The LIFT II Project Funded by USAID Global Health Bureaus Office of HIVAIDS Fiveyear project through July 2018 Three core partners FHI360 CARE and World Vision and numerous resource organizations ID: 197846
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Slide1
An Introduction to Household Economic StrengtheningSlide2
The LIFT II Project
Funded by USAID Global Health Bureau’s Office of HIV/AIDS
Five-year project, through July 2018
Three core partners (FHI360, CARE and World Vision) and numerous resource organizations
Offers:
Support
for linkages
between Nutrition Assessment, Counseling and Support (NACS)
and economic strengthening, livelihoods, and food security
ES/L/FS services
Strengthened community services that provide ES/L/FS support as a component of a continuum of care for families.
Access
to tools and resources
M&E Support
Program quality and implementation support Slide3
What is Household Economic Strengthening?
“A
portfolio of interventions to reduce the economic vulnerability of
households and
empower them to provide
for the essential needs of the children they care for, rather than relying on external
assistance.”
PEPFAR working definition, 2011Slide4
Training objectives
By the end of the training, you will be able to
…
Define key terms related to HES
Explain why HES activities will enhance existing programs for OVCs
Describe poor populations along the HES framework
Describe and estimate the HES needs of the households with whom they are working
Explain the need to assess HH needs and capabilities
Describe how HES activities interact with the market and vice versa
Conduct basic organizational and partnership capacity assessments
For each of 3 HES
activities discussed,
describe
What they are
How they can help households and individuals
What types of HHs they are best suited to help
Key program design factors [to discuss with partners], and
Several pros and cons
Access M&E tools and describe M&E objectives for HES activitiesSlide5
What are Livelihoods?
A livelihood is the combination of the resources used and the activities undertaken in order to
ensure day-to-day and long-term survival.
working
to earn income,
bartering
owned
assets
for food,
growing / raising food,Feeding programs sending children to eat with neighbors, receiving government food assistance, etc. BeggingBoarding school
Examples of livelihood activities people undertake to access food
:Slide6
Important Concepts in Vulnerability
Households often become poor after experiencing a
shock
(e.g. sickness caused by HIV)
Vulnerability
to shocks varies between households, within households and over time
Household
livelihood strategies
are shaped in part by vulnerability
Coping mechanisms and safety nets are important to building resilience to shocks Slide7
Types of Coping Strategies
Minor Coping
Moderate
Coping
Severe Coping
Selling protective assets
Seeking wage labor
Migrating for work
Borrowing
Reducing spending and food consumption
Drawing on social assets
Selling productive assets
Borrowing at exorbitant rates
Further reducing spending and food consumption
Depending on charity;
Breaking up household
Migrating under distress
Going without foodSlide8
Why is HES Important?
Enables households to meet their needs, decrease reliance on moderate and severe coping strategies
Health, nutrition and economic well-being are closely linked.
Positive health and nutrition outcomes usually can’t be achieved while households lack access to income.
For LIFT, economic strengthening supports PEPFAR’s primary objectives:
HIV prevention
Care, treatment and support
Impact mitigationSlide9Slide10
Who are Vulnerable Children?
“[Children
] who, because of circumstances of birth or immediate environment, [are] prone to abuse or deprivation of basic needs, care and protection, and thus disadvantaged relative to [their] peers.”
National
Guidelines and Standards of Practice on Orphans and Vulnerable Children
, Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development. Nigeria, 2007. Slide11
Approaches to Household Economic Strengthening for Vulnerable ChildrenSlide12Slide13
“Review of Impacts on ES Programs on Children” (2011)
BENEFITS
Decrease or change in child labor
Enhanced care practices
Improved diet
Increased
school
attendance
Increased demand for non-economic services (health,
education, social capital building, etc.)Financial literacy in youngSocial capital in girlsHARMSIncreased child laborGender-based violenceDropout of programs not appropriateLow repayment of microloansSlide14
Poverty Tax
“Poverty Tax” causes the poorest to pay the most to meet their basic & essential needs
What does this mean for us?Slide15
Meeting the Needs of the Ultra Poor
The ultra poor…
Development interventions thus need to…
Have simultaneous and complex needs
Be integrated to provide support for multiple needs without impeding one another
Be coordinated
Are highly vulnerable to exigent shocks (weather, conflict, economic decline, etc)
Be flexible, able to meet varying & immediate
needs
Cannot move out of poverty overnight
Include long-term contingency planning
Have been excluded thus far (to a large extent) from successful (transformational) development interventions
Be explicitly targeted at this group
Work at national / regional level, must identify specific needs and vulnerability constraints affecting local ultra-poorSlide16
Household Economic Strengthening ActivitiesSlide17
Matching needs to HES ActivitiesSlide18
Provision
Promotion
Protection
Income
Income Growth
Income Stabilization
Risk Reduction
Loss Management
Destitute / Distress
LIVELIHOOD
PHASE
Time
The LIFT FrameworkSlide19
Group Discussion: Households and ES
Break into groups of 3
Take a few minutes and write on a sticky note a description of a HH you have worked with or that is typical of the populations we work with
Discuss each example and place on your copy of the PPP spectrum. Can also use printed examples provided.
Then we will place on the large diagram and discussSlide20
Current State of ES Programming
Challenges???Slide21
Current State of ES Programming
A lot of poor practice
R
equires
specialized skill sets and
expertise (just
as effective health programs
do)
Traditionally,
many ES activities have been implemented poorly, with untrained staff and have had limited resultsBudgets have often been insufficientSome interventions that are no longer widely practiced elsewhere (e.g. NGOs providing loans) are still widespread in ES programmingLimited learning from practices and experiences elsewhere Slide22
Common Problems in Economic Strengthening Slide23
How to “Do It Right”
Understand and assess household needs and capabilities
Research and predict the effect of activities on the market and vice versa
Select direct beneficiaries
Implement or partner?
Monitor, evaluate, adjust, repeatSlide24
How do we understand people’s needs and capabilities?Slide25
Understanding Beneficiaries
Who is the target population?
What do they need
to do to build capability?
What assistance is needed to build capability?
Challenges:
- human
natural
physical
financial
social
Interventions:
- social protection
- asset protection
- income growth
What are the challenges?
What are the interests & capabilities?
Capabilities & Interests:
Education
Skills
- Employability
Action required:
- persevere
- organize
- build
Vulnerability:
- high
- moderate
- lowSlide26
Household Livelihoods Assessments (HLA)
Develop
a holistic understanding of
household and community
livelihoods and
wellbeing
(economic conditions, health, food security, political and environmental security,
market conditions, etc.)
Determine
household and community needs and designing interventions to meet themExamine intra-household dynamics and how poverty affects VCs and other household members differentlyUnderstand local economic opportunities Establish a baseline or reference point from which to identify and measure changes (positive and negative) in the future. Slide27
A Good HLA will tell you…
Livelihoods context including hazards, risks and
vulnerabilities
Policy / regulating environment
Opportunities and threats
Differences in access to productive assets and total food and cash
income
Between and with communities and households
Seasonality of livelihood strategies and
shocksTiming matters!Slide28Slide29
www.povertytools.org/povertypres/Selecting_Poverty_Tools/player.html
Welcome to the LIFT Theater!Slide30Slide31Slide32
Market AnalysisSlide33
Market vs. Marketplace?Slide34
A Good Market Analysis will tell you…
The
local supply and demand of goods, commodities, services and skills
The
accessibility of inputs, including commodities, capital or services, and sales outlets
Poor
households’ connections to marketplaces in order to access goods and services, and to
earn
income
How the environment (political, regulatory, etc.) shapes incentives and opportunities for households and enterprises to participate in the marketSlide35
Organizational Capacity and PartnershipsSlide36
Organizational Capacity
Two parts
How well do you do what you do now?
What is your potential for engaging in new endeavors? (HES Activities)Slide37
PartnershipsSlide38
Partnerships
Do they have a good reputation implementing the HES activity you are interesting in?
Do
they have reports that show positive results from past HES projects?
Do
they have a standardized and documented approach to the HES activity?
Do
they have experience working with VC and their households? Do they have the expertise
to
tailor their approach to households with different socio-economic characteristics? If they don’t have sufficient staff expertise currently, do they have the necessary resources to recruit and oversee new staff or consultants?Slide39
Monitoring & EvaluationSlide40
Broad M&E Objectives
Providing program planners and implementers with information to select HES activities
Identify appropriate target households for participation and allocate resources accordingly.
Knowing what and how households and VC are doing
Allows program staff to see past numbers and percentages to understand the role a program has in helping human beings.
Giving managers insight into whether HES activities are meeting household needs
Helps them move toward achieving long-term livelihood and food security objectives.
Providing ‘data for decision-making,’
Allows managers to base program decisions and changes on accurate information rather than on ‘hunches’. Being accountable to stakeholders
Includes beneficiary communities, implementing partners and funding agencies.Slide41Slide42
HES ExamplesSlide43
ES Benefits: Practical Examples
ES for OVC Caregivers in Uganda
:
Caregivers who joined savings groups with literacy training increased household assets and improvements among OVCs in # of meals eaten and living conditions over non-participants.
© Paul RippeySlide44
ES Benefits: Practical Examples
Guaranteed labor program in India
:
Children of a safety net program offering guaranteed work to the impoverished were less likely to engage in child labor, had greater school attendance and improved health outcomes.
© BBCSlide45
ES Benefits: Practical Examples
Savings Groups in Burundi
: Providing social messaging through savings groups was found to improve financial
decision
making authority
for women,
reduce
exposure to violence,
reduce
acceptance of violence, and increase consumption of household goods relative to luxury goods.© SAWSOSlide46
ES Benefits: Practical Examples
FONKOZE in Haiti
:
By offering a continuum of provision, protection and promotion services, FONKOZE provides integrated programming to move people along the economic strengthening pathway
http://www.fonkoze.org/aboutfonkoze/whoweare/howworks.html
Savings and loans (village)
Jummai
Modu
AbdulBolakall