Voiced stops in English are never aspirated Voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated and sometimes not These voiceless stops will be aspirated a Wordinitial regardless of stress ID: 463438
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Slide1
d. Aspiration
Voiced stops (in English) are never aspirated.
Voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated and sometimes not.
These voiceless stops will be
aspirated
:
a.
Word-initial
, regardless of stress:
tap
, cat, Topeka
(stop precedes an unstressed vowel)
, command
(ditto)
[
t
h
Qp
] [
k
h
Qt
] [
t
h
«pik
«] [
k
h
«mQnd
]
b.
Intervocalic
(between 2 vowels) but
only when
preceding
a
stressed
vowel.
me
t
iculous
, re
p
air, re
c
alcitrant, re
t
urnSlide2
These voiceless stops will be
unaspirated:
a. Following /s/
s
t
op, s
k
ate, s
t
ick, s
t
are, s
p
ike
b.
Intervocalic, preceding an unstressed vowel
na
pp
ing, cam
p
er, si
ck
en,
su
pp
er, thirs
t
y
(Note: Sometimes these are
unaspirated,
sometimes they are
lightly aspirated
.)
See Table 5-2 (p. 96) of MacKay for a nice summary with examples
.Slide3
Voice Onset Time (VOT)
VOT = Interval between
articulatory release
and
onset of voicing.
voicing onset
release
[
p
h
ɑ]
[bɑ]
voicing onset and release ~ simultaneous
VOT ~0 ms
VOT ~85 msSlide4
Voice Onset Time (VOT)
voicing onset
release
[
p
h
ɑ
t
]
[
spɑt]
Very short delay between release and voicing onset (~10 ms)
VOT ~10 ms
VOT ~85 msSlide5
[
spɑt
]
(unaspirated
[p]
)
With [s] edited outSlide6
p
ack
[
p
hæk] capping [khæp
ɪŋ] (aspirated [p]) (lightly aspirated [p])
/p/ precedes stressed vowel (aspirated)
/p/
precedes unstressed vowel (unaspirated or lightly aspirated)