Agenda for Tuesday March 29 th Go over lab Transription and translation DNA Info DNA in the nucleus is safe But DNA in the cytoplasm can be destroyed RNA Ribonucleic Acid Copy of DNA that goes into cytoplasm ID: 1039634
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1. What holds the nucleotides together?Agenda for Tuesday March 29th Go over labTransription and translation
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3. DNA InfoDNA in the nucleus is safeBut DNA in the cytoplasm can be destroyed
4. RNA – Ribonucleic Acid Copy of DNA that goes into cytoplasm guides synthesis of proteins DNARNA# of strands2 Strands1 StrandType of SugarDeoxyribose sugarRibose SugarNucleotide Base pairsA-TC-GA-UC-G
5. 3 types of RNAMessenger RNA (mRNA) – complementary to DNAC=G, A=UTravel from nucleus to ribosomeDirect synthesis of proteinRibosomal RNA (rRNA) –forms ribosomesTransfer RNA (tRNA) – brings amino acids
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7. TranscriptionRNA is made from 1 strand of DNASpecifically mRNA is madeDNA safe in the nucleusUses mRNATo send a message to the cytoplasm
8. TranscriptionUnzip DNA (helicase)RNA Polymerase binds to synthesize RNAMatch up bases to one strand of DNAUracil instead of thyminemRNA gets modifiedmRNA moves out of nucleus and into cytoplasm
9. Transcription happens in the nucleus. An RNA copy of a gene is made.Then the mRNA that has been made moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasmOnce in the cytoplasm, the mRNA is used to make a proteinCytoplasm of cellNucleusDNAmRNAmRNA
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11. Transcribe DNA1. If a DNA strand read AAC GTC GCG TAC, what would the mRNA strand be?2. Does the mRNA model more closely resemble the DNA strand from which it was transcribed or the complementary strand that wasn’t used? Explain 3. Explain how the structure of DNA enables the molecule to be easily transcribed. Why is this important for genetic information?4. Why is RNA important to the cell? How does an mRNA molecule carry information from DNA?
12. A little more about RNADNA is interrupted by short sequences that are not in the final mRNACalled intronsExons = RNA kept in the final sequence
13. What are 3 differences between RNA and DNAAgenda for Wednesday March 30th 1. Translation
14. Translation
15. The CodeEvery 3 bases codes for amino acid sequenceThree base code is called a codon All but 3 codons code for an amino acidAUG = start codon
16. Ribosomes2 subunits – only together during translationAttaches to mRNA strandtRNAAnticodon - 3 base sequence at the bottom Matches the codon on mRNA strand
17. TranslationmRNA attaches to ribosomestRNA moves into ribosomeAnticodon matches with mRNA strand and adds an amino acidtRNA leaves ribosomeStop codon is reached & amino acid chain (polypeptide) detaches from ribosomeFolds and creates a protein
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21. ProteinsShape depends on interactions among amino acidsHydrogen bonding
22. Translate mRNAWrite the Amino Acid Sequence for the following mRNA UUG CAG CGC AUGWould you make a complete protein? Explain.Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence. Draw a line separating each codon: A T C G T C C A A
23. Transcribe (make RNA) and translate (find amino acids) from this strand of DNA AAA TGC ACG TCGAgenda for Thursday March 31st VideoPractice transcription/translation
24. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itsb2SqR-R0
25. Whiteboard questionsWhat does DNA polymerase do?What does Helicase do?What does ligase do?Match the bases below. 5’ – A T C G T A – 3’List 3 differences between RNA/DNA.What are the 3 types of RNA?Where does RNA go after it is made?Transcribe the DNA below. A T C G T A
26. What does RNA attach to when it leaves the nucleus?Amino Acids are the building block of ________.What type of RNA brings an amino acid?When does translation stop?Where is the codon located? Anticodon?What is a codon?Translate the mRNA strand below. A G C G A G
27. ReplicationDNA Helicase unzips DNAProteins keep it apartRNA Primase adds starter segmentsDNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to DNALeading – continuous adding of basesLagging – Okazaki fragmentsDNA Ligase fills in gaps
28. TranscriptionDNA Helicase unzips DNARNA Polymerase adds basesOnly 1 strand of DNA gets copiedRNA detaches from DNA strand and moves into cytoplasm
29. TranslationmRNA attaches to ribosomestRNA moves into ribosomeAnticodon on tRNA matches with codon on mRNA strand Amino acid is addedStop codon is reached & amino acid chain (polypeptide) detaches from ribosomeFolds and creates a protein
30. DNA vs. RNADNARNA2 Strands1 StrandDeoxyribose sugarRibose SugarA-TC-GA-UC-G