Topical Agents Definition - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Topical Agents

Slide2

Definition

Topical : Place the use of these drugs or compounds on the surface

Ex: Antiseptic

Systemic: The drugs are absorbed into circulatory system and distributed to various organs or tissues.

Slide3

Types of inorganic topical agents

The compounds used topically will be divided into broad categories based on their usual action or uses.

There are TWO types:

1- Protective agents.

2- Antimicrobial agents.

Slide4

Protective agents

Are substances which may be applied to skin to protect certain areas from irritation.

Properties of protective agents are insoluble in water ( H2O), and chemically inert (

unreactive

), in order to prevent interactions between the protective substance and the tissue.

Also, small fine partials(large surface area).

Slide5

Classification of protective agents

1- Dusting powders.

2-Suspensions.

3- Ointments

Slide6

Talc

MgO.4SiO2.H2O

Hydrous magnesium silicate, very fine white powder, smoothly, greasy feeling to the touch( soapstone).

Talc is characterized as fine powder ( 80/100) mesh particle size, odorless, insoluble in water ,

dil

HCl

, bases.

Slide7

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Uses of Talc

1- It is useful in lubricating, protective dusting,

Can be prevent any friction.

2-Used for wound & surgical incision because can produce sterile abscesses

3- Used in medical gloves.( plastic disposable)

4- Used in cosmetic may be perfumed

Medical Talc by mixing boric acid with talc as antimicrobial agents.

Slide9

Zinc Oxide

The chemical formula for Zinc oxide is

ZnO

Is a very fine,

oderless

, amorphous , white or fait yellow

powdwer

, can heated 400-500

∙

C

Zno

is insoluble in water, alcohol, but react with

dil

HCl

ZnO

+

HCl

--------- ZnCl

2

+ H

2

O

Slide10

Uses of Zinc Oxide

1- Is a mild astringent and weak antimicrobial agents. Used as powder, ointments to protect the skin.

2- Dusting powder used in the treatment of skin ulceration & other dermatological problems.

Medicated zinc oxide by mixing with boric acid as antimicrobial agents.

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Calamine

The formula is ZnO.xFe

2

O

3

Can be synthesized by mixing

ZnO

with ferric oxide.

It is a fine powder, water insoluble, alcohols ,adhering to the skin.

Slide12

Uses of Calamine

Calamine can be used as topical protective agent.

1- It is USP product used as dust powder, calamine lotion ( applied to skin )pink color.

Calamine is applied to the skin for its adsorbent, protective properties, used in dermatological problems.

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The calamine lotion contain

ZnO

and ferric oxide equally mixed

Bentonite

magma in the solution of Calcium hydroxide.

Phenolated

calamine lotion( USP ) contains 1% liquid which provide a local anesthetic and anti- itching action.

Slide14

Titanium Dioxide

TiO

2

as topical protective agent, it is characterized by off white powder color, tasteless, odorless. A 1 to 10 aqueous suspension of the solution is neutral to litmus paper.

It is insoluble in water ,

HCl

. HNO3,

dil

H2SO4.

It is soluble in HF, Conc. H2SO4.Also, in H2O2

TiO2 + H2O2 -------- TiO3

Tritium dioxide Titanium trioxide

Slide15

Uses of TiO2

TiO2 is a protective agent, topically, used as Sun screen light ( UV light radiation) due to its highly refractive index.

Many pharmaceutical preparation as TiO2 cream, 5, 10, ..25% ointments.

Other organic sun screen agent p- amino-benzoic acid ( PABA).

TiO2 used in cosmetic and paints.

Slide16

Aluminum

Aluminum ( Al ) is a silver- white metal as protective agents , highly affinity to O2 forming Al2O3as protective layer.

It is insoluble in water, alcohols, and uncreative towards HNO3,H2SO4

It react rapidly with

dil

HCl

HCl

+ Al ------ AlCl3. 6H2O

Aluminum, paste (

ZnO

with base ) used for prevent irritation.

Slide17

Silicon Polymer

There are inert protective substances occurring in liquid form known as Silicon oils;

e.g.dimethyl

silicon (

Dimethicon,or

Simethicone

)

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3 Si-O- ( - Si - O ) ------Si - CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

Very well adhere to skin, but not wound, be avoided contact to the eyes.

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Slide19

Topical Agents

3

rd

Year Pharmacy

2016 - 2017

Slide20

Outline

Classification a- protective b- antimicrobial agents

A- protective products

Talc , Zinc oxide ZnO, Calamine, Titinum oxide TiO2, Al products& silicon polymer

Antimicrobials

Mechanism 1-oxidation H

2

O

2

,ZnO,KMnO

4

, Iodine

2- Halogenations NaOCl

3- protein ppt AgNO

3

.

Slide21

Protective Agents

Protective

Any agent that isolates the exposed surface from harmful or annoying stimuli

Properties of protective agents:

Insoluble in water

Chemical Inertness

Adsorbent

Slide22

Deeper penetration of topical agents are also seen in many cases which are beneficial. (Penetration of antiseptics into the tissue

 

below

 

the

 

skin

 

prevents

 

the

 

possibility

 

of

 

deeper

 

infections

)-

Slide23

Protective Agents

Talc

Talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

protective: native hydrous magnesium silicate, common name and chemical formula.

Soapstone can be grinding in 80/100 mesh particle size.

As grease touch., insoluble in water,

Uses as protective agents , as lubricants and in  pharmaceuticals, as cosmetics, ceramics,  for plastic cloves,

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Zinc Oxide ( ZnO )

White or fait yellow color powder, insoluble in water. Other formulation as Zinc Oxide ointment for adult, & Zinc Oxide in Glycerin for children.

Dusting powder, used astringent and protective topical agent, mild antiseptic, used in the acne preparation, eczema,& psoriasis

It is usually used in the manufacture of plasters.

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Calamine ZnO and Fe2O3

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It used as dusting powder, lotions, ointments, as smoothing agents, for sunburn, eczema, urticaria. Calamine lotion is very popular.

Slide27

Boric Acid H

3BO3

Is a weak acid, used as antiseptic, and as chemical precursor for many reactions.

Uses:

1- Antiseptic

2- dilute solution for eye wash

3-Acne

4- Vaginal douche against bacteria.

5-It used as protective against athlete foot.

Slide28

Titanium dioxide TiO2

Topical protective agents as cream is used against sunscreen to protect the skin aganist ultra-violet light ( U.V.).

The organic topical protective agents is

P-aminobenzoic acid ( PABA) .

Slide29

Antimicrobial Agents

Antiseptic:

Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms found in living tissue.

Disinfectant:

Any agent which kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms found in inanimate objects.

Germicide:

General term for fungicide, bactericide, amoebicide

Slide30

Mechanisms of action of antimicrobials

There are THREE proposal mechanisms:

1-Oxidation

2-Halogenation

Protein Precipitation3-

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Oxidation

cell membrane of bacteria

SH SH S---S

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Halogenation the protein of the cell membrain

H2N CHR CO NH CHR1---

(

HOCl

)

NaOCl

H2NCHRCONCl CHR!...

Slide33

Protein pption that kill the microbe

H2NCHR1CONHCHR2----

AgNO3

H2NCHR1CONHCHR2---

Ag

Slide34

Hydrogen Peroxide H

2O2

liquid not store in glass bottles because it decompose ,it store in white plastic container, keep in cold dark place to prevent decomposition.

There are many uses :

1- Antiseptic for wash wound , teeth and ear

2-Bleaching color ( hair ).

3- Laundry for cloths.

Slide35

Sodium Perborate

Antimicrobial

: 

Composite of H2O2, NaBO2 and NaOH

Used as bleaching agent in non-chlorine laundry bleaches

Slide36

Potassium Permanganate KMnO

4

Chemically is a strong oxidizing agent, solid purple crystalline , odorless.

Store in well closed container.

Uses:

1- Oxidizing agent for skin disease in different concentrations 1: 5000, 1:15000

2- used in swimming pool for athlete foot.

3- Strong oxidizing for many organic reactions.

Slide37

Iodine I

2

It is dark violet ,insoluble in water , but the

I

2

+ KI = I

3

– Complex soluble in water as iodine solution, soluble in alcohol known as tincture iodine

Iodine solution weak solution ( 25g I

2

+ 25g KI ) in 100ml

And strong solution ( 50g I

2

+ 50g KI ) in 100 ml.

Iodine preparations and compounds

Antimicrobial property due to oxidation and Iodination disinfectants

A chemical reagents in analytical reagent.

In drug synthesis.

In Povidin iodine as new product.

Slide38

Povidone Iodine ( PVP – I)

is a stable chemical complex of poly vinyl pyrrolidine iodide. It is broad spectrum antiseptic for wounds. It is used disinfectant .

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2- Halogenation

Dakin's Solution

Sodium hypochlorite solution, (usp)

 

Contains 4-6% of NaOCl,

It is made from bleach that has been diluted and treated to decrease irritation. Chlorine, the active ingredient in Dakin's solution, is a strong antiseptic that kills most forms of bacteria and viruses.

.

Slide40

3- Protein ppt (Silver Nitrate AgNO3)

Prepare as 1% AgNO3 , protective from light due to oxidation. Effective against gonococcal organism.

Antimicrobial activity of these compounds is due to protein precipitant action.

1% used eye newborn babies.