The Eastern Front Russia is far behind other European countries in industrialization Army faces major losses some troops desert Bolshevik Revolution Tsar Nicholas gives up the throne Russia withdraws from WWI in 1917 signs a separate treaty with Germany ID: 285276
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13.4 A Flawed Peace Slide2
The Eastern Front
Russia is far behind other European countries in industrialization
Army faces major losses, some troops desert Bolshevik Revolution – Tsar Nicholas gives up the throne
Russia withdraws from WWI in 1917, signs a separate treaty with GermanySlide3
U.S. Turns the Tides
U.S. troops are fresh, not war weary
Before: trenches unable to advance more than 10 miles in any direction
After: U.S. fights in the 2nd Battle of the Marne, pushing Germans backSlide4
Central Powers Surrender
Austria-Hungary faces unrest within its own borders
Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria surrender
German Kaiser abdicates, and armistice is signed on 11/11/1918 at 11 A.M. Slide5
The Peace Conference
Big Four: leaders from each of the winning powers get together to discuss the peace treaty
U.S. – Woodrow Wilson
England – David Lloyd GeorgeFrance – Georges ClemenceauItaly – Vittorio OrlandoSlide6
Treaty of Versailles
Conflicting Visions of Peace
Wilson =
fair treatment
Clemenceau = Revenge – land, money, & keep Germany weak
France wants security from Germany in future, so they set up a buffer in the Rhineland
To punish Germany, they take away its colonies, place all of the war guilt on Germany, and assign $33 billion in reparationsSlide7
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
1. Open Diplomacy, no secret international agreements
4. Arms reduction to a point that still insures domestic safety.
5. Impartial adjustment of all colonial claims
.Slide8
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
7. Evacuation of Belgium with restoration of full
sovereignty
8. Restoration of the Alsace-Lorraine to France.
10. Autonomy for all nationalities of
Austria-HungarySlide9
League of Nations
The last of the 14 points:
14. Creation of a covenant for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
An organization where countries can meet and resolve their problems peacefullySlide10
Problems with the Treaty
German people question why they must take all of the blame
Harsh punishment leads to German anger, wishes for revenge
Germany cannot feasibly pay the high reparationsSlide11
Redrawing the Map of Europe
New countries form in the Balkans: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Turkey
Germany gives up land, Poland is formed
Russian lands also create new countries such as Lithuania, Latvia, and EstoniaSlide12