Making reading a priority - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Making reading a priority

David Didau

Sheredes School Conference

12

th

November 2015Slide2

Reading is complicatedSlide3

Language comprehension processes

Word decoding/recognition processes

An accuracy issue?

An intelligence issue?

Skilled reading

A fluency issue?

What’s the issue?Slide4
Slide5

Alphabetic Codes

English

:

Opaque code

44 smallest speech sounds (phonemes)47+ units of sound /

k+s/ /kw/ /

y+oo/ /ul

/170+ spelling alternatives (graphemes)

(double that for rare & unique spellings)

Spanish

:

Transparent code

24 phonemes

40 graphemes

Fewer spelling alternatives than

sounds

in EnglishSlide6

The importance of fluencyThey

gradually

ascended

forhalf

a

milethen

found

themselves

at

the

top

of

a

considerable

eminence

where

the

wood

ceased

the

and

eye

was

instantly

caught

by

Pemberley

House

situated

on

the

opposite

side

of

the

valley

, into

which

the

road

with

some

abruptness

wound.Slide7

Is comprehension possible?How far did they climb?Where did the characters find themselves? At what point did they first see Pemberley House

?

Where were they standing when they first saw the house?How did the author describe the road?Slide8

Comprehension depends on reading speedThey gradually ascended for half a mile then found themselves at the top of a considerable eminence where the wood ceased and the eye was instantly caught by Pemberley House situated on the opposite side of the valley, into which the road with some abruptness wound

.

How far did they climb?

Where did the characters find themselves?

At what point did they first see Pemberley House?

Where were they standing when they first saw the house?

How did the author describe the road?Slide9

The cognitive processesVisual auditoryAttentionBlocking distractions

Visual systems

Application of rules associating letters to soundsSaccadesHigher level language comprehensionMeaning of wordsSemantic & grammatical systems

Working memoryInference & hypothesisAnticipationSlide10

MemoryLong termAccuracyFluency

Prior knowledge

VocabularyStoriesFast, automatic, invisible

WorkingInferencesClarificationsHypothesesPredictions

Requires attention & effortSlide11

Proud mum in a million Natalie Brown hugged her beautiful baby daughter Casey yesterday and said: “She’s my double miracle.”

1 - Where would you find this text?

2 - How do you know?Slide12

The blood vessels of the circulatory system, branching into multitudes of very fine tubes (capillaries), supply all parts of the muscles and organs with blood, which carries oxygen and food necessary for life.

1 - Where would you find this text?

2 - How do you know?Slide13

Ensure that the electrical supply is turned off. Ensure the existing circuit to which the fitting is to be connected has been installed and fused in accordance with current L.L.L.

wiring

regulations.

1 - Where would you find this text?2 - How do you know?Slide14

SKIMMING

Reading a text quickly to get an overview of the meaningSlide15

The Laki eruption was one of the most devastating eruptions in human history. Iceland lies on the mid-Atlantic ridge and its volcanoes pose a constant threat, although very few of them produce violent eruptions because the magma is usually basaltic and relatively free-flowing. In 1783–84, a major eruption from the Laki fissure poured out an estimated 14 km

3 of basaltic lava and clouds of poisonous compounds. The volcano is located in a remote part of Iceland and no one was killed by the event itself. However, the secondary effects were devastating because the poisonous cloud killed over half of Iceland’s livestock population, leading to a famine which killed approximately a quarter of the population. Slide16
Slide17

Searching a text quickly to pick out

key information

SCAN

NINGSlide18

How many Irish provinces were there?

When did

Henry II persuaded Pope Adrian IV to give him authority to conquer Ireland?

What were the names of the 3 towns taken by the English?Slide19

Six kings ruled six Irish provinces, each of which had many tribes with their own kings. Traditionally a High King of Ireland claimed tribute from the other kings. The last High King was Brian Boru, King of Munster, who died in 1014 while defeating the Danes at Clontarf. His rival, the King of Leinster, aided by the Danes who, after 1014, ruled Dublin, Waterford and Limerick. Four Kings – of Leinster, Munster, Connaught and Ulster – fought for Boru’s

crown. In 1154 Henry II persuaded Pope Adrian IV to give him authority to conquer Ireland. In 1166 he had his chance. MacMurrough (Leinster) had stolen the wife of O’Rourke of Breffney, a neighbour of O’Connor (Connaught). All the kings condemned MacMurrough and banished him. He asked for Henry’s help. He sent de Clare (Strongbow), Earl of Pembroke to lead an army of chain-clad knights, supported by Welsh archers. The unarmoured Irish, with their Danish battle-axes were no match for them. The English took Wexford, Waterford and Dublin

How many provinces?

When did Henry II persuade the pope? What 3 towns?Slide20

How many Irish provinces were there?

When did

Henry II persuaded Pope Adrian IV to give him authority to conquer Ireland?

What were the names of the 3 towns taken by the English?Slide21

ZOOMING

Zoom in on certain words, phrases and sentences to understand the text in more detailSlide22
Slide23
Slide24
Slide25

Zooming in and out

Zooming in (analysing) allows us to see detail we would otherwise miss

We need to zoom out (evaluating) that the can understand how the detail fits into the big pictureSlide26

But…

Comprehension also depends on background knowledge.Slide27

A manifold, contained in an intuition, which I call mine, is represented by means of the synthesis of the understanding, as belonging to the necessary unity of self-consciousness; and this is effected by means of the category.Immanuel Kant – Critique of Pure Reason

What are the main ideas of this passage?

1. Without a manifold, one cannot call an intuition ‘mine’. 2. Intuition must precede understanding. 3. Intuition must occur through a category. 4. Self-consciousness is necessary to understanding Slide28

What % of vocabulary do we need to know in order to understand a text?

95% Slide29

Gregory had done all he could to complete the task. When Horace approached his cousin he could see that Gregory was exhausted. Smiling broadly, Horace said, “You know there are dire

results for your attempt.”

Misdirective contexts

tregSlide30

Dan heard the door open and wondered who had arrived. He couldn’t make out the voices. Then he recognised the lumbering

footsteps on the stairs and knew it was Aunt Grace.

Nondirective contexts

crederingSlide31

Joe and Stan arrived at the party a 7 o’clock. By 9:30. the evening seemed to drag for Stan. But Joe really seemed to be having a good time at the party. “I wish I could be as gregarious

as he is,” thought Stan.

General contexts

gurberousSlide32

When the cat pounced on the dog, he leapt up, yelping, and knocked down a shelf of books. The animals ran past Wendy, tripping her. She cried out and fell to the floor. As the noise and confusion mounted, Mother hollered upstairs, “What’s all that

commotion

?”Directive contexts

gamorionSlide33

Vocabulary buildingTier 1 – high frequency in spoken language

Tier

2 – high frequency in written textsTier

3 – subject specific, academic languageSlide34

Tier 2 VocabularyJohnny Harrington was a kind master who treated his servants fairly. He was also a successful wool merchant, and his business required that he travel often. In his absence, his servants would tend to the fields and cattle and maintain the upkeep of his mansion. They performed their duties happily, for they felt fortunate to have such a benevolent and trusting master.Slide35

Tier 2 VocabularyJohnny Harrington was a kind master who treated his servants fairly. He was also a successful wool merchant

, and his business required

that he travel often. In his absence, his servants would tend to the fields and cattle and maintain the upkeep of his mansion. They

performed their duties happily, for they felt fortunate to have such a

benevolent and trusting master.Slide36

Tier 2 VocabularyMerchant shop keeper

Required have to

Tend look afterMaintain keep goingPerformed did Fortunate lucky Benevolent kind Slide37

Recognition

Pronunciation

Definition

Vocabulary building

Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction

, Isabelle BeckSlide38

Explicit vocabulary instruction

Use texts rich in Tier 2 vocabulary

Give synonyms & examples of specific circumstances

in which words might be used

Teach roots, prefixes & suffixesSlide39

Reading for pleasureSlide40

Reading for pleasureHow can we get students to value reading?Establishing social

normsIt’s cool to be smart

Every book will teach you somethingBooks allow us to have experiences beyond our livesSlide41

Reading makes you smarter

Below expected level %

At expected level %Above expected level %Very much

2.463.534.2Quite a lot

4.283.512.3A bit

17.475.86.8Not at all

3754.98.1

Enjoyment of reading and reading attainment in 2012 (n=13,710)Slide42
Slide43

Reading makes you smarter

Below expected level %

At expected level %Above expected level %Every day

3.768.326.1A few times a week7.1

81.711.2About once a week

13.678.48A few times a month

14.178.87.1

About once a month18.972.28.9

Rarely

25.1

67

7.9

Never

36.2

58.3

5.4

Reading frequency and reading attainment in 2012 (n=13,710Slide44

Read often + enjoy reading + read good books = smarter, happier, more successfulSlide45

Every hour spent reading is an hour spent learning to write

.

Robert MacFarlaneSlide46

There’s nothing

good or bad but thinking

makes it so.

@LearningSpy

ddidau@gmail.com

www.learningspy.co.uk