>Slide17
5
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1
42To the Animator
STEP 2
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
G
G’
The letters ‘
G’
’ and ‘ G ‘ should appear on the spheres shown.
The DT should appear to the right side of the image
See that in the figure you draw G and G’ are at the same horizontal position.
Everything should else should remain same as before.
The DT should fade away.
<none>
G and G’ are same
<@right of the image>Slide18
5
3
1
42To the Animator
STEP 3
G
G’
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
Everything should else should remain same as
before
An axis should appear in the
centre
of the image as shown.
The image should be shown rotating by 90 degrees in the anti clockwise direction.
<none>
Meso
diad
<@below the figure>Slide19
5
3
1
42To the Animator
STEP 4
G
G’
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
After doing so you should get an image looking as above where G’ is in front of G
CONVENTION:
The
group in front will be shown smaller concentrically here G’ is shown by a smaller green circle and G by a larger green circle which is behind G’.
The grey circles are the white spheres in the image.
After the rotation is complete display the DT
<none>
Meso
Diad
<@below the figure>
Both groups are on the same side.Slide20
5
3
1
42To the Animator
STEP 5
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
Redraw all the figures as explained in the previous slide
The figure and the DT should appear at the same time.
<none>
Meso
diad
<@below the figure>Slide21
5
3
1
42To the Animator
STEP 6
G
G’
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
The letters ‘
G’
’ and ‘ G ‘ should appear on the spheres shown.
The DT should appear to the right side of the image
See that in the figure you draw G and G’ are at the same horizontal position.
Everything should else should remain same as before.
The DT should fade away.
<none>
G and G’ are same
<@right of the image>Slide22
5
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1
42To the Animator
STEP 7
G
G’
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
Everything should else should remain same as
before
An axis should appear in the
centre
of the image as shown.
The image should be shown rotating by 90 degrees in the anti clockwise direction.
<none>
Meso
diad
<@below the figure>Slide23
5
3
1
42To the Animator
STEP 8
G
G’
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
After doing so you should get an image looking as above
The grey circles are the white spheres in the image.
After the rotation is complete display the DT
Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation.
Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to slide
15.
<none>
Meso
Diad
<@below the figure>
Both groups are on the opposite side.
<@right side of the image>
next
againSlide24
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The stereochemistry of macromolecules can be defined precisely with the introduction of triads.
An isotactic triad (mm) is made up of two adjacent meso
diad
A syndiotactic triad (rr) consists of two adjacent racemo Diads
A heterotactic triad (rm or mr) is composed of a meso diad adjacent to a racemo diad.
next
m
m
m
rrrSlide25
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDE 24)-
Follow the same sequence and flow as shown in the presentationProvide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation.Slide26
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42
HEAD-TAIL
PLACEMENT
₪Head-Tail
₪
Head-Head
₪
Tail-Tail
next
again
More
steric
hindrance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tail_head_isomerism.svgSlide27
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR
SLIDE 26)-Follow the same sequence and flow as shown in the presentationProvide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation.Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step 1.
AUDIO NARRATION (To be played after the animation)“In most cases monomers are joined in the head-tail configuration since it involves least steric hindrance.”Original image sourcehttp://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tail_head_isomerism.svghttp://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/polymerbasics/stereoregularity.phpSlide28
5
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDE-28)
STEP-1: Fade in the red blockSTEP-2: The arrows should appearSTEP-3: The yellow block should fade-inSTEP-4: The violet block should fade-inSTEP-5: The green block should
fade-inThe time between each step should be synchronized with the audio narration AUDIO NARRATION (corresponding to each step):STEP-1: “There are three types of tacticities that exist in polymers.”STEP-2: <NONE>
STEP-3: “Isotacticity”STEP-4: “Syndiotacticity”STEP-5: “Atacticity”Slide30
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42A
ll the substituents are located on the same side of the macromolecular backbone. An isotactic macromolecule consists of 100% meso
Diads.
ISOTACTICITYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isotactic-3D-balls.pngSlide31
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SYNDIOTACTICIn syndiotactic or syntactic macromolecules the substituents have alternate positions along the chain. The macromolecule consists 100% of racemo
Diads.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Syndiotactic-3D-balls.pngSlide32
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ATACTICIn atactic macromolecules the substituents are placed randomly along the chain. The percentage of meso
Diads is between 0 and 100%.
next
againhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atactic-3D-balls.pngSlide33
5
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42TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR
SLIDES 30 to 32)-Follow the same sequence and flow as shown in the presentation
Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation.Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step 1.Slide34
Stepwise description of process
The goal of the document is to provide instructions to an animator who is not a expert.
You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a moving visualization.
Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the explanation.Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table below the box.You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's copyright status
The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings
Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation
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3Slide35
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43TO THE ANIMATOR Redraw a 3-D structure of the molecules
‘A’ and ‘B’ shown in the next slideNote that all the black balls form bonds at perfect tetrahedron angles
.The red and blue bands in the molecules are important and they should be incorporated.It is necessary for these A and B to be flipped and rotated in the subsequent slides.Use your new molecules instead
of ‘A’ and ‘B’ from now on.For ease, X and Y have been used in these slides. USE A IN PLACE OF X, USE B IN PLACE OF YSlide36
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A
B
109.5
109.5Slide37
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43
X
YSlide38
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43
PROPENE
http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures---P/Propene.-i-X.htm
TO THE
ANIMATOR
Redraw
a 3-D structure of the
molecule shown below without the letters and blue markings. Note that all the marked balls are in the same plane.
Use
your new
molecules instead of “PROPENE” from now on.Slide39
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2
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43
TO THE ANIMATOR(About the chain structure)Every black ball is the common point of two perpendicular “V”s with the angle in the “V”=109.5 degrees.
Projecting the chain in the direction of the arrow gives us fig.1
109.5
109.5
fig.1Slide40
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43
TO THE ANIMATORRedraw the above chain in 3D such that the chain or a part of it can be rotated about the x, y and z axes.
y
x
zSlide41
Step 1:
T1:Polymer Chain
5
2
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4
3Slide42
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43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-1
Redraw the chain.
The chain should fade in at the top of screen.
The DT should fade in just after the chain fades in.The DT should fade out as the audio narration is over.
“Consider a polymer, poly propylene made up of many repeating units or monomers.”
Polymer main chain
<@ center of the screen>
Polymer
Chain
Slide43
Step 2:
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2
1
4
3
Polymer
Chain
Slide44
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-2
First the DT should fade in below the chain
A circle should appear over any two dots in the center.
<none>
Looking Closely
<@ bottom center of the screen>
Polymer
Chain
Slide45
Step 3:
5
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143
A
Polymer
Chain
Slide46
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-3
Redraw the figure shown below the chain with
A
and thick., dashed line coming out of the red and blue ends.First the arrow should appear to move out below from the circle.The figure shown should fade in.
The DT should fade out. After the audio narration in over.
Then the chain, the arrow and the circle should move out from the top.
Do not include the black
arrow
and the figure
name- “A”-
in the final animation.
“Taking a closer look at the chain, the chain is made of several repeating propylene units”
One possibility
<@ bottom center of the screen>
Polymer
Chain
Slide47
Step
4:
Structural unit
5
2
1
4
3
A
PROPENESlide48
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-4
The figure with ‘A’ should move up.
An arrow should fade in from tail to head.
The figure “PROPENE” along with the DT should fade in belowDo not include the black arrows and the figure names- ”A” and “PROPENE”- in the final animation.
These structural units are derived from the organic compound- propylene.
Propylene
<@ near “PROPENE”>.
Structural unitSlide49
Step
5:
T5: Consider the polymer chain
again
5
2
1
4
3
BSlide50
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-5
Redraw the figure shown below the chain with B
and thick., dashed line coming out of the red and blue ends.First The DT should fade in at the bottom center of the screen.The
arrow should appear to move out below from the circle.
The figure shown should fade in.
The DT should fade out. After the audio narration in over.
Then the chain, the arrow and the circle should move out from the top
.
Do not include the black arrow and the figure name-
“B”-
in the final animation.
Another repeating unit different from the previous one also exists in polypropylene.
One more
possibility
<@ bottom center of the screen>
Consider
the polymer chain
againSlide51
Step
6:
5
2143
B
PROPENE
Consider
the polymer chain
againSlide52
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-6
The figure with
‘B’
should move up.An arrow should fade in from tail to head.The figure “PROPENE” along with the DT should fade in
below.
Do not include the black arrows and the figure names-
”A”
and “PROPENE”- in the final animation
.
Even these are obtained from propene.
Propene
<@ near “PROPENE”>
Consider
the polymer chain
againSlide53
Step 7:
T7: Two different monomers
5
2
1
4
3
A
BSlide54
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-7
The screen should be cleared first.
The whole screen shown with A,B should appear
Due to the presence of the methyl group in propylene, the steric factors result in only two stable structural possibilities of the monomer.
<none>
Two
different monomers
Slide55
Step 8:
T8: Enantiomers
5
2
1
4
3
A
B
next
again
new
newSlide56
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-8
The structure ‘A’ should shown rotated about an axis perpendicular to the screen between the
coloured
bands till you get the ‘new A’ shown .The structure ‘B’ should be rotated (a) about an axis on the screen by 180 degrees in the anti clockwise direction. (b) then about an axis perpendicular to the screen between the coloured
bands till you get the ‘new
B’ shown.
Fade in DT-1
Fade out DT-2 after a few seconds
Then rotate the ‘new A’ about an axis on the screen in the middle of the structure in the anti clockwise direction by 180 degrees.
Fade in DT-2
Fade out DT-2 after a few seconds
Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation.
Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step 1.
DO NOT
DISPLAY THE RED TEXT ABOVE A AND B “new”
<none>
DT-1
Monomers A and B are enantiomers.
DT-2
A and B are different.
<@ bottom
centre
of the screen>
Enantiomers
Slide57
Step
9:
5
2143
A
B
Enantiomers
Slide58
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-9
The screen should be as shown after the next button is pressed.
<none>
<none>
Enantiomers
Slide59
Step 10:
T10: Isotactic polypropylene
5
2
1
4
3
A
B
ASlide60
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-10
A single monomer ‘A
’
should appear to fly in from the top left corner to the left of the screen.Synchronize the audio narration to go on for atleast
three slides
The head to tail arrangement of enantiomeric units of the same steric configuration yields
polypropylene with a specific structure
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide61
Step 11:
5
2
143
A
B
A
A
A
T11: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide62
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-11
Monomer ‘A
’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide63
Step 12:
5
2
143
A
B
A
A
A
T12: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide64
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-12
Monomer ‘A
’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide65
Step 13:
5
2
143
A
B
A
A
A
A
T10: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide66
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-13
Monomer ‘
A’should
appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between.
<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide67
Step 14:
5
2
143
A
B
T14: Isotactic polypropylene
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.pngSlide68
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-14
Next
the lines in between should appear to shorten and all the
A must join to form a chainWhile joining, the coloured
bands should
disappear
Redraw the chains also.
All chiral carbons have the
same stereochemistry
in Polypropylene
formed in this manner
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide69
Step 15:
5
2
143
m
T15: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide70
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-15
The screen should first be blank
Then in the top to bottom order images should appear.
Redraw all the chainsStart audio narrationWhen saying meso
diads
“m” should jump between green balls.
Provide
a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation
..
This polymer is isotactic polypropylene and is composed of 100%
meso-diads
.
In isotactic polypropylene
a
ll the methyl groups are oriented in the same direction.
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide71
Step 16:
5
2
143
A
B
T16: isotactic polypropyleneSlide72
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-16
The screen should be as shown after the next button is pressed.
<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide73
Step 17:
5
2
143
A
B
B
T17: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide74
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-17
A single monomer
‘B’
should appear to fly in from the top right corner to the left of the screen.Similarly see for yourself how the head tail arrangement of enantiomer only, also leads to the formation of isotactic polypropylene
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide75
Step 18:
5
2
143
A
B
B
B
T18: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide76
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-1
Monomer
‘B’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide77
Step 19:
5
2
143
A
B
B
B
B
T19: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide78
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-19
Monomer
‘B’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide79
Step 20:
5
2
143
A
B
B
B
B
B
T20: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide80
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-20
Monomer
‘B’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide81
Step 21:
5
2
143
A
B
- F – I – g – u – r – e -
T21: Isotactic polypropyleneSlide82
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-21
Next the lines in between should appear to shorten and all the
B
must join to form a chain.Please plug in the chain obtained by joining “B’ as described in the place of “FIGURE”. While joining, the
coloured
bands should disappear
Redraw the
chains in 3D.
<none>
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide83
Step 22:
5
2
143
- F – I – g – u – r – e -
m
T22: Isotactic polypropylene
m
m
m
mSlide84
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-22
FIGURE” can also be obtained by using the figure in the top left corner in the place of green balls in the bottom figure
.
The screen should first be blankThen in the top to bottom order images should appear.
Redraw all the
chains in 3D
When saying
meso Diads in the audio narration, “m”
should jump between green balls.
Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go
to the next part of the animation
.
See for yourself that the isotactic polypropylene formed this way is same as the one formed before.
<none>
Isotactic
polypropyleneSlide85
Step 23:
T23: “DISPLAYED TEXT”
5
2
1
4
3
ROTATE
ROTATE
next
againSlide86
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-23
The initial screen should look as shown
Provide a rotate button for each chain as shown that (on clicking) rotates the chain about the axis (blue dashed line) shown, in the anti clockwise direction by 180 degrees.
Do not include the axes in the final animation.Note that after one rotation as described above, the rotated chain should match
with the other original chain because
both the chains are identical
Provide a next button at
the top
corner to go to the next part of the animation
.
Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step 9
See for yourself that the isotactic polypropylene formed this way is same as the one formed before.
Click to rotate Slide87
Step 24:
5
2
143
A
B
T24: syndiotactic polypropyleneSlide88
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-24
The screen should be as shown after the next button is pressed.
<none>
<none>
syndiotactic
polypropyleneSlide89
Step 25:
5
2
143
A
B
A
T25: syndiotactic polypropyleneSlide90
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-25
A single
monomer ‘
A’ should appear to fly in from the top left corner to the left of the screen.Synchronize the audio narration to go on up to step
29
The head to tail arrangement of enantiomeric units of
alternate
steric configuration yields polypropylene with a specific structure
<none>
syndiotactic
polypropyleneSlide91
Step 26:
5
2
143
A
B
A
B
T26: syndiotactic polypropyleneSlide92
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-26
Monomer ‘B
’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
syndiotactic
polypropyleneSlide93
Step 27:
5
2
143
A
B
A
B
A
T27: syndiotactic polypropyleneSlide94
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-27
Monomer ‘A
’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
syndiotactic
polypropyleneSlide95
Step 28:
5
2
143
A
B
A
B
A
B
T28: syndiotactic polypropyleneSlide96
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-28
Monomer ‘
B’ should
appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
syndiotactic
polypropyleneSlide97
Step 29:
5
2
14
3
A
B
T29: syndiotactic polypropylene
http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISyndiotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.pngSlide98
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-29
Next the lines in between should appear to shorten and all the A
and B join alternately
to form a chainWhile joining, the coloured bands should disappearRedraw the chains in 3D.
<none>
<none>
syndiotactic
polypropyleneSlide99
Step 30:
5
2
143
r
next
T30: syndiotactic polypropylene
again
r
r
r
rSlide100
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-30
The screen should first be blank
Then in the top to bottom order images should appear.
Redraw all the chainsStart audio narrationWhen saying racemo
diads
“r”
should jump between green balls.
Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation
.
Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step
24.
This polymer is
syndiotactic
polypropylene and is composed of 100%
racemo-
diads
.
In
syndiotactic
polypropylene all the methyl groups are oriented in the
alternate
direction.
<none>
syndiotactic
polypropyleneSlide101
Step 3
1:
T31:
Atactic
polypropylene
5
2
1
4
3
A
BSlide102
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-31
The screen should be as shown after the next button is pressed.
<none>
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide103
Step 32:
5
2
143
A
B
A
T32:
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide104
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-32
A single monomer ‘
A’ should
appear to fly in from the top left corner to the left of the screen.Synchronize the audio narration to go on for atleast three slides
The head to tail arrangement of enantiomeric units of
random
steric configuration
results in the formation of
atactic
polypropylene.
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide105
Step 33:
5
2
143
A
B
A
A
T33:
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide106
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-33
Monomer ‘A
’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide107
Step 34:
T34: Consider a polymer chain
5
2
1
4
3
A
B
A
A
ASlide108
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-34
Monomer ‘
A’should
appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide109
Step 35:
5
2
143
A
B
A
A
A
B
T35:
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide110
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-35
Monomer ‘
B’ should
appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide111
Step 36:
T36: Consider a polymer chain
5
2
1
4
3
A
B
A
A
A
B
BSlide112
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-36
Monomer ‘B
’
should appear to come from the top left and join end to end with a line in between<none>
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide113
Step 37:
5
2
143
A
B
- F – I – g – u – r – e -
T37:
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide114
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-37
Next the lines in between should appear to shorten and all the
“A” and “B”
must join to form a chain.Please plug in the chain obtained by joining “A” and “B” as described, in the place of “FIGURE”.
While joining, the
coloured
bands should disappear
Redraw the chains in 3D
<none>
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide115
Step 38:
5
2
143
- F – I – g – u – r – e -
m
r
m
m
r
next
T38:
Atactic
polypropylene
againSlide116
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
STEP-38
FIGURE” can also be obtained by using the figure in the top left corner in the place of green balls in the bottom figure.
The screen should first be blank
Then in the top to bottom order images should appear.Redraw all the chains in 3D
Start the audio narration
While
saying
“
randomly
”
in the audio narration, “m
” and “r”
should
appear between
green
balls one at a time, one by one.
Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part of the animation
.
Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step
31
.
In
Atactic
polypropylene
the methyl groups are
randomly
oriented in either directions.
<none>
Atactic
polypropylene
Slide117
5
2
1
43TO THE ANIMATORA rough idea of the flow for the animations described above is given in the next three slides.Slide118
1
5
3
24
ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE
A
B
A
A
B
BSlide119
1
5
3
24
SYNDIOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE
A
BSlide120
1
5
3
24
ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE
A
. . A+A+A+B+B+A . .
BSlide121
1
5
3
2
4
Why is
tacticity important?Stereochemistry
Relative Arrangement of Macromolecules Hence polymers with different
tacticity have different bulk behaviour.Slide122
5
2
1
43
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Description of the action
Title-
Why
is
tacticity important?First the title should appear on the topThe red, green and blue blocks should appear sequentially as shown.The audio narration should be synchronized with the appearing of the
coloured
blocks.
We
have learnt that stereochemistry is
important while
forming a macromolecule
.
Similarly
, it is also important for arrangements of macromolecules with respect to each other
.
This
is why polymers with different
tacticity
have different bulk
behaviour
.
<none>Slide123
1
5
3
24Why is tacticity
important?
Tacticity
affects the physical properties-
Atactic polymers will generally be amorphous, soft, flexible materials-Isotactic and syndiotactic polymers will be more crystalline, thus harder and less flexibleSlide124
1
5
3
24Isotactic polypropylene
Excellent flexural fatigue resistance
Crystalline
Reusable containers
StrapsBags
Hinges http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mint_box_polypropylene_lid.JPGSlide125
1
5
3
24Atactic
polypropylene
Glue stick
Glue stick
Hot glue gunMain component of Hot Melt Adhesive (HMA)Amorphous
http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00OMDTHCbhCIkL/Hot-Melt-Glue-Gun-668-.jpgSlide126
1
5
3
24S
yndiotactic polypropylene
Biaxially
oriented filmsFood wrapsCable insulations
High clarity, thermal and electrical resistanceCrystalline
http://www.tootoo.com/show/pro_photo.php?pid=1527240http://www2.dupont.com/Plastics/en_US/assets/images/News/cable_ehi.jpgSlide127
Animation design
Please see the design template provided in the next slide.
This is a sample template, and you are free to change as per your design requirements.
Try and rename the tabs / buttons / sections / subsections as shown in the template.
Use ‘callouts’ as shown above to explain the source of content. Ex: If the call out is placed at the Tab 01, and you want the content to be taken from slide 3 of this presentation, then place this callout on the Tab 01, and write ‘Slide 3’ inside the callout.
Slide 3
5
2
1
3
4Slide128
T A C T I C I T Y
Animation area
Instructions/ Working areaCredits
Name of the section/stage
Interactivity
area
Grouping
monomers
Introduction
To
tacticity
Isotacticity
Syndiotacticity
Atacticity
Properties
Build your polymer
Head-tail
arrangement
Enantiomeric
monomers
Slide
13
Slide
26
Slide
28
Slide
101
Slide
121
Slide 87
Slide 57
slide 41
Slide
130Slide129
Interactivity and Boundary limits
In this section, you will add the ‘Interactivity’ options to the animation.
Use the template in the next slide to give the details.
Insert the image of the step/s (explained earlier in the Section 3) in the box, and provide the details in the table below.The details of Interactivity could be:
Types: Drop down, Slider bar, Data inputs etc.
Options: Select one, Multiple selections etcBoundary Limits: Values of the parameters, which won’t show results after a particular point
Results: Explain the effect of the interaction in this column
Add more slides if necessary
4
2
1
3
5Slide130
Instructions for the animator
Instruction to the learner
Results and Output
Boundary limits
Interactivity type
Interactivity option
1:
Step No: 1
4
2
1
3
5
Create an isotactic, syndiotactic or an
attactic
polypropylene by joining the enantiomers in a
seqence
.
Drag A or B to the main screen and join them
The initial screen should look like
above
NOtE
: THE INTERACTIVITY TO BE INCLUDED AS A SEPARATE TAB
A
Create
B
Main screen
M
aximum
of 6
molecules (A or B)
can be joined
Drag and connect
The learner will have a complete understanding of the structure of tactic molecules.Slide131
Instructions for the animator
Instruction to the learner
Results and Output
Boundary limits
Interactivity type
Interactivity option
1:
Step No:
2
4
2
1
3
5
Create an isotactic, syndiotactic or an
attactic
polypropylene by joining the enantiomers in a
seqence
.
Just drag A or B to the main screen and join them
Learner must be able to drag and join A and B end to end create a chain of A and
B
.
*
an example is
shown above
A
Create
B
Main screen
A maximum of 6 molecules can be joined
Drag and connect
The learner will have a complete understanding of the structure of tactic molecules.Slide132
Instructions for the animator
Instruction to the learner
Results and Output
Boundary limits
Interactivity type
Interactivity option
1:
Step No: 3
4
2
1
3
5
Create an isotactic, syndiotactic or an
attactic
polypropylene by joining the enantiomers in a
seqence
.
Just drag A or B to the main screen and join them
The red and blue bands should disappear after joining to get a final chain
*an example is shown above
A
Create
B
Main screen
A maximum of 6 molecules can be joined
Drag and connect
The learner will have a complete understanding of the structure of tactic molecules.Slide133
Self- Assessment Questionnaire
for Learners
Please provide a set of questions that a user can answer based on the LO. They can be of the following types:
These questions should be 5 in number and can be of objective type (like MCQ, Match the columns, Yes or No, Sequencing, Odd One Out). The questions can also be open-ended. The user would be asked to think about the question. The author is requested to provide hints if possible, but a full answer is not necessary.One can include questions, for which the user will need to interact with the LO (with certain parameters) in order to answer it.
It is better to avoid questions based purely on recall.
APPENDIX 1Slide134
Questionnaire:
1)______
polymer chains have adjacent substituents in the same orientation.
2)______ polymer chains have substituents in random orientation.3)______ polymers are generally amorphous, soft, flexible materials.4)Isotactic polymers are usually- a. Semi-crystalline b. AmorphousAns: 1) Isotactic 2) Atactic 3) Atactic 4) a.
APPENDIX 1Slide135
Links
for further reading
In the next slide, provide some reference reading material for the users.
It could be books, reference publications, or website URLs.
APPENDIX 2Slide136
Links
for further reading
Reference websites
:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacticityhttp://web.mit.edu/10.491-md/www/CourseNotes/Polymer/Chiral.htmlhttp://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=yale%20tacticity&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCEQFjAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.yale.edu%2Fchem125%2F125%2FLectureSlides%2FLecturesSpring2011%2FLect5311timed.ppt&ei=oGslT5HMGsHQrQei3KCgCA&usg=AFQjCNEtQ_0IhcJ1d95laqcCW1H1Gu9cpwBooks:
Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Third edition-Herman F. Mark, Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz; Volume-15; Chapter-“Stereoregular Linear Polymers“
Original Image source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Syndiotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.png
APPENDIX 2Slide137
Summary
Please provide points to remember to understand the concept/ key terms of the animation, in the next slide.
The summary will help the user in the quick review of the concept.
APPENDIX 3Slide138
Summary
APPENDIX 3
Tacticity
is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centres within a macromolecule
.
An isotactic polymer is one where all the chiral centers have the same orientation.
A syndiotactic polymer
is one where the chiral centers have alternating orientations.In an atactic polymer the chiral centers have random orientation.Tacticity plays a key role in the physical properties of a macromolecule and gives an idea of regularity in the bulk of the polymer(crystalline or amorphous).
Atactic polymers are generally amorphous hence soft and flexible.Isotactic and syndiotactic molecules are usually crystalline and hence harder.