Enduring Impacts on Future Civilizations ART AND ARCHITECTURAL LEGACIES Does anyone know the name of this historic Greek temple Art and Architectural Legacies The finest example of Greek architecture is the Parthenon which is a temple to Athena built in Athens on the acropolis ID: 775778
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Slide1
Cultural Legacies
Looking at the Greek’s
Enduring Impacts on
Future Civilizations
Slide2ART AND ARCHITECTURAL LEGACIES
Does anyone know the name of this historic Greek temple?
Slide3Art and Architectural Legacies
The finest example of Greek architecture is the Parthenon which is a temple to Athena built in Athens on the acropolis.
Its rectangular shape and triangular
pediment
or pitched roof are an important legacy of the Greeks, as most of our homes resemble this basic structure today!
The temple reflects the Greek ideals of balance (symmetry) and harmony that was so important and hundreds were built due to their belief in many gods…called polytheism.
Slide4Slide5Slide6Another legacy is the 3 types of Greek columns that were used to hold up the weight of the roof.
Slide7Art and Architecture Legacies
Doric column- Plain and slightly narrow at the top
Slide8Art and Architecture Legacies
Ionic column- 2 volutes or scrolls sit at the top
Slide9Art and Architecture Legacies
Corinthian column- Straight column with Acanthus leaves at the top and 4 small scrolls now placed at the corners
Slide10Art and Architecture Legacies
Myron and Phidias were two of Greece’s famous sculptors.Myron made the Discus Thrower which symbolizes the Greek devotion to balance and the perfect human body.Phidias constructed the statue of Zeus at the Temple of Olympia, and Athena at the Parthenon, as well as the temples themselves.
Slide11Slide12Slide13The Greeks also engineered all sorts of other technologies that are still relevant in our
modern world.
Slide14Engineering and Technological Legacies
Astrolabe c.150 B.C.Used to locate and predict the positions of the sun, moon and starsThe Greeks also created the lines of latitude & longitude to help determine locations on Earth.Crane c.500 B.C.A pulley was used to lift carved blocks and column drums as opposed to the ramps used by Egyptians.
Slide15Engineering and Technological Legacies
Screw c.350-250 B.C.
The Archimedes screw is the most famous. It was an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder used to pump water up and out.The screw press was used in the production of wine and olive oil to smash grapes and olives.
Slide16Ancient Olive Press
Slide17Engineering and Technological Legacies
Ore smelting and castingThe ancient world took lead, copper and eventually iron ore and heated it and shaped it into objects.For example, lead was used for water pipes by Greeks and Romans.
Slide18Engineering and Technological Legacies
Ship building
Triremes – ships with 3 rows of oarsmen resulting in superior speed and agility. Successful ship construction allowed Greece to be an economic and military power.
Slide19Review…
How are Greek temples similar to modern buildings?
Simplify or draw the differences between the 3 Classical Greek columns.
Cite an example of a famous Greek artist and describe the work.
Cite two of the Greek engineering and technology legacies and explain why they are important today.
Slide20Cultural legacies in
Education and Olympics
Slide21Education Matters
Athens
Believed in a balance between mind and bodyEmphasized many subjects in education to expand the mindKnown as the home of writers, artists, mathematicians, and philosophersOnly men would be educated
Sparta
Believed in a strict, difficult life without luxury (a “Spartan” way of life)Emphasized physical education over mental educationKnown for its powerful and disciplined armyOnly men would be educated
Slide22The Olympics were to show off the human body through competition
Ancient Greece
Athletic and political competition – men & city-states competedFree Greek men Very few eventsWin an olive wreath/fameWars stop for OlympicsThe Olympics stop after Rome became a Christian civilization.
Modern Olympics since 1896
Athletic and political competition –
athletes
&
countries
competed
Men and women from any nation
Many events
Win medals and fame
Olympics stopped for war
The marathon
has been in every modern Olympics. It recognizes a famous messenger who ran from the battle of Marathon to Athens to report of the great victory against the Persians.
Slide23Do now: How do sports bring people together?
Slide24They invent philosophy
Philosophy is the use of logic and reason to solve problems rather than the gods.
Socrates - insisted that students think for themselves…the “Socratic Method” a method of teaching & learning by asking questions.
Plato - founded “The Academy” in Athens for teaching philosophy – this was an early university for teaching higher education.
Aristotle – although a philosopher, he investigated almost every field of study known at his time.
For example, he collected, described, and classified plants and animals–hence, he is known as the “father of biology!”
Slide25Slide26The study of math & science
Pythagoras - believed that everything could be explained through math and came up with the right triangle theory called the Pythagorean Theorem (draw it!)
Euclid - invented the rules of geometry we use today (father of geometry)
Hippocrates- considered the founder of medical science (father of medicine)
- He believed that illness came from natural
causes rather than punishment from the
gods (the Hippocratic oath is the
ethical oath taken by all doctors today).
Slide27Pythagorean Theorem
a2+b2=c2The length of the sides of a right triangle squared and added together always equal the length of the hypotenuse of that triangle also squared.
Slide28Review…
Compare the Athenian and Spartan education beliefs (remember compare means similarities and differences are required).
Compare the Greek Olympics to the modern Olympics.
Cite and explain a Greek legacy in
Math –
Philosophy –
Science/Medicine –
Slide29Greek legacies in history and literature
Slide30They invent history
Herodotus – nickname: “father of history (lies);” his writings were observations based on what he saw; he wrote of the 7 Ancient Wonders of the World as he travelled.Thucydides. – relied less on observation and more on eyewitness accounts and interviews in order to tell the histories.
Slide31They invent theater
The Greeks invented theater which they called drama.They divided it into comedy and tragedy.Plays honored the god Dionysus.Violence was never portrayed on stage.Performances were in large amphitheaters (like Blossom Music Center in CF).
Slide32At first only one actor and a chorus
Homer - blind poet who used the oral tradition to pass along his epic (long) poems. The Iliad tells the story of the Trojan War and brave Greek soldiers like Achilles.The Odyssey tells the story of the soldier Odysseus and his long journey home after the Trojan War and all the adventures on the way.These epic poems were passed down orally for hundreds of years and it is unknown when and who they were first written down by.
Slide33Myths and Gods
Plays dealt with concepts like love, revenge, jealousy, and politics.Myths were also written about gods and heroes to try and explain how the world worked.These plays, myths and legends have become part of our language today.
Slide34For example,
Achilles was a great warrior of the Trojan War who was killed when an arrow struck his heel.A person’s “Achilles heel” is his/her weakness and we have the Achilles tendon above our heel that athletes often tear.
Slide35For example,
Hercules had to complete 12 near impossible tasks and is known for his strength.“Herculean” can be a task that is nearly impossible or someone who is super strong.
Slide36For example,
King Midas was granted a wish to turn everything he touched into gold.People who make money easily are said to have the “Midas touch” and there is even MIDAS a muffler and brake company.
Slide37We even tell their fables to children
Aesop’s FablesAesop was a slave and story teller from ancient Greece who wrote:“The boy who cried wolf” which tells children to not lie.“The tortoise and the hare” which tells children to focus and work hard.
Slide38Review…
Cite and explain a Greek legacy in
History –
Theater –
Cite and explain Homer’s two epic poems.
Cite two examples of Greek myths and explain how they have found their way into our lives today.