Your Skin Your skin is made up of 3 main layers. - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Your Skin

Your

skin is made up of 3 main layers.

Your

skin is considered the largest organ in the human body.

Your

skin is made up of three major layers - epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (also called the subcutaneous tissue).

Your

skin loses about 30,000 to 40,000 dead skin cells from the surface almost every minute, even though you do not see it happening.

Your

skin sheds a layer of these dead cells every 24 hours and renews itself about every 28

days.

Your

skin contains a protein called keratin which is also found in hair and nails

Your

skin is the thinnest on the eyelid.Slide2

New skin

Old skinSlide3

Facts about skin cancer

Skin cancer is the most

common form of cancer

, with more than 3.5 million cases affecting more than two million people each year, according to the Skin Cancer

Foundation.Each year there are more new cases of skin cancer than the combined incidence of cancers of the breast, prostate, lung and colon.

Over the past 31 years, more people have had skin cancer than all other cancers combined.Slide4

The two most common skin cancers are basal cell and

squamous

cell carcinoma.

Basal Cell Cancer accounts for more than 90% of skin cancers in the U.S.

Melanoma is usually the most serious form of skin cancer because of its tendency to spread throughout the body quickly. Although skin cancer is more prevalent in light colored skin; it is important for ALL people to take it seriously. Slide5

What

are basal and

squamous

cell skin cancers?

These types of skin cancer are classified as non-melanomas. They usually start in the basal cells or

squamous

cells, which is how they get their names. These cells are found at the base of the outer layer of the skin.

Most non-melanoma skin cancers develop on sun-exposed areas of the body, like the face, ear, neck, lips, and the backs of the hands. Depending on the type, they can be fast or slow growing, but they rarely spread to other parts of the body.

Basal cell or

squamous

cell cancers are highly likely to be cured if found and treated early.Slide6

Basal Cell Carcinoma

This is a classic basal cell carcinoma - the least dangerous form of skin cancer. Note the red color and the almost pearlescent look. These cancers seldom metastasize but can grow larger - and so should be removed. To minimize scarring and disfigurement, a basal cell carcinoma on the face should generally be taken off with a specialized form of surgery called

Mohs

. Elsewhere on the body, the lesions are often simply burned off.Slide7

Also basal cell carcinoma…

his basal cell carcinoma has turned into a bloody, oozy mess. Be suspicious of any lesion that bleeds and doesn't

heal.

Some basal cell carcinomas, like this one, have a raised border.Slide8

Squamous cell carcinomaSlide9

What

is melanoma skin cancer?

Melanoma is a cancer that begins in the

melanocytes

– the cells that produce the skin coloring or pigment known

as

melanin

. Melanin helps protect the deeper layers of the skin from the harmful effects of the sun

.

Melanoma is almost always curable when it is found in its very early stages. Although melanoma accounts for only a small percentage of skin cancer, it is far more dangerous than other skin cancers and causes most skin cancer deaths

.

Melanoma is treatable if caught early, but because it is likely to spread to other parts of the body, it is very dangerous and potentially fatal.  In 2013, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates 76,690 new cases of melanoma in the United States and 9,480 deaths from the disease during the year.

The overall 5-year survival rate for melanoma is 91%. For localized melanoma, the 5-year survival rate is 98%; survival rates for regional and distant stage diseases are 62% and 16%, respectively. About 84% of melanomas are diagnosed at a localized stage. Slide10

Melanoma

Here is the most worrisome kind of skin cancer: Melanoma.

Note

the color - it's dark, almost black. The irregular, scalloped border seen in this lesion is another hallmark of melanoma. Over time, melanomas grow and thicken. The thicker the lesion, the worse the prognosis. This one should have been removed long ago.Slide11

Also melanoma…

This melanoma has the very dark coloration and the varied (variegated) color. In addition, it's highly asymmetrical.

Here's a bluish-black melanoma. Sometimes melanomas start out as one color and slowly change.Slide12

What

are the risk factors for skin cancer?

Unprotected and/or excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (sunlight or tanning booths)

Pale complexion (difficulty tanning, easily sunburned, natural red or blond hair color)

Occupational exposures to coal tar, pitch, creosote, arsenic compounds, or radium

You or other members of your family have had skin cancers

Multiple or unusual moles

Severe sunburns in the

past

Using tanning bedsSlide13

Is tanning really that bad?

This might ring a bell: "You only get the healthy rays in tanning beds," or "Tanning beds give you a 'base tan' to keep you from burning." The tanning-salon industry wooed many of us with these marketing claims when UVA rays — the ones tanning machines mainly use — were thought to be safe and only UVB rays from the sun were believed to be harmful

.

Since then, we've grown wiser. Definitive research has now proven that both UVA and UVB rays can cause skin cancer. (UVA rays have been specifically linked to melanoma.) 

Tanning is so dangerous that it is ILLEGAL for people under 18 to use a tanning

bed. It’s consider as damaging to your body as smoking cigarettes (proven to cause cancer).Slide14

Under 30 = NO TANNING!

Childhood exposure to UV and the number of times a child is burnt by UV, either from the sun or from

sunbeds

, are known to increase the risk of developing melanoma later in life.

For this reason, particular attention is required to ensure children and adolescents do not use sunbeds.

The

United States Department of Health and Human Services has classified exposure to sunlamps or

sunbeds

as "known to be carcinogenic to humans" and states that the longer the exposure, the greater the risk, especially to people exposed before the age of 30 years.Slide15

Is this what you want to look like?Slide16

5 reasons NOT to tan:

1. Your risk of melanoma increases

 by 75 percent when you use tanning beds before the age of 30.

2.

 In 2008, the International Agency for Research on Cancer shifted indoor tanning devices to the 

highest cancer risk category: "carcinogenic to humans."

 (They were formerly classified as "probably carcinogenic to humans.")

3. Tanning can be addictive. 

For some people, UV radiation can have a drug-like effect; they feel dependent on it and can experience withdrawal symptoms, says David Fisher, M.D., Ph.D.

4. Not only are tanning-bed users more vulnerable to melanoma, 

they're also 2½ times more likely to be diagnosed with

squamous

cell carcinoma and 1½ times more susceptible to basal cell carcinoma.

5. 

To deter tanners, you're going to 

pay a 10-percent tax every time 

you slip into the tanning booth.Slide17

Skin

ageing, eye damage and other adverse health effects

Any excessive exposure to UV, not just from

sunbeds

, can result in structural damage to human skin.

Photoageing

, caused by the breakdown of collagen in the skin by UV, manifests itself as wrinkling and loss of elasticity.

The effects of UV on the eye include cataracts,

pterygium

(a white

colored

growth over the cornea) and inflammation of the eye such as

photokeratitis

and

photoconjunctivitis

.

Furthermore

, excessive UV exposure can suppress the immune system, possibly leading to a greater risk of infectious diseases.Slide18

You get what you pay for…

Sun damage is more than just a burn.  It is a multitude of changes to the skin caused by exposure to UVR.  These changes include the appearance of fine and course wrinkles, additional freckles, broken capillaries, discolored areas of the skin, or “mottled” pigmentation, sagging or inelastic skin, and pre-skin cancers.Slide19

Sun spotsSlide20

Tanning ages youSlide21

Sunburns suck!Slide22

Is it cancer? Check the A, B, C, D, E’s

A

. Asymmetry: one half unlike the other

half

B. Border Irregularity: irregular, scalloped, poorly defined

C. Color: varied from one area to another, shades of tan and brown, black; Sometimes white, red or blue

D. Diameter: greater than

6mm

(or larger than a pencil eraser

)

E. Evolving: looks different from the rest or changing in size, shape, color

In addition, there are other features of melanoma such as surface changes (bleeding, oozing,

scaliness

) or signs of itchiness, pain, or tenderness.Slide23

What do the ABCD’s look like?Slide24

Can

skin cancer be prevented?

Avoid

the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m

.

Seek shade: Look for shade, especially in the middle of the day when the sun’s rays are strongest. Practice the shadow rule and teach it to children. If your shadow is shorter than you, the sun’s rays are at their strongest

.

Slip on a shirt: Cover up with protective clothing to guard as much skin as possible when you are out in the sun. Choose comfortable clothes made of tightly woven fabrics that you cannot see through when held up to a light

.

Slop on sunscreen: Use sunscreen and lip balm with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. Apply a generous amount of sunscreen (about a

palmful

) and reapply every 2 hours and after swimming, toweling dry, or sweating. Use sunscreen even on hazy or overcast days

.Slide25

Continued…

Slap on a hat: Cover your head with a wide-brimmed hat, shading your face, ears, and neck. If you choose a baseball cap, remember to protect your ears and neck with sunscreen.

Wrap on sunglasses: Wear sunglasses with 99% to 100% UV absorption to provide optimal protection for the eyes and the surrounding skin.

Follow these practices to protect your skin even on cloudy or overcast days. UV rays travel through clouds.

Avoid other sources of UV light. Tanning beds and sun lamps are dangerous. They also damage your skin in other ways.Slide26

Sunscreen tips

Always

choose and use a sunscreen that

is:

SPF 15 or higher (SPF 30 is best)

Broad-spectrum (protects from both UVA and UVB rays)

Waterproof or

Sweatproof

Application

tips

Apply the sunscreen generously to all exposed skin – most people do not use enough sunscreen and therefore do not get the maximum protection.

Reapply every two hours, and even more frequently if you are sweating, getting wet, or are in a windy climate.

Apply 30 minutes before going outside.

Besides

protecting you from sunburn, sunscreens help to prevent other skin damage related to sun exposure, such as premature aging and pre-cancerous growths

.

Lip Balm

Always wear a lip balm with an SPF 15 or higher – remember that your lips can burn just like the rest of your skin.

Reapply often!Slide27

Or else…this is probably your fate