STUDENTS WILL Identify the parts of a DNA molecule and its structure Explain how DNA copies itself Describe the structure and function of each kind of RNA Vocabulary DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid ID: 1039629
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1. DNAThe fingerprint that’s inside your body!!!!!
2. STUDENTS WILL:Identify the parts of a DNA molecule and its structure.Explain how DNA copies itself.Describe the structure and function of each kind of RNA.
3. Vocabulary:DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)RNA(Ribonucleic Acid)GeneMutation
4. Fun DNA Facts!DNA stands for:D: DeoxyriboseN: NucleicA: AcidDNA is too small to see, but under a microscope it looks like a twisted up ladder!Every living thing has DNA. That means that you have something in common with a zebra, a tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!
5. What is DNA?A chemical code used by the cellContains GENETIC information important for cell growth and function.
6. HISTORY OF DNAA. Rosalind Franklin X-ray photo of DNA. (1952)B. Maurice Wilkins-X ray pattern of DNAC. Watson and Crick - described the DNA molecule from Franklin’s X-ray. (1953)
7. Watson and Crick: 3-D model of DNA
8. Nobel Prize for 3-D model of DNA
9. DNA STRUCTURE: 2 chains molecules in a spiral formShaped like a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder -
10. DNA STRUCTURESteps of the ladder (rungs) are made up of pairs of nitrogen basesSides of the ladder are made up of Sugar Phosphates
11. DNA Double Helix“Rungs of ladder”NitrogenousBase (A,T,G or C)“Legs of ladder”Phosphate &Sugar Backbone
12. Watson & Crick proposed…DNA had specific pairing between the nitrogen bases:ADENINE (A) – THYMINE (T)CYTOSINE (C) –GUANINE (G)DNA was made of 2 long stands of nucleotides arranged in a specific way called the “Complementary Rule”
13. Rosalind Franklin’s DNA image“Chargaff’s rule”A = T & C = G
14. BASE-PAIRINGSCGH-bondsTA
15. Genetic Diversity…-Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in a nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to DIVERSITY among living organisms.
16. The Code of Life…The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur.A T C G T A T G C G G…
17. DNA is wrapped tightly around histones and coiled tightly to form chromosomes
18. ACTCATGGTCATGTGAGTACCAGTACNote:THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A GENETIC CODE THAT MAY BE FOUND IN YOUR BODY.
19. EXAMPLE:ATCGTCAGG MAY BE FOR HAIR COLOR. BUTATCGTCAGC MAY BE FOR EYE COLOR
20. DNA ReplicationDNA-copied = identical DNAsWhen? InterphaseSteps:Enzyme (helicase) unzips the DNA strand.New bases pair with bases on original DNA2 new identical DNA are produced.
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22. GENES?A section of DNAthat containsinstructions for making PROTEINSWhat are Proteins?Proteins (amino acids) build tissues and cells or work as enzymes
23. How are PROTEINS made? RNA (Ribonulceic acid)Made inside DNA ( TRANSCRIPTION)4 Bases:Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Cytosine (C) Uracil (U)
24. Sugar (Ribose)3 Main Kindsm (RNA)messengerr (RNA)Ribosomalt (RNA)Transfer RNAm (RNA) – carries the DNA code to the ribosomesr (RNA) – makes up part of the Ribosomest (RNA) – bring amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins
25. DNA Transcription-DNA can “unzip” itself and RNA nucleotides match up to the DNA strand.-Both DNA & RNA are formed from NUCLEOTIDES and are called NUCLEIC acids.
26. TRANSLATION- PROCESS WHERE THE RIBOSOMES SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS WITH THE HELP OF mRNA
27. DNA vs RNADNADeoxyribonucleic acidFound in nucleusBases are A,G,T,CCan be damaged by exposure to ultra violet rays.Double-stranded moleculeRNARibonucleic acidFound in nucleus and cytoplasmBases are A,G,C,UMore resistant to damage by ultra-violet rays.Single stranded molecule
28. Continue…DNAA-T, G-CContain the genetic instruction used in the development and functioning of all cellsRNAA-U, G-CResponsible for making proteins
29. Mutation?-A change in the sequence of DNA that codes for a gene or a change in the number of chromosome.
30. What cause Mutation?X-raySunlightChemicalsResults of Mutation:HarmfulBeneficialNeutral
31. AMAZING DNA FACTS…-DNA from a single human cell extends in a single thread for almost 2 meters long!!!-It contains information equal to some 600,000 printed pages of 500 words each!!! (a library of about 1,000 books)