Deaf Heritage and Education Before 1816 No schools for the Deaf People tried to start schools but they all closed 1817 Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons opened ID: 550249
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Slide1
The Early Years
Deaf Heritage and EducationSlide2
Before 1816
No schools for the Deaf People tried to start schools but they all closed Slide3
1817
Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons opened
Serviced deaf students from all over the country
Changed the name to the American Asylum
Still open todaySlide4
Deaf Education in America 1818-1823
1818: New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb. Later became New York School for the Deaf
1820: Pennsylvania Institution in Philadelphia opened
1823: Kentucky School in Danville opened. First state supported school. Slide5
John Jacobs
Hired as a teacher of the deaf at the Kentucky school, but didn’t know how to teach and was only 18 years old!
Had a desire to work with deaf people
Rode his horse to Connecticut where Gallaudet and
Clerc
mentored him and taught him how to sign
Worked as a teacher for many years in Kentucky and later became superintendentSlide6
1851
Gallaudet died but left an indelible mark on deaf education that is still evident today.
15 other programs for deaf children were established
Many of the programs used the teaching methods that Gallaudet established Slide7
Deaf Education Teachers
Laurent Clerc was the first deaf teacher of the deaf
By 1850, 36 percent of all teachers of the deaf were deaf people.
By 1858, 40.8 percent were deaf. Slide8
Growth of Oralism
Oralism is a philosophy that does not support the use of deaf teachers or the use of sign language
Since the growth of
oralism
there have been fewer and fewer deaf teachers
Currently, only 13.6 of all teachers of the deaf are deaf.Slide9
Civil War Years
Many schools for the deaf had to close during the civil war years.
Many of their buildings were seized by the Union or Confederate Army
The Tennessee School even became a hospital and is now a National Landmark
The Kentucky School for the Deaf remained open during the war because superintendent John Jacobs told the officers from both armies that they would have to teach the deaf kids if they moved into the school
John Jacobs died during battle while fighting for the Union ArmySlide10
Tragedy from Miscommunication
During the Civil War in North Carolina a 55-year-old deaf man was out walking one day and a solider saw him
The solider called out to him and when he didn’t hear the soldier's commands, the solider killed him.Slide11
Cows in the Basement
John Jacobs allowed farmers to house their cows in the basement of the Kentucky School.
Stories have it that as soldiers walked by the Kentucky School and heard the cows mooing they thought they could hear speech classes for the deaf. Slide12
Oral Education in America
Teaching of speech was not emphasized in the early years of deaf education.
John
Engelsman
M
oved from Germany and believed in teaching deaf children without signs.
He started The New York Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf Mutes. It was the first pure oral school for the deaf in the United States.
After 10 years his school educated 110 students and needed more room, so they moved to Lexington Avenue.
The school is still in existence and is now known as the Lexington School for the Deaf.Slide13
Oral Education Cont.
Gardiner Hubbard
1864: Spoke to the Massachusetts Legislature and asked them to help him establish an oral school for the deaf in Mass.
Set up a small school for deaf children in Chelmsford, Massachusetts and named it the Clarke School for the Deaf.
The Clarke School for the Deaf was a pure oral school and it is still open today and still oral without the use of any sign. Slide14
The Natural Method
System using only speech and speech-reading
Supported by Gardiner Hubbard and
Engelsman
The National Association for the Deaf called it “The German Method”
The first state school to become totally oral was The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf in Mount Airy