Chapter 17 pg 547571 Case Forms Practice Ex 1 pg 548 Identify personal pronouns and give person number and case Jeffery mentioned your interest in African art and Francines interest in modern art ID: 537906
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Slide1
Pronoun Agreement
Chapter 17 pg 547-571Slide2
Case FormsSlide3
Practice: Ex 1 pg 548
Identify personal pronouns and give person, number, and case
Jeffery mentioned your interest in African art and Francine’s interest in modern art.
Jeffery mentioned
your
interest in African art and Francine’s interest in modern art.
Second person, singular/plural, possessiveSlide4
Practice: Ex 1 pg 548
Did you and she know that African masks like the one below left influenced the development of the Modernist movement in art?
Did
you
and
she
know that African masks like the one below left influenced the development of the Modernist movement in art?
You: second person, singular, nominative
She: third person, singular, nominativeSlide5
Practice: Ex 1 pg 548
I’ve learned that African carvings inspired such twentieth-century artists as Pablo Picasso, who created this painting on the right.
I
’ve learned that African carvings inspired such twentieth-century artists as Pablo Picasso, who created this painting on the right.
I: first person, singular, nominativeSlide6
Practice: Ex 1 pg 548
The year 1905 was probably when he and his friends first saw African masks exhibited in Paris.
The year 1905 was probably when
he
and
his
friends first saw African masks exhibited in Paris.
He: third person, singular, nominative
His: third person, singular, possessiveSlide7
Practice: Ex 1 pg 548
Amedeo Modigliani was especially affected by the stark masks, and he and Picasso created many works based upon them.
Amedeo Modigliani was especially affected by the stark masks, and
he
and Picasso created many works based upon
them
.
He: third person, singular, nominative
Them: third person, plural, objective
You Try! Finish numbers 6-10 on your own.Slide8
New Information
Learning Target
Students will use pronouns in the nominative case correctly.
Success Criteria
I can use my notes on nominative case pronouns to use them correctly in context.Slide9
The Nominative Case
Pronouns are used as the subjects of verbs (i.e. the subject of the sentence) or as predicate nominatives.
Generally found after the verb, they describe or rename the subject
Ms. VanderMeer is a surprisingly good chef
Ms. VanderMeer = chef
I, You, He, She, It, We, TheySlide10
The Nominative Case
Use I, You, He, She, It, We, or They when telling whom or what the sentence or clause is about
Examples
She became an actor.
He knows that they egged the house.
Johnny and he are on the football team.
Johnny and she went on a date last week.
The date was bad, so she and Johnny broke up.
Poor Johnny. Slide11
The Nominative Case: Practice
She and I
gave
the dog a bath.
Terry and he
plan
to try out for the soccer team.
We
sophomores
organized
the recycling campaign.
James Earl Jones and she
are
excellent role models for young actors.
Are
you and he
doing
the report?
Either
we or they
may go
to the championship finals.
The drill team and
we
took
the bus.
The twins said that
they
go
everywhere together.Slide12
The Nominative Case: Practice
Exercise Two page 550
The judge and ____ studied the evidence.
The judge and
she
studied the evidence.
Ted and ____ took the wrong train.
Ted and
he
took the wrong train.
Linda and ____ are planning a party.
Linda and
I
are planning a party.
You do the rest!Slide13
The Nominative Case
A predicate nominative completes the meaning of a linking verb and refers to the subject of the verb.
A personal pronoun generally completes a form of the verb “be”: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been.
It was he who pulled the fire alarm.
It = he
The owners of the store were they.
They = the ownersSlide14
The Nominative Case: Practice
Exercise Four page 551
Do you think it was ____?
Do you think it was
she
?
It must have been ____.
It must have been
he
.
Good friends are ____.
Good friends are
they
.
Your turn! Finish this exercise, then complete Review A on pages 551-552Slide15
New Information
Learning Target
Students will use objective case pronouns correctly in context.
Success Criteria
I can use my notes on objective case pronouns to make sure I am using them correctly in context.Slide16
The Objective Case
Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them
Used as:
Direct Objects
Tells who or what receives the action
The presenter bored
him and me
.
Indirect Objects
Tells to whom or to what, or for whom or for what the action is done
The teacher taught
us
a lesson on metaphors.
Objects of a Preposition
Follows a preposition and is part of the prepositional phrase
The center passed the ball to
her.Slide17
Objective Case: More Examples
Direct Object—answers who or what?
Mike
met
her
at the fair.
Mike
likes
her
a lot.
She
left
him
at the bus stop where she
met
her
boyfriend
.
She
kissed
him
while getting on the bus.
Mike
saw
them
riding the bus to town.
Mike
followed
them
on his bike.
Mike
punched
him
in the face.
The police
arrested
Mike
for assault.
The police
bring
him
in front of a jury.Slide18
Objective Case: More Examples
Indirect Objects—answer to or for whom or what?
Mike
told
them
his
story
.
The jury
gave
him
a
chance
to make things right.
Mike
wrote
her
a
note
telling her he was sorry.
Mike even
gave
her
a
bouquet
of roses to prove it.Slide19
Objective Case: More Examples
Object of a Preposition—follows a preposition (squirrels and trees)
The flowers Mike sent
to
her
touched her heart.
She wrote back
to
him
saying she was sorry.
She is going to break up with her boyfriend
for
him
.
She tells her old boyfriend to stay away
from
them
.
Mike breaks out of prison to run away
with
her
.Slide20
Objective Case: Examples
There were calls
for
Walker and
us
.
This message is
from
Dolores and
her
.
With
Arnie and
them
were the Malone twins.
Margo looked
toward
Francine and
me
.
They gave copies
to
him and
me
.
This drawing is
by
either Hector or
him
.
Don’t hold this
against
Cho and
her
.
Between
Vince and
him
sat an iguana.Slide21
Objective Case: Practice
Exercise 5 page 553
The old sailor warned ____ about the danger.
The old sailor warned
us
about the danger.
The city awarded ____ its highest honor for bravery.
The city awarded
them
its highest honor for bravery.
Your turn! Finish this exercise and exercise 6 on page 555.Slide22
New Information
Learning Targets
Students will know when to use the possessive case.
Students will know when to use who or whom.
Success Criteria
I can use what I know about subjects and objects to determine the correct use of who/whom.Slide23
The Possessive Case
My, Mine, Your, Yours, His, Her, Hers, Its, Our, Ours, Their, Theirs
Shows ownership or possession
Sometimes can be used in the same was as nominative and objective cases
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
Mine
is yellow. (subject)
The broken glass was
his
. (pred. nom.)
Molly takes
theirs
out on Saturday. (dir. ob.)
Molly gave
yours
a lecture on tidiness. (in. ob.)
They brought the car to
ours
to be fixed. (ob. of prep.)Slide24
The Possessive Case
My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their: modify nouns and pronouns
This is
my
house
.
Why don’t you use
your
own
book
?
Leave
his
cat
alone.
**These can also be referred to as adjectives**Slide25
The Possessive Case: Gerunds
Gerund: verb that ends in –
ing
and acts like a noun
Pronouns modifying gerunds need to be in the possessive case because (technically) a gerund = a noun
Gerund DOES NOT EQUAL a present participle (verb that ends in –
ing
that is actually a verb or adjective) Consider these two sentences:
Whitaker did not like the woman standing in front of him at the parade.
Whitaker did not like the woman’s standing in front of him at the parade.
We all supported
his
deciding to go into the army.
We all saw
him
exercising daily.Slide26
Who or Whom Really Cares?
Used in a subordinate clause
Looks like a complete sentence, but doesn’t form a complete thought
Has subject and verb, doesn’t pass the “I know that” test
Nominative Case: use who, whoever
Objective Case: Use whom, whomeverSlide27
We Do!
To determine whether you need to use
who
or
whom
1. Find the subordinate clause
Roscoe is the only student
(who/whom) earned a perfect score.
2. Find the verb
Roscoe is the only student
(who/whom)
earned
a perfect score.
3. Determine if the (who/whom) is functioning as a subject or an object
Roscoe is the only student
who
earned
a perfect score.
Who
is the subject of the verb
earnedSlide28
Who or Whom?
1. Find the subordinate clause
Did they say
(who/whom) the winner is
?
2. Find the verb
Did they say
(who/whom) the winner
is
?
3. Determine if the (who/whom) is acting as a subject or object
Did they say
who
the winner
is
?
Who
is the subject of the verb
isSlide29
Who or Whom?
1. Find the subordinate clause
I saw Sabrina
(who/whom) I know from school.
2. Identify the verb
I saw Sabrina
(who/whom) I
know
from school.
3. Determine if the (who/whom) is acting as a subject or an object
I saw Sabrina,
whom
I
know
from school.
Whom
is the object of the verb
knowSlide30
Who practices with whom?
The weatherman (who/whom) is on Channel 7 is always wrong.
The weatherman
(who/whom) is on Channel 7
is always wrong.
The weatherman
(who/whom)
is
on Channel 7
is always wrong.
The weatherman
who
is
on Channel 7
is always wrong.Slide31
Who practices with whom?
She married a man (who/whom) she met at school.
She married a man
(who/whom) she met at school.
She married a man
(who/whom) she
met
at school.
She married a man
whom
she
met
at school.Slide32
Who practices with whom?
I know a person (who/whom) would be perfect for the part!
I know a person
(who/whom)
would be
perfect for the part!
I know a person
who
would be
perfect for the part!
I called the couple (who/whom) had answered the ad.
I called the couple
(who/whom)
had answered
the ad.
I called the couple
who
had answered
the ad.Slide33
What Do You Notice?
Use WHO when the next word is a verb
The woman
who
answered
the phone
took my order.
Use WHOM when the next word is not a verb
The manager called in the pitcher
whom
they
had
recently
acquired
in a trade
.
**CAUTION** sometimes adverbs can slip between WHO and the verb following!
I know a man
who
always
drives
really fast
.Slide34
Your Turn! (possessive pronoun)
Complete Ex 8 and 9 pg 559-560
DON’T GUESS!Slide35
New Information
Learning Target
Students will recognize appositive in context.
Success Criteria
Students will use what they know about appositives to select appropriate pronouns.Slide36
Appositives
An appositive is a group of words that appears next to and re-names a noun.
The Vikings’ last
game
,
an overall bloody battle
, was extremely exciting!
Pronouns used as appositives must be in the same case as the noun to which
they refer.
The late
arrivals
—
he,
she, and I
—will have extra homework tonight.
The article you are reading mentions the
winners
,
her and me
.Slide37
Appositives
Sometimes it’s switched!
The pronoun “we” or “us” is sometimes followed by a noun appositive
We
Vikings
are not bullies.
The teacher has rewarded
us
students
with candy.
We
teachers
are nice like that.
PRACTICE: Review E pg 561-562Slide38
New Information
Learning Target
Students will recognize errors in pronoun usage.
Success Criteria
I can recognize and correct problems with pronouns.Slide39
Clear Pronoun Reference
A pronoun should have a clear antecedent
Ambiguous Reference: more than one word could be the pronoun’s antecedent
Ex: I called
Mrs. Anderson
and
Mrs.
Krabill
to go shopping, but
she
couldn’t because she had a
basketball game.Slide40
Clear Pronoun Reference
General Reference: the pronoun refers to a general idea instead of a specific antecedent (it, this, that, which, such)
Ex: Mr. Lackenbucher broke his leg.
That
explains why he isn’t moving.
Ex: Mrs. Compo is going to dance in the lipsync again this year,
which
should be entertaining. Slide41
Clear Pronoun Reference
Weak Reference: the pronoun’s antecedent has been suggested, but not expressed.
Ex: My mom is an excellent quilter, and she makes
them
for children in neonatal units.
Ex: My sister runs marathons and she hopes to make
it
a permanent hobby.Slide42
Clear Pronoun Reference
Indefinite Reference: the pronoun does not refer to a specific antecedent and is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. (it, they, you)
Ex: In the book,
it
says that Lennie forgets things often.
Ex: During the Great Depression,
you
were very lucky if
you
had a job. Slide43
Clear Pronoun Reference
PRACTICE!
Ex 12 pg 568
TEST Review
A, B, C pg 569
DON’T GUESS! There are rules…follow them!