Read through these in your notes and in your text to make sure you understand the causes andor symptoms They will be on your Quiz Hemolytic anemia Aplastic Anemia Thalassemia Sickle Cell Anemia ID: 611113
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Erythrocyte Disorders
Read through these in your notes and in your text to make sure you understand the causes and/or symptoms
They will be on your QuizSlide3
Hemolytic anemiaSlide4
Aplastic AnemiaSlide5
ThalassemiaSlide6
Sickle Cell AnemiaSlide7
Leukocyte Disorders
Read through these in your notes and in your text to make sure you understand the causes and/or symptoms
They will be on your QuizSlide8
Disorders of Hemostasis
Type I: Thromboembolytic conditions – undesirable clot formation
Thrombus: clot that develops in an unbroken blood vessel
Embolus: thrombus that breaks away from BV wall and floats freely in bloodstream
Either may block circulation to tissues beyond the occlusion and cause death to those tissues
Pulmonary embolism, stroke, heart attackSlide9
Disorders of Hemostasis
Endothelial roughening: impairment of endothelial characteristics such as arteriosclerosis, severe burns/scar tissue, or inflammation may give platelets a place to cling and begin a thrombus
Blood stasis: slowing of blood flow particularly in immobilized patients does not keep clotting factors dilutedSlide10
Disorders of Hemostasis
Bleeding disorders: prevention of proper clot formation
Thrombocytopenia: platelet count under 50,000 per mm3
Petechiae: small purplish blotches (bruises) caused by spontaneous bleeding from small BV all over body
Cause: damage to myeloid tissue (bone marrow): bone marrow cancer, radiation, certain drugs
Treatment: whole blood transfusion or in some cases platelet transfusionSlide11
Disorders of Hemostasis
Impaired liver function
Little to no procoagulants produced
Causes: vitamin K deficiency, hepatitis, cirrhosis
Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin produced in your intestines by bacteria: liver produces bile which is necessary for fat absorption
No bile = no fat absorption = vitamin K deficiency = no procoagulant production
Treatment: Depends on causeSlide12
Hemophilia
Hemophilia: What is it?
Hereditary X linked trait so usually affects males
Hemophilia A = factor VIII deficiency – most common
Hemophilia B – factor IX deficiency
Hemophilia C – factor XI deficiency
Symptoms: minor tissue trauma causes prolonged bleeding, bleeding into joint capsules after exercise or trauma
Management: clotting factor transfusionSlide13
Developmental Aspects
Embryonic
Day 28 of pregnancy – RBC in fetal circulation
By 7
th
month: red marrow is chief site of hematopoiesis
HbF – fetal hemoglobin
Greater ability to pick up oxygen
Replaced by HbA after birth
Immature liver may lead to physiological jaundice since bilirubin is not excretedSlide14
Developmental Aspects
Adulthood
Dietary deficiencies or metabolic disorders cause abnormalities in BC formation or hemoglobin production
Iron deficient anemia more common in womenSlide15
Developmental Aspects
Old age
Leukemia risk
Pernicious anemia
Stomach mucosa atrophies with age
Less intrinsic factor (located in lining of stomach – function is B12 absorption)
Less B12 absorption
Leads to pernicious anemiaSlide16
Diagnostic Blood Tests
low hematocrit = anemia
high fat level (lipidemia) = problems with heart disease
blood glucose test – diabetes, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia
differential WBC indicates type of infection
platelet count – thrombocytopenia – clotting problems
complete blood count = CBC – – includes all aspects of blood – typically done to eliminate possibilities or give doctors a direction to go