DUCK BREEDS Breeds Khaki - PowerPoint Presentation

1. DUCK BREEDSBreedsKhaki campbell for egg production and White pekin for meat are the other popular breeds.Origin of breeds Khaki Campbell Egg type parent stocks imported from U.K. These are prolific layers which can give up to 300 eggs per laying cycle. These birds are very much suitable for rural development programmes for sustainable economical development in rural areas. Among the egg laying breeds, Khaki Campbell is the best producer. Individual egg production of almost an egg a day in this breed for well over twelve months has been recorded and flock averages in excess of 300 eggs per duck per year are not uncommon. Khaki Campbell ducks weigh about 2 to 2.2 Kg and drakes 2.2 to 2.4 Kg. Egg weight varies from 65 to 75 gm.

2. Khaki Campbell

3. White PekinMeat type imported from Vietnam, suitably adapted for Indian conditions. Pekins are known worldwide for their fast growth rate and good meat convertibility. White Pekin is the most popular duck in the world known for table purpose. It is fast growing and has low feed consumption with fine quality of meat. It attains about 2.2 to 2.5 Kg of body weight in 42 days of age, with a feed conversion ratio of 1:2.3 to 2.7 Kg

4. White peking

5. PekingPeking is one of the highly productive  meat duck breeds originated form China.Feather of peking duck become white colored.Lay white colored eggs.In proper care and management they can lay about 160 eggs per year.

6. They lay big sized eggs.They become 3.5 kg weights within two months.Adult male duck weigh s about 4.5 kg and female duck 4 kg.Their eyes, lips are of yellow colored.They don’t take care of their baby.They don’t incubate eggs.Their body is wide and globular.This is the worlds most popular productive meat duck breeds.Their meat is very tasty.Their heat is big, globular, wide and very strong.

7. MuscovyMuscovy duck originated from South America.They have many variant.There are many red spots around their eyes.Food to meat converting efficiency is very high.They lay about 80-100 eggs per year.Adult male duck weighs about 5 kg and female 3.5-4 kg.Their comb is red colored.They don’t incubate eggs.They take care of their baby.Their body is big sized, long and wide.Feather color is mixed with black and white.White breeds feather become white colored.They don’t make noise like other ducks.

8. AylesburyAylesbury is one of the another famous meat duck breeds originated form England.Head is big, straight and long.Body is deep and keep their body and head straight.Legs are short and very strong.Their legs are orange colored.Feather is white colored.Lips become yellow colored.Adult male duck weights between 4-4.5 kg and female 3-4 kg.Female ducks lay about 100-110 eggs per year.Don’t incubate their eggs.The color of their eggs is white.Gain about 3-3.5 kg weight within two months of age.

9. RouenRouen duck originated form France.They are very beautiful.Head is big sized.Lips are long and wide.Their body is wide.Feather of wings is gray colored.Feather of tail, head and neck become green colored.Lips of male duck is bright red and greenly black.Female ducks lips become bright orange colored with black spots.Lay about 80-100 eggs per year.Adult male duck weights about 4-4.5 kg and female weights 3.5-4 kg.

10. Peculiarity of DucksThe body of the ducks is fully covered with oily feathers, so water can’t directly enter inside their body. Ducks have a layer of fat under their skin, which helps them from getting wet. For this reason, if ducks spend a couple of hours in water, their body remain dry. Another peculiarity of duck is their legs. There are three fingers on their legs and covered with thin skin (which is called ‘web’). It works as the paddle of a boat. Finger ends in nail. Some species of ducks use their nails for defending themselves. Generally the lip of ducks are red or orange colored and become very strong. With this lip they can eat moss, insects, fish egg, hard snail etc. They send almost everything inside their stomach, which they found between their lip. Usually hens lay egg all over the day, but ducks lay eggs at night or in the morning. So don’t allow your ducks to go out from their house before 9 am. If you observe ducks very closely, you will find that they are very clever and intelligent.

11. INCUBATION The incubation period of Khaki Campbell duck is 28 days. In forced draft incubators satisfactory results are attained at a temperature of 37.5 to 37.2o C (99.5 to 99o F). The wet-bulb reading on the thermometer should be 30 to 31o C (86 to 88o F) during incubation for the first 25 days and 32.7 to 33.8o C (90 to 92o F) for the last three days of hatching. Eggs are sprinkled with lukewarm water having sanitizer once a day from 2nd day to 25th day and cooled for a maximum period of half an hour. Candling is done on 7th day. The eggs are turned hourly. Eggs are transferred to hatcher on 25th day.

12. BROODING (0-4 Weeks)The brooding period of Khaki Campbell ducklings is 3 to 4 weeks. For meat type ducklings such as Pekin, brooding for 2 to 3 weeks is sufficient. Provide hover space of 90 to 100 sq.cms. per ducklings under the brooder. A temperature of 29 to 32o C (85 to 90o C) is maintained during the first week. It is reduced by about 3oC per week till it reaches 24o C (75o F) during the fourth week. Ducklings may be brooded in wire floor, litter or batteries. A wire floor space of 0.046m2 (1/2 sq, ft.) per bird or solid floor space of 0.093 m2 (1 sq.ft.) per bird would be sufficient up to 3 weeks of age. Water in the drinkers should be 5 to 7.5 cm (2 to 3”) deep just sufficient to drink and not dip themselves.

13. REARING (15-16 Weeks)Ducklings may be reared in intensive, semi-intensive or range system. Under intensive system, allow a floor space of 0.279m2 (3 sq.ft.) up to 16 weeks of age. Under semi-intensive system, a floor space of 0.186 to 0.279m2 (21/2 to 3 sq.ft) per bird is allowed in night shelter and 0.929 to 1.394 m2 (10 to 15 sq.ft.) as outside run per bird upto the age of 16 weeks. Usually ducklings are allowed to move to runs at the end of 3 to 4 weeks of age depending upon weather. Water in the drinkers should be 12.5 to 15 cm (5” to 6”) deep to allow minimum immersion of their heads. Partitions upto the height of 60-90cm (2 -3”) inside the pens and the outside runs are adequate for control. Under range system a flock of 1000 can be reared per 0.405 hectare (one acre)

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15. FeedingDucks usually eat insects, fish, oyster, snail etc. If you want to provide their feeds by your own, then the feed must have to be well balanced, nutritious and should contain proper amount of vitamins and minerals. On an average, Khaki Campbell ducks consume about 130 grams food daily. You can prepare the duck feed by your own, it will reduce feeding cost. The ratio of ingredients per 100 percent of mix are listed below.

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17. Duck Fish Farm

18. FEEDWheat- 30 percentBroken rice- 40 percentBlack sesame- 10 percentSoybean- 10 percentSnail shell powder-10 percentAdd Vitamin A, B2, D3, E 10g per 100kg of food mix.Add sodium chloride 50g per 1000kg.

19. ADULT STOCK(above 17 weeks of age) Under intensive system, a floor space of 0.371 to 0.465* (4 to 5 sq.ft.) per duck is essential, whereas in semi-intensive system, a floor space of 0.279m2 (3 sq.ft.) in the night shelter and 0.929 to 1.394m2 (10 to 15 sq.ft.) as outside run bird would be adequate. For wet mash feeding in a ‘V’ shaped feeder, allow 10 to 12.5 cm. (4 to 5”) feeding space per duck but for dry mash or pellet feeding adlib in hoppers, a feeding space of 5 to 7.5 cm.(2 to 3”) per duck would be sufficient

20. High egg laying strains of ducks come into production at 16 to 18 weeks of age. About 95 to 98% of eggs are laid by 9.00AM. One nest box of size 30x 30 x 45 cms.(12 x12 x18”) to every three ducks be provided. In case of laying breeds a mating ratio of 1 drake to 6-7 ducks and in table breeds 1 drake to 4-5 ducks is allowed. Photo period of 14 to 16 hours per day is essentia for optimum production. In free range, 1000 ducks are kept per 0.405 hectare (1 acre) depending upon greens.

21. WATER Though duck is a water fowl and very fond of water, WATER FOR SWIMMING IS NOT ESSENTIAL AT ANY STAGE OF DUCK REARING. However, water in drinkers should be sufficiently deep to allow the immersion of their heads and not themselves. If they cannot do this, their eyes seem to get scaly and crusty and in extreme cases, blindness may follow. In addition, they also like to clean their bills periodically and wash them to clear off the feed.

22. Paddy-Duck-Fish polyculture