FOUNDATIONS 8000 BCE600 CE Neolithic societies in Latin America formed along coastlines and lakes not river valleys Olmec 1500 500BCE Gulf of Mexico Advanced architecture sculpture number system calendar trade routes ID: 693733
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Slide1Slide2
THE AMERICASSlide3
LATIN AMERICASlide4
FOUNDATIONS
(8000 BCE-600 CE)
Neolithic societies in Latin America formed along coastlines and lakes, not river valleys.
Olmec (1500 - 500BCE)
Gulf of Mexico
Advanced architecture, sculpture, number system, calendar, trade routes
Chavin (900 – 250 BCE)
Present-day Chile; predecessors to Inca
Transportation system, llama, metallurgy
Maya (300 CE – 900 CE)
Agriculture, advanced architecture, complex polytheism, city-states, trade routes, maizeSlide5Slide6
FOUNDATIONS
(8000 BCE-600 CE)
Similarities
Autocratic theocracy
Importance of priests
Pyramid-shaped buildings
Differences
Rainfall – more stable than the flooding rivers (more constant rain)
No domesticated animals (except for the llama!)
Little outside trade – isolated
No need for a wheel
“Analyze similarities and differences between River Valley Civilizations and civilizations in the Americas during the ancient era.”Slide7
POSTCLASSICAL ERA
(600-1450 CE)
Toltec
Replaced the Maya – continued their traditions of complex religious ceremonies, wars, building cities
Died off due to invasions
Aztec
Also called “
Mexica
” – took over Toltec landsMilitary-based society, human sacrifice, capital city of over 150,000 people (Tenochtitlan
), empire of about 12 million, chinampas, tribute system, QuetzalcoatlConquered by CortezIncaAndes Mts; terrace farming, no written language –
khipu
(
quipu
),
mit’a
systemSlide8
POSTCLASSICAL ERA
(600 CE – 1450 CE)
Analyze similarities and differences in the rise of TWO of the following empires.
A West African Sudanic empire (Mali OR Ghana OR
Songhay
)
The Aztec Empire
The Mongol EmpireSlide9
THINGS YOU CAN ASSUME
(up until Cortez)
Polytheism and elaborate religious ceremonies and rituals
Absolute rulers
Patriarchies
Social hierarchies
Mostly based on agriculture (maize!)
No wheels, but elaborate road systems
Advanced architecture for religious thingsLittle trade between societies (the whole north-south axis thing, remember?)Slide10
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
SPANISH ARRIVED, 1518, and everything changed
Columbian Exchange
Seriously, the AP test LOVES this. SO MUCH.Slide11
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
CHANGES
POLITICAL
Viceroys, viceroyalties,
peninsulares
in charge
ECONOMIC
Gold and silver mining
Labor systemsPlantations (sugar, coffee), encomienda, extension of mit’a, slavery by natives and then AfricansBrought in beasts of burden (horses,
etc
)
RELIGIOUS
Polytheism
Catholicism (Jesuits)
SOCIAL
Demographic shifts
Population decimation
Blending of races –
castas
Social hierarchies –
peninsulares
, creoles, mestizos, mulattosSlide12
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
CONTINUITIES
Agriculturally-based
Oppression of lower classes and superiority of EuropeansSlide13
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
Analyze
the social and economic transformations that occurred in the Atlantic world as a result of new contacts among Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas from
1492-1750
.Slide14
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
Compare
demographic and environmental effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas with the Columbian Exchange’s demographic and environmental effects on ONE of the following regions between 1492 and 1750.
Africa
Asia
EuropeSlide15
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
Describe and explain continuities and changes in religious beliefs and practices in ONE of the following regions from 1450 to the present.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin
America/CaribbeanSlide16
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
For
the period from 1500 to 1830, compare North American racial ideologies and their effects on society with Latin American/Caribbean racial ideologies and their effects on society
.Slide17
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
Analyze
continuities and changes in labor systems in ONE of the following regions within the time period 1450 to 1900.
Latin America and the Caribbean
North AmericaSlide18
MODERN ERA
(1750-1900)
*revolutions!* Led by creoles – why?
Haiti – 1791
L’Ouverture
, first successful slave uprising, freedom from France!
Venezuela and Colombia – 1820
Jose de San Martin,
Simon BolivarWanted “Gran Colombia”
Brazil – 1822Portuguese family fled from Napoleon, moved to Brazil, liked it, King Pedro I *bloodless*Mexico – 18231810 at first, class revolt led by Miguel Hidalgo (originally wanted equality for mestizos and natives)Creoles joined in in 1820, Mexico becomes a republic (
kinda
)Slide19
MODERN ERA
(1750-1900)
CONTINUITIES
Catholic church remains dominant
Instability in government; lots of
dictators – usually strong military leaders
Economies based on agriculture and export – raw materials only
Bananas, coffee, cattle,
etcCreoles got voting rights, but women, natives, mestizos, mulattoes, Africans did
notPatriarchyDivision between rich and poor (landowners vs. workers)CHANGESSlavery outlawed (ends with Brazil in 1888)Spanish American war ended European influence in the New WorldPolitical movements change a lot of things (revolutions)Slide20
LATE MODERN ERA
(1900-present)
Socialist revolutions
Bc
land reform
Latin America remains a region that is economically and politically challenged – a mixture of free elections and military dictators
Argentina:
Juan and Eva Peron
Guatemala: Jacobo
ArbenzChile: Augusto PinochetCuba: Castro, Che, Cuban Missile CrisisMexico:
Emilio Zapata
and
Pancho
Villa overthrew
Profirio
Diaz
USA very involved in Latin America during the Cold WarSlide21
LATE MODERN ERA
(1900-present)
Analyze
the changes and continuities in labor systems between 1750 and 1914 in ONE of the following areas. In your analysis, be sure to discuss the causes of the changes and the reasons for the continuities.
Latin America and the Caribbean
Russia
Sub-Saharan
AfricaSlide22
LATE MODERN ERA
(1900-present)
Compare
the emergence of nation-states in nineteenth-century Latin America with
the emergence
of nation-states in ONE of the following regions in the twentieth century.
Sub-Saharan Africa
The Middle East Slide23
LATE MODERN ERA
(1900-present)
Compare
and contrast the goals and outcomes of the revolutionary process in TWO of the following countries, beginning with the dates specified.
Mexico 1910
China 1911
Russia 1917Slide24
NORTH AMERICASlide25
FOUNDATIONS and POSTCLASSICAL
(8000 BCE – 1450 CE)
Honestly, not a lot
Tribal peoples, no central authority, social hierarchy, based on agriculture, maize, Native Americans being kind and loving the land and hunting buffalo in small tribal groups and then BAM COLUMBUS Slide26
EARLY MODERN ERA
(1450-1750 CE)
CHANGES
POLITICAL
Democracy. *this is important compared to LA*
Men allowed to vote
Enlightenment thinking
ECONOMIC
Columbian Exchange!!!
Labor systemsPlantations (cotton, tobacco), African slavery, indentured servitudeBrought in beasts of burden (horses, etc
)
RELIGIOUS
Christianity
America settled as a land for religious freedom
SOCIAL
Demographic shifts
Population decimation of natives
Lots of family units come over in North America *unlike LA!!!!*
Social hierarchies and patriarchies Slide27
MODERN ERA
(1750-1900)
POLITICS
American Revolution. 1776. Declaration of Independence. #
murica
. 1787. Constitution.
Utilized Enlightenment philosophy!
Democracy – but for free white males, only
Monroe Doctrine – 1823 (we’re isolated!)Platt Amendment – 1901 (LA is ours!)
ECONOMICSIndustry-building, textiles, etc Trade!Plantations still (for a while)RELIGIOUSPredominantly Protestant Christianity SOCIAL
Manifest Destiny – conquering land, removing native peoples, settling the west
INTERACTIONS/ARTS AND SCIENCES/NATURE
We stole technology from Europe
Isolated, but trading with Europe and AsiaSlide28
LATE MODERN ERA
(1900-present)Slide29
LATE MODERN ERA
(1900-present)
POLITICS
Isolationist, really, until Cold War
Presently involved in lots of areas around the world
“police officer of the world”
Just read
Ch
22ECONOMICS
We’re the best. #1. Superpower. Lots of money. Depression did happen though – but led to rebuilding and good thingsRELIGIOUSPredominantly Protestant Christianity, until prob 1990s – now more agnostic/atheist, also large influx of immigrants – Islam, Buddhism tooSOCIALCivil Rights Movements – minorities gaining more rights (blacks in 1960s, gay rights in 2010s,
etc
)
Women suffrage in 1920s
INTERACTIONS/ARTS AND SCIENCES/NATURE
We make technology! In sweatshops. We have cultural dominance over most of the world (could also be called cultural hegemony) – Coke and all that jazz. Just read
Ch
22. Globalization. Internet. Atom bombs. Rockets. Computers.Slide30
THINGS YOU CAN ASSUME