Optimizing Stratification through Blocking Backdoors Farrokh Alemi PhD Causal Analysis of Observational Data Misleading Comparisons Causal Analysis of Observational Data Potential Outcomes Misleading Comparisons ID: 773669
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Optimizing Stratification through Blocking Backdoors Farrokh Alemi, Ph.D.
Causal Analysis of Observational Data Misleading Comparisons
Causal Analysis of Observational Data Potential Outcomes Misleading Comparisons
Causal Analysis of Observational Data Simple, Easy, Fast, Graphical Conditioning or Stratification Potential Outcomes Misleading Comparisons
Conditioning on Strata T Cause Absent Cause Present Ceteris Paribus
Different Names for Same Thing Pearl’s “Do Operation”
Do Operation: Backdoors, Markov Blanket, & Directed Separation
Find variables that d-separate every pair of non-adjacent nodes R: Renal Complication D: Diabetes H: Dehydration N: Neuropathy T: Treatment S: Survival
Find variables that d-separate every pair of non-adjacent nodes R: Renal Complication D: Diabetes H: Dehydration N: Neuropathy T: Treatment S: Survival
When Z are Variables that Block Backdoor Then: Causal Impact of X on Y
When Z are Variables that Block Backdoor Then: Propensity Score
Impractical Many Few Explosion Ouch
Path Overlapping Pairs of Connected Variables
Backdoor Path Starts from Outcome & Points to Treatment
Stratify Only Variables that Block All Backdoor Paths
Surprise g All Backward Paths Mediator, Common Cause, but not Common Effect
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obesity Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ? Does Antibiotic Use Increase Diabetes
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obesity Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ? Does Antibiotic Use Increase Diabetes
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obesity Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ? Does Antibiotic Use Increase Diabetes
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obesity Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ? Does Antibiotic Use Increase Diabetes
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obesity Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ? Does Antibiotic Use Increase Diabetes
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obese Patients Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ?
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obese Patients Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ?
Obesogenic Anti-Depressant Obese Patients Diabetes Infection Antibiotic Treatment ?
A B C F D G Y U V ? Can You Find the Backdoor Paths? What is causal impact of D on Y
A B C F D G Y U V ? First Backdoor Path
A B C F D G Y U V ? Second Backdoor Path
A B C F D G Y U V ? Minimal Block Set
Blocking Back Door Paths No Need to Condition on All Alternative Explanations
Focus on Parents of Markov Blanket of Treatment All backdoor paths go through parents of treatment
Algorithm for Minimal Block Set Step 1: Remove events that occur after treatment
Algorithm for Minimal Block Set Step 1: Remove events that occur after treatment Step 2: Regress treatment on covariates
Algorithm for Minimal Block Set Step 1: Remove events that occur after treatment Step 3: Check for new backdoor paths Step 2: Regress treatment on covariates
Stratify a Subset of Covariates: Parents on Markov Blanket of Treatment