RI9104 I can determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text including figurative connotative and technical meanings analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and ID: 510802
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Slide1
DIDLS
R.I.9-10.4
I
can determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative and technical meanings, analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and
tone.Slide2
Using DIDLS
An acronym to help remember the basic elements of tone when analyzing prose or
poetry.
Diction
, images, details, language, and sentence structure all help to create the author's or speaker's attitude toward the subject and audience.
Diction:
the connotation of the word choice.
Imagery:
vivid appeals to understanding through the senses
Details:
facts that are included or those omitted
Language:
the overall use of language, such as formal, clinical, or jargon
Sentence structure:
how structure affects the readerSlide3
TONE
to misinterpret tone is to misinterpret meaning
A brief scene with a simple dialogue between two students
using differing tones to fit different characters and contexts emphasizes how tone changes
meaning. For example:
A. You're late!
B. I know. I couldn't help it.
A. I understand.
B. I knew you would.
A. I have something for you.
B. Really? What?
A. This!
How might this scene be played by two lovers who are meeting at a restaurant where
one lover is about to propose marriage?
How would two spies speak the same words?
How would a parent and a child who has come home late do so?
In each scenario, the tone controls audience understanding and interpretation.Slide4
Diction
(shapes our perceptions)
Diction – the connotation of the word choice.
Good writers ditch words
like pretty, nice, and bad.
Instead they
employ words that invoke a
specific effect
:
A
coat isn’t
torn
; it is
tattered
.
The United
States Army does not
want
revenge;
it is
thirsting
for revenge. A door does not
shut
; it
thuds
. Specific diction brings the reader
into the
scene, enabling full participation in
the writer’s
world.Slide5
Types of diction…
Diction
depends
on the occasion
.
Ex. Clothes - level
of formality influences
appropriate choices
.
Formal diction - scholarly writing and serious prose or poetryInformal/casual diction - expository essays, newspaper editorials, and works of fictionColloquial/slang diction - reflect informal speech and are typically used to create a mood or capture a particular historic or regional dialect.
Formal Diction
Casual Diction
Slang (very informal)
are not angry
aren't mad
ain't
ticked Slide6
Diction and connotation/denotation
When
studying diction,
it’s imperative that you understand
both connotation (the
meaning suggested
by a word) and denotation (
literal meaning
).
When a writer calls a character slender, the word evokes a different feeling from calling the character gaunt. A word’s power to produce a strong reaction in the reader lies mainly in its connotative meaning.Slide7
Imagery – vivid appeals to understanding through the five senses
Imagery
– language that appeals to the five senses
The use of vivid descriptions or figures of speech that appeal to sensory experiences helps to create the author's tone
.
For
example, if a narrator visiting a farm describes the awful smells rather than the beautiful countryside, her description would tell us something about her attitude.Slide8
Details
Details consist of words or phrases that are less appealing to the senses – facts or information- than imagery. They can help reveal the tone or attitude of an author.
When analyzing details, look for patterns and contrasts. What does the author keep mentioning? Ex. Flowers, trees, birds, - nature imagery. Or what details are complete opposites? Ex. the shiny new shoes of the teacher and the tattered coats of the students
ex. An author describing a
battlefield
might include details about the
stench of
rotting bodies
or
he might not. Slide9
Language
Like word choice,
the language
of a passage has control over
tone.
Language is
the
entire body of
words
used in a text, not just isolated bits of diction. It is important to develop a vocabulary that describes language. Different from tone, these words describe the force or quality of the diction, images, and details. These words qualify how the work is written, not the attitude or tone. Slide10
Words to describe language
academic
colorless
esoteric
informal
offensive
provincial
concrete
euphemistic
ordinaryscholarlyartificialconnotativeexactjargonsensuousblandcrypticfigurativelearnedpicturesquesimple
bombastic
cultured
formal
literal
plain
slang
casual
detached
grotesque
moralistic
poetic
symbolic
Cerebral
appeal to intellect rather than intuition
emotional
Homespun -
unpolished
obscure
precise
trite
colloquial
pretentious
vulgarSlide11
Sentence structure
We look for the types of sentences, and how they are organized.
We look
for the way in which the structure reflects attitude, purpose, and meaning.Slide12
Elements of Sentence Structure
Sentence Length
(short
, medium, or long
?)
Sentence beginnings
(variety
or repetitive pattern
?)
Arrangement of ideas in a sentence (most to least important, etc.)Type of sentence ( declarative, imperative, interrogative, exclamatory)Type of sentence (simple, compound, complex, compound-complex )Loose sentence (Ex: We ate dinner that evening after the thunderstorm.)Periodic sentence (Ex: That evening,
after
the thunderstorm, we ate dinner.)
Balanced sentence
(phrases/clauses balance each
other
in likeness of structure, meaning,
or length
: e.g., He
maketh
me
to lie
down in green pastures; he
leadeth
me beside the
still waters
.)
Natural order sentence
(subject first, predicate second
)
Inverted order sentence
(predicate first, subject second
)
Split order
sentence
(Ex: In
California
oranges grow.)
Juxtaposition
(normally
unassociated ideas, words,
phrases
are placed next to one another)
Parallel structure
(structural
similarity between
sentences
or parts of a sentence)
Repetition
(words
, sounds, ideas are repeated to create emphasis)
Rhetorical question
(expects
no
answer)Slide13
How a sentence is constructed affects what the audience understands
Parallel syntax (similarly styled phrases and sentences) creates interconnected emotions, feelings and ideas.
Short sentences are punchy and intense. Long sentences are distancing, reflective and more abstract.
Loose sentences point at the end. Periodic sentences point at the beginning, followed by modifiers and phrases.
The inverted order of an interrogative sentence cues the reader to a question and creates tension between speaker and listener.
Short sentences are often emphatic, passionate or flippant, whereas longer sentences suggest greater thought.
Sentence structure affects tone.Slide14
Analyzing short passages for discussion
Today we will practice
the analysis of tone by
using
Passages from
The Glass Castle
by Jeanette Wall.Slide15
The Glass Castle
This memoir is a look
into a family at once deeply dysfunctional and uniquely vibrant. When sober, Jeannette’s brilliant and charismatic father captured his children’s imagination, teaching them physics, geology, and how to embrace life fearlessly. But when he drank, he was dishonest and destructive. Her mother was a free spirit who abhorred the idea of domesticity and didn’t want the responsibility of raising a family
. Walls
spent decades hiding an excruciating childhood filled with poverty and shocking neglect.Slide16
B1 Small groups
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Sameer Eric Michael Keegan
Elizabeth B Olivia Grace Ireland
Elizabeth H Vicki Chandler
Dameon
Katie
Bradley
Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8
Brady Mandy Emma KendallJ.R. Will Elliott HannahSierra Megan Bailey KimberlyIsabella MadisonSlide17
A4 Small groups
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Arya Zach Bryson Gloria
Kate
Chanler
Oscar Tess
Richelle Matthew Abigail Natalie
Kadasia
Mickey Hope Chase LauraGroup 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8Ethan Nathan Noah BrandonGillian Kionte Aliya CameronTrey Cody Alivia Charlotte Jimmy