Ge106 Instructor JeanPhilippe Avouac 301NM avouacgpscaltechedu Teaching Assistant Dustin Morris dkmorris caltechedu Administrative Assistant Lisa Christiansen 302NM lt ID: 783138
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Slide1
Introduction to Structural Geology -Ge106-
Instructor:
Jean-Philippe Avouac (301NM;
avouac@gps.caltech.edu
)
Teaching Assistant:
Dustin Morris
dkmorris
@
caltech.edu
Administrative Assistant:
Lisa Christiansen (302NM, <
lisac@gps.caltech.edu
>)
Meetings
:
Location: MN215
Lectures: Tuesdays,
Wednesdays
and Thursdays, 3:00-4:00 p.m
.
Labs: ??
ftp site:
ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge106/
2019
Happy New Year
Bonne
Annee
Slide3Slide4Jean-Claude Ringenbach
Slide5Synopsis:
- This course is an introduction to the fundamentals of structural geology. It is designed mainly for students with Ge1 background and an elementary background in mathematics and physics at the sophomore level.
- The components of the course include lectures, problem sets, labs, and a final exam.
Each student will have to make a presentation during the last week of instruction.
Grading:
Problem
and
lab
s
ets
50%Participation to class 20%Final Exam/Presentation 30%
I. Introduction to Structural Geology
-Ge106-
Slide6Textbooks
http://bookstore.mbsdirect.net/caltech.htm
Slide7Fossen’s online modules:http://folk.uib.no/nglhe/
StructuralGeoBook.html
Visible Geology:
http://
app.visiblegeology.com
/
features.html
Slide8Sources used in Class MaterialThe material in the
ppt
presentions
includes material
which I have put together myself
kindly provided by some colleagues (John
Suppe
in particular)
downloaded from the
web;
extracted from publications. Caveats: I have done my best to credit all sources appropriately, my apologies to the authors for possible errors or omissions.
Slide9Purpose of Structural GeologyStructural Geology provides techniques to
interpret
geological and geophysical data in 3D(‘what is the current
geometry?
’) and 4D (‘what is the current geometry and how did we get there
?’)
Slide10Purpose of Structural GeologyStructural Geology provides techniques to
interpret
geological and geophysical data in 3D(‘what is the current
geometry?
’) and 4D (‘what is the current geometry and how did we get there
?’)
Data types:
Surface geology (intersection of 3-D bodies with the topographic surface)
Subsurface data: seismic, well logs, gravity, resistivity profiles
Microscopic observations…
Slide11A descriptive, but quantitative, discipline.Output:Geometric modelKinematic model
Mechanical Model (deformation mechanism, forces involved)
Structural geology concerns all scales.
Some amount of structural geology is necessary in nearly all areas of geology.
‘Structural Geology
’ and
‘Tectonics’
are intimately
linked.
Purpose of Structural Geology
Slide12In some instances, determining the geometry of rock structures is an end in itself. For example for geological resources exploration (oil and gas, coal, ore deposits,…) or engineering (tunnel, dams).
In tectonic studies the objective is generally a kinematic model that is intended to provide insight
into
the deformation
history, the
mechanisms governing
deformation and the driving forces.
Often the purpose is a
geometric
or
kinematic framework to help interpret non-structural data
(this is the case in most academic studies in geology).Purpose of Structural Geology
Slide13(Robinson, Geosphere, 2008)
Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17Alpes
Pennines
Centrales
(
Argand
, 1909)
Slide18Large tangential motion can occur within continents as has long been inferred by geologist. ‘Thrust tectonics’ is not a new concept!
Emile
Argand's
classic view of Alpine evolution seen in stages in cross-section (oldest at the bottom, youngest at the top). Originally published in 1916.
Slide19Slide20Class OutlineDeformation of the lithosphere, an overview
Basic Techniques in Structural Geology and Tectonics
Basics of continuum mechanics
Deformation mechanism
Joints and fault mechanics
Architecture
and structural evolution of
orogenic
belts