ContentsINotation2IIInstallation4IIIQuickstart4IVCon12guration6ACommandlinecon12guration61Quickreference62Processcon12guration93Processspeci12ccon12guration104Resonanceparamet ID: 829095
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1 ManualfortheJHUgeneratorandMELApackageFo
ManualfortheJHUgeneratorandMELApackageForsimulation,reweighting,andanalysisofsingle-producedresonancesathadroncolliders(versionv7.4.0,releasedateJuly4,2020)Thegeneratorfrom[1{5]isamodel-independentgeneratorforstudyingspin-paritypropertiesofnewresonances,in-cludingtheHiggsboson(s).Pleasecite[1{5]ifusingthe\JHUgenerator"(orJHUGen).Thecodecanbedownloadedfrom[6].ThegeneratoroutputsLHEleswhichcanbepassedtopartonshowerprogramsforhadronization.Onlyrelativevaluesofcrosssectionsaresupposedtoproducemeaningfulresults,whileabsolutevaluesareoftensubjecttoanarbitrarynormalization.Additionally,thepackageincludescodeforcomputingthematrixelementsstandalonewhichcanbeusedinanumer-icalmatrixelementanalysis.Pleasereferencetheabovepapersandreferto\MELA"whenusingthematrixelementlikelihoodapproach.ThelatterwasalsointroducedinRef.[7].Thematrixelementpackage(MELA)ando-shellEWgenerationalsodependonMCFMlibrariesforbackgroundparameterizationwhichshouldbereferenced[8]whenused.Inordertosimplifytranslationbetweendierentcouplingconventions,withintheJHUgeneratorframework,weprovidetheJHUGenLexiconprogram,whichincludesaninterfacetothegeneratorandmatrixelementlibraryandcanalsobeusedforstandaloneorotherapplications. ContentsI.Notation2II.Installation4III.Quickstart4IV.Conguration6A.Commandlineconguration61.Quickreference62.Processconguration93.Process-specicconguration104.Resonanceparameters125.Cuts126.Renormalizationandfactorizationscales127.Leptonandjetlter138.Higgspropagatoranddecaywidth139.Statisticsoptions1410.Couplings14B.Congurationinparameterle19V.Examples19A.JP=0+mresonance,X!ZZorWW19B.JP=0mresonance,X!ZZorWW19C.JP=0+mresonance,X! 20D.JP=0mresonance,X! 20E.JP=0mresonance,X! !4`20F.JP=2+mresonance,X!ZZorWWor 20G.Cross-sectioncalculationandfractionnotation20H.LHAPDF20VI.JHUGeneratorMatrixElements(JHUGenMELA)20A.Compiling21 2B.Startingout21C.Eventinput21D.Processselection22E.Calculate22F.Cleanup22G.Pythoninterface22VII.JHUGeneratorCouplingConverter(JHUGenLexicon)23VIII.Releasenotes24A.Speciccongurations281.Spin028a."SM-likespin-zero",0+28b."Higherorderspin-zero",0+h28c."Pseudoscalarspin-zero",0282.Spin128a."Vectorspin-one",128b."Pseudovectorspin-one",1+283.Spin228a."MinimalGraviton,spin-two",2+28b."HigherorderGraviton,spin-two",2+h29c."HigherorderGraviton,spin-two",2h29References29I.NOTATIONThenotationhasbeensetinRefs.[1{4],theHVVscatteringamplitudeofaspin-zerobosonHandtwovectorbosonswithpolarizationvectors"1(q1)and"2(q2)isparameter
2 izedbyA(HVV)=1 vM2VgVV1+V
izedbyA(HVV)=1 vM2VgVV1+VV1q21+VV2q22 VV12+VV3(q1+q2)2 VVQ2+2q1q2 M2VgVV2("1"2)2gVV2("1q2)("2q1)2gVV4""1"2q1q2:(1)ThisparametrizationrepresentsthemostgeneralLorentz-invariantform.ThecouplingsusedinEq.(1)arethedirectinputtotheJHUgenerator,asdiscussedintherestofthismanual.TheparameterizationoftheamplitudeinEq.(1)canberelatedtoafundamentalLagrangedensityfunction,usingeectiveeldtheorycoecientsoftheso-calledHiggsbasis[9]:Lhvv=h v(1+cz)(g2+g02)v2 4ZZ+czzg2+g02 4ZZ+cz2g2Z@Z+~czzg2+g02 4Z~Z+(1+cw)g2v2 2W+W+cwwg2 2W+W+cw2g2W@W++h:c:+~cwwg2 2W+~W+cz ep g2+g02 2ZA+~cz ep g2+g02 2Z~A+c 2gg0Z@A+c e2 4AA+~c e2 4A~A+cggg2s 4GaGa+~cggg2s 4Ga~Ga;(2)inaccordancewithEq.(II.2.20)inRef.[9]. 3ThereisuniquerepresentationofeachEFTcoecientinEq.(2)bycouplingsinEq.(1),asshownbelow:cz=1 2gZZ11;czz=2s2wc2w e2gZZ2;cz2=M2Zs2w e2ZZ1 (ZZ1)2;~czz=2s2wc2w e2gZZ4;cw=1 2gWW11;cww=2s2w e2gWW2;cw2=M2Ws2w e2WW1 (WW1)2;~cww=2s2w e2gWW4;cz =2swcw e2gZ 2;~cz =2swcw e2gZ 4;c 2=swcw e2M2Z (Z 1)2Z 2;c =2 e2g 2;~c =2 e2g 4;cgg=2 g2sggg2;~cgg=2 g2sggg4:(3)Enforcinglinearrelationsforthedependentcoecients[9]allowsauniquerelationshipbasedonaminimalsetofdegreesoffreedom:gWW1=gZZ1;(4)gWW2=c2wgZZ2+s2wg 2+2swcwgZ 2;(5)gWW4=c2wgZZ4+s2wg 4+2swcwgZ 4;(6)WW1 (WW1)2(c2ws2w)=ZZ1 (ZZ1)2;+2s2wg 2gZZ2 M2Z+2sw cw(c2ws2w)gZ 2 M2Z;(7)Z 2 (Z 1)2(c2ws2w)=2swcwZZ1 (ZZ1)2+g 2gZZ2 M2Z+2(c2ws2w)gZ 2 M2Z:(8)AutomaticrelationshipofcouplingsintheEFTapproachdiscussedhereisnotimplementeddirectlyinthegenerator,butcouldbeobtainedwithascriptfollowingtheformulasabove.Thereisaone-to-onecorrespondenceofthecouplingsusedinthegeneratorsettingsinEq.(1)andthecouplingsusedintheHiggsbasis[9].Wealsoallowmodicationsofgaugebosonselfcouplings.TheirparameterizationreadsA(VW+W)=(e)dVWW("V"+)(qV12")+("+")(qV23"V)+("V")(qV31"+)+dV4""V"+"p1;(9)A(V1V2W+W)=(+e2)dVVWW("1"+)("2")+("1")("2"+)2("1"2)("+");(10)wh
3 ereqVij=dVipidVjpjistherelativemomen
ereqVij=dVipidVjpjistherelativemomentumtransfer.Wexd WW=1anddZWW=cw=swperconventionandallowallothercouplingstovary.IntheSM,theirvaluesaredV1=dV2=dV3=1;dV4=0;(11)d WW=1;dZ WW=cw sw;dZZWW=c2w s2w;dWWWW=1 2s2w:Therelevantcontributionsofthedimension-sixLagrangianforthetripleandquarticgaugebosonself-interactionsare(seeEqs.(3.12,3.14,3.15)inRef.[10])Ltgc=ieW+WWW+A+ieh(1+ )AW+W+~ ~AW+Wi+iecw swh(1+g1;z)W+WWW+Z+(1+z)ZW+W+~z~ZW+Wi;(12)Lqgc=e2(W+AWAW+WAA)+e2 2s2w(1+2c2wg1;z)(W+W+WWW+WW+W)+e2c2w s2w(1+2g1;z)(W+ZWZW+WZZ)+e2cw sw(1+g1;z)(W+ZWA+W+AWZ2W+WZA):(13) 4TheanomalouscoecientsinEqs.(12,13)arerelatedtocouplingsinEqs.(9,10)by =1 2(d 11);~ =1 2d 4;z=1 2dZ11;~z=1 2dZ4;g1;z=dZ21=dZ31=1 2s2w c2wdZZWW1=sw cwdZ WW1:(14)SimilartothecaseofLhvv,notallcoecientsinEqs.(12,13)areindependentintheeectiveeldtheoryframework,andwediscusstheirdependenceinthenextsubsection.Moreover,additionalanomaloustripleandquarticcontributions,the ;Z;~ ;ZtermsinRef.[9,10],canarise.TheseadditionaltermsareunrelatedtoanyoftheHbosoncontributions,andtherefore,wedonotconsiderthemhere.Enforcinglinearrelationsforthedependentcoecients[8]allowsauniquerelationshipbasedonaminimalsetofdegreesoffreedom:d 1=1+(g 2gZZ2)c2w+gZ 2cw sw2swcw;(15)d 4=(g 4gZZ4)c2w+gZ 4cw sw2swcw;(16)dZ1=12s2wc2w c2ws2wg 2gZZ22swcwgZ 2M2Z 2(c2ws2w)ZZ1 (ZZ1)2;(17)dZ2=dZ3=1s2w c2ws2wg 2gZZ2sw cwgZ 2M2Z 2(c2ws2w)ZZ1 (ZZ1)2;(18)dZ4=s2w c2wd 4;(19)dZZWW=c2w s2w2dZ21;dZ WW=cw swdZ2:(20)II.INSTALLATIONDownloadthepackagefromspin.pha.jhu.eduanduntarthele.GotothedirectoryJHUGeneratorwherethecodeexistsforgeneratingeventswiththeJHUGenerator.Inthemakefile,youhavetwooptionsforcompiler,Comp=ifortorComp=gfort.Thensimplycompilewith:$makeBydefault,themakeleoptionslinkMELAandlinkCollierLibaresettoNo.IfyouneedtousetheNLOfeatures,youneedtosetlinkCollierLib=Yes
4 ,anddownloadandcompiletheCOLLIERpackageu
,anddownloadandcompiletheCOLLIERpackageusing./downloadcollier.shwithoptionalargumentscompilerand-jtospecifytheFortrancompilerandthenumberofcorestouseforcompilation,respectively.Likewise,ifyouneedtouseo-shellprocesses,whichusemodiedMCFMmatrixelements,youneedtosetlinkMELA=YesandcompileJHUGenMELAwithatleasttheoptiondepsbeforecompilingJHUGenerator(seecompilationinstructionsforJHUGenMELAformoredetails).InthecaselinkMELA=Yes,thecompilerhastobesettoComp=gfort,andthegccversionshouldbeatleast4.6.NoticethatJHUGenMELAhasitsowncompilationroutineandlocationfortheCOLLIERlibrary.III.QUICKSTARTExamplesofrunningthegenerator.ThenumberofeventsisdeterminedusingVegasNc2.gg!Hproduction,Process=0:{SMresonance,decaytoZZ!4l./JHUGenProcess=0VegasNc2=100000DecayMode1=0DecayMode2=0DataFile=ggHZZ4l{pseudoscalarresonance,decayWW!2l2: 5./JHUGenProcess=0VegasNc2=100000DecayMode1=4DecayMode2=4DataFile=ggHWW2l2nu_0-\\ghz1=0,0ghz4=1,0{SMresonance,decaytoZ !2l ./JHUGenProcess=0VegasNc2=100000DecayMode1=0DecayMode2=7DataFile=ggHgammaZ2l\\ghzgs2=1VH,Process=50:{ZHwithhadronicZdecay(changeDecayMode1forotherZdecays;bothpp(default)ande+eCollideroptionspossible):./JHUGenProcess=50DecayMode1=1VegasNc2=100000DataFile=ZH{WHwithleptonicWdecay(changeDecayMode1forotherWdecays):./JHUGenProcess=50DecayMode1=4VegasNc2=100000DataFile=WH{ ! H(bothpp(default)ande+eCollideroptionspossible):./JHUGenProcess=50DecayMode1=7VegasNc2=100000DataFile=gammatogammaHghgsgs2=1,0{Z! H(bothpp(default)ande+eCollideroptionspossible):./JHUGenProcess=50DecayMode1=7VegasNc2=100000DataFile=ZtogammaHghzgs2=1,0gg!ZHandqq!VHatNLO,Process=51:{ZHproductionwithg2anomalouscoupling,decaytoZ!2l;H!bb:./JHUGenCollider=1Process=51VH_PC=ggHbbDK=1DecayMode1=0VegasNc2=100000\\DataFile=ggZH2lbbghz1=0,0ghz2=1,0{ZHproductionwithSMcouplings(g1=2),withZ!2ldecayand\stable"Higgs(forfurtherprocessing):./JHUGenCollider=1Process=51VH_PC=ggHbbDK=0DecayMode1=0VegasNc2=100000\\DataFile=ggtoZHtollHghz1=2,0{ZHproductionatNLOwithSMcouplings(g1=2),withZ!2ldecayand\stable"Higgs(forfurtherprocessing).Note:forZHproductionatNLO,Process=51canproduceweightedeventsonly.OnemustspecifyUnweighted=0:./JHUGenCollider=1Process=51VH_PC=nlHbbDK=0DecayMode1=0VegasNc2=100000\\DataFile=qqtoZH_nlo_to_llbbghz1=2,0Unweighted=0{Process=51alsoincludesallthefeaturesofProcess=50,butiscurrentlyinbeta;werecommendusingProcess=51onlyforgg!ZH.VBF,Process=60:{ZZ=WW!H:./JHUGenProcess=60VegasNc2=100000DataFile=VBFpTjetcut=0deltaRcut=0(JetcutsaregenerallynotneededforVBFprod
5 uctionwithonlyZZandWW,sincethereisnodive
uctionwithonlyZZandWW,sincethereisnodivergence.){ !H:./JHUGenProcess=60VegasNc2=100000DataFile=gammagammaVBFghgsgs2=1,0\\pTjetcut=15deltaRcut=0(RequirescutonjetpTtoavoiddivergenceswhenq2 !0.15GeVisthedefaultcut,butisshownexplicitlyasanexample.){Z !H:./JHUGenProcess=60VegasNc2=100000DataFile=ZgammaVBFghzgs2=1,0\\pTjetcut=15deltaRcut=0 6o-shellEWqq!qq+ZZ(!4f),Process=66,67,68{includingVBFandhadronicVHwithuptotwoscalarresonancesandinterferencewiththeSMbackground{seebelow,page10,forthecongurationH+jj,Process=61:./JHUGenProcess=61Unweighted=1VegasNc2=100000DataFile=HjjpTjetcut=15deltaRcut=0.3(RequirescutsonjetpTandRtoavoiddivergenceswhenq2g!0.15GeVand0.3arethedefaultcuts,butareshownexplicitlyasanexample.)H+j:./JHUGenProcess=62Unweighted=1VegasNc2=100000DataFile=HjpTjetcut=15pp!tt+H,Process=80:{inclusivetopdecay(changeDecayMode1,2forspecicttdecays):./JHUGenProcess=80DecayMode1=11DecayMode2=11VegasNc2=100000DataFile=ttHpp!bb+H,Process=90:./JHUGenProcess=90VegasNc2=100000DataFile=bbHpTjetcut=15deltaRcut=0.3pp!tH,Process=114:{tH+tH,withinclusivetopdecay(changeDecayMode1forspecictdecays;useprocesses110{113restricttoeithertortandeithersortchannels):./JHUGenProcess=114DecayMode1=11VegasNc2=100000DataFile=tH_sDecay-onlymode,forgeneratingthedecayofastableHiggsbosonproducedbytheJHUgeneratororanothergenerator(e.g.POWHEG).{H!VVdecay:./JHUGenReadLHE=ZH.lheDecayMode1=0DecayMode2=0DataFile=ZH_ZZ4l./JHUGenReadLHE=ZgammaVBF.lheDecayMode1=0DecayMode2=7DataFile=ZgammaVBF_Z2lgamma./JHUGenReadLHE=myPOWHEGfile.lheDecayMode1=4DecayMode2=4ghz1=0,0ghz4=1,0\\DataFile=myPOWHEGfile_0-_WW2l2nu{Decay-onlymodeforgeneratingH!decay.Notethatdecaystohadronicresonancesarenotsupported../JHUGenReadLHE=myPOWHEGfile.lheTauDK=1DecayMode1=4DecayMode2=4kappa=0,0\\kappa_tilde=1,0DataFile=myPOWHEGfile_0-_tautau2l4nuIV.CONFIGURATIONMostparametersshouldbesetonthecommandline.A.Commandlineconguration1.QuickreferenceThisisthelistofcommandlinecongurables(alsodenedintheREADME).Thefollowingsectionsgivefurtherdetailsaboutsomeoftheseparameters. 7help:Printallcommandlineoptionsversion:Printtheversiontagheader:Printtheheader/logoDryRun:Checkthatthecommandlineisvalid,thenexitProcessconfiguration:Collider:1=LHC(default),2=Tevatron,0=e+e-ColliderEnergy:inTeV.defaultis13TeVforLHC,1.96TeVforTevatron,250GeVfore+e-Process:0=spin-0,1=spin-1,2=spin-2resonance,50=qq/ee-VH,51=gg-ZH,60=VBF,61=pp-Hjj,62=pp-Hj,66=EWVVJJ
6 sig.,67=EWVVJJbkg.,68=EWVVJJtot.,69=QCDV
sig.,67=EWVVJJbkg.,68=EWVVJJtot.,69=QCDVVJJbkg.,(69isabetaversion,notreadyforrelease)70=EWVVLLsig.,71=EWVVLLbkg.,72=EWVVLLtot.,(70,71,72-beta,notready)73=gg4fsig.,74=gg4fbkg.,75=gg4ftot.,(73,74,75-beta,notready)80=ttH,90=bbH,110=t+Htchannel,111=tbar+Htchannel,112=t+Hschannel,113=tbar+Hschannel114=t/tbar+Ht/schannelsDecayMode1:decaymodeforvectorboson1(Z/W/gamma)DecayMode2:decaymodeforvectorboson2(Z/W/gamma)0=Z-2l,1=Z-2q,2=Z-2tau,3=Z-2nu,4=W-lnu,5=W-2q,6=W-taunu,7=gamma,8=Z-2l+2tau,9=Z-anything,10=W-lnu+taunu,11=W-anythingExclusivedifermionmodesotherthanthosewiththetauflavor:Thenumbersp=(1;2,3;5,7,11,13,17)representf=(nu;e,mu;d,u,s,c,b).InordertohaveaV-f1f2decay,pleasespecifythedecaymodeas-p1*p2forthep1andp2thatmatchf1andf2.Interf:0=neglectinterferencefor4ffinalstates,1=includeinterferenceReweightInterf:iftrue,includeinterferenceasLHEeventweightsforoff-shellEWeventsRandomizeVVdecays:RandomizestheorderofDecayMode1andDecayMode2,perevent(defaulttrue)ForaWWdecay,turningthisoffwillmeanDecayMode1isW+andDecayMode2isW-PChannel:0=g+g,1=q+qb,2=bothChannelRatio:ratioofqqb/(qqb+gg),forProcess=2PChannel=2defaultistoallowthisratiotocomefromthecouplingsPDFSet:1=CTEQ6L1(2001),2=MSTW(2008),2xx=MSTWwitheigenvectorsetxx=01..40,3=NNPDF3.0LO(onlyvalidifnotinterfacedwithLHAPDF)LHAPDF:infofiletouseifinterfacedwithLHAPDF(example:NNPDF30_lo_as_0130/NNPDF30_lo_as_0130.info)LHAPDFMem:membernumberinLHAPDFsetepPolarization:Polarizationofe+fore+e-collideremPolarization:Polarizationofe-fore+e-collider0:nopolarization+/-100:helicity=+/-1TopDK:ForttHort+H,0=leavetopquarksasstable,1=decaytopquarksTauDK:InReadLHEmode,specifythisoptionaseither0or1todecayH-tautau.Ifitis0,thetausarewrittenasstable;ifitis1,theydecaytoWnu,withtheW'sdecayingaccordingtoDecayModes1,2.HbbDK:ForVHproduction,decayH-bb 8VH_PC:VHpartonicchannelandmodeselectionee(=e+e-@LO)gg(=triangles+boxesofgg)qq(=qq~@LO)lo(=qq~@LO)tr(=trianglesofgg)bo(=boxesofgg)in(=interference=2*dble(box*dconjg(triangle))ofgg)qg(=real-dipoles,forgq/q~VH+q/q~,fordevelopmentonly)gq(=K+P,forgq/q~VH+q/q~,fordevelopmentonly)sb(=real-dipoles,forqq~@NLO,fordevelopmentonly)sp(=virtual+I+K+P,forqq~@NLO,fordevelopmentonly)nl(=NLO=qq~@LO+NLO+gq)VH_PCoverridesPchannel.alpha_dipextranon-physicaldegreeoffreedomforProcess=51&VH_PC=nl,defaultedat1.Varytocheckindepedence(ofalpha_dip).VBFoffsh_run:ForEWoff-shellorQCDcontinuumproductions,setthistoanindexforeachofthejobs.Seemanualformoredetails.Reso
7 nanceparameters:MReso:resonancemassinGeV
nanceparameters:MReso:resonancemassinGeV(default=125.00)GaReso:resonancewidthinGeV(default=0.00407)ctauReso:resonancedecaylengthinmm(default=0)OffshellX:Whethertoallowresonance(X)togooff-shellinprocesses0,1or2MZ:ZmassinGeV(default=91.1876)GaZ:ZwidthinGeV(default=2.4952)MW:WmassinGeV(default=80.399)GaW:WwidthinGeV(default=2.085)MReso2:2ndresonancemassinGeVinoff-shellEWGaReso2:2ndresonancewidthinGeVinoff-shellEWEWcouplingparameters:Vud:CKMelementforW-udcouplingsVus:CKMelementforW-uscouplingsVub:CKMelementforW-ubcouplingsVcd:CKMelementforW-cdcouplingsVcs:CKMelementforW-cscouplingsVcb:CKMelementforW-cbcouplingsVtd:CKMelementforW-tdcouplingsVts:CKMelementforW-tscouplingsVtb:CKMelementforW-tbcouplingsCuts:pTjetcut:MinimumpTforjetsinGeV(default:15)deltaRcut:MinimumdeltaRforjets(default:0.3)mJJcut:MinimumdijetmassinGeV(default:0)MPhotonCutoff:Minimummassforoff-shellphotonsinGeV,whenincluded(default:4)etajetcut:Maximum|eta|forjetsinoff-shellEW(default:4)detajetcut:Minimumdeltaetabetweenjetsinoff-shellEW(default:2)JetsOppositeEta:Requiresgn(eta)tobeoppositeforthetwojetsinoff-shellEW(default:true)pTlepcut:MinimumpTforleptonsinoff-shellEW,inGeV(default:3)etalepcut:Maximum|eta|forleptonsinoff-shellEW(default:2.7)m4l_min,m4l_max:Minimumandmaximumfour-leptonmassinoff-shellEWm2l_min:MinimuminvariantmassofV(on-shell)innewVH(\texttt{Process=51})(default:0)m2l_max:MaximuminvariantmassofV(on-shell)innewVH(\texttt{Process=51})(default:infinity)mVH_min:MinimuminvariantmassofVHinnewVH(\texttt{Process=51})(default:0)mVH_max:MaximuminvariantmassofVHinnewVH(\texttt{Process=51})(default:infinity)Renormalizationandfactorizationscales:FacScheme:PDFfactorizationscalescheme 9MuFacMultiplier:MultiplierforthefactorizationscalechosenbyFacSchemeRenScheme:QCDrenormalizationscaleschemeMuRenMultiplier:MultiplierfortherenormalizationscalechosenbyRenSchemeLeptonandjetfilter:NLepMin:RejecteventsthathavelessthanthismanychargedleptonsNLepMax:RejecteventsthathavemorethanthismanychargedleptonsNJetMin:RejecteventsthathavelessthanthismanyjetsNJetMax:RejecteventsthathavemorethanthismanyjetsNOSMin:Rejecteventsthathavelessthanthismanyopposite-signpairsofleptonsofanyflavorNOSMax:Rejecteventsthathavemorethanthismanyopposite-signpairsofleptonsofanyflavorNOSSFMin:Rejecteventsthathavelessthanthismanyopposite-signsame-flavorpairsofleptonsNOSSFMax:Rejecteventsthathavemorethanthismanyopposite-signsame-flavorpairsofleptonsCountTauAsAny:ForOSSFpairs,tauscanstandinplaceofelectronsormuonsofthesamecharge.WriteFailedEvents:WriteeventsthatfailintheLHEfile,butwithaweightof0(
8 offbydefault)Higgspropagatoranddecaywidt
offbydefault)Higgspropagatoranddecaywidth:WidthScheme:Higgswidthscheme:1forrunningwidth,2forfixedwidth(default),and3fortheCPSWidthSchemeIn:Fordecaymode,reweightfromonepropagatortoanotherbysettingWidthSchemeandWidthSchemeIntodifferentvaluesReweightDecay:Fordecaymode,reweightinputdecaybythedecayprobabilityPmHstarEvals:ForReweightDecay,numberofevaluationspermasspoint(default:200000)ReadPmHstar:ForReweightDecay,readthedecayprobabilitydistributionfromafilePmHstarFile:FiletowriteandreadthedecayprobabilitydistributionStatisticsoptions:VegasNc0:numberofevaluationsforintegrandscanVegasNc1:numberofevaluationsforaccept-rejectsamplingVegasNc2:numberofeventsforaccept-rejectsamplingReadCSmax:ReadtheresultsofthegridgenerationstepfromafileCSmaxFile:Filetouseforreading(ifReadCSmaxisset)orwriting(otherwise)theresultsofthegridgenerationstep.Dependingontheprocess,suffixesareappendedtothisbasename.(default:DataFilewithout.lhe)Seed:RandomseedforeventgenerationI/Ooptions:Unweighted:0=weightedevents,1=unweightedeventsWriteWeightedLHE:ForUnweighted=0,writeweightedeventstoanLHEfile(notethattheoutputcouldbehuge)DataFile:LHEoutputfileReadLHE:LHEinputfilefromexternalfile(onlyspin-0)ConvertLHE:ConvertdecayoftheVfromVHproduction.UseDecayMode1tospecifythedecay.(shouldbeaZorWmode,dependingontheinputfile)UnformattedRead:Turnthisonifthenormal,fasterreadingfailsVegasVerbosity:Turnonoroffverbosevegasprintout(1:on,0:off;default:1)Couplings:Seemanualforthefulllist2.ProcesscongurationDecayMode1,2:{DecayMode1,2=7:Validforspin-0andspin-2orforVH. 10{InVHproductionandConvertLHEmode,DecayMode1isusedforthedecayoftheV.IfitisaZdecaymode,ZHwillbeproduced;ifitisaWdecaymode,WHwillbeproduced;ifitis7, Hwillbeproduced,with stable.{InttHproduction,ifTopDKistrue,DecayMode1andDecayMode2areusedtodecaytheWbosonsfromthetopdecay.OnlyWdecaymodesareallowed.{Int+Hproduction,ifTopDKistrue,DecayMode1isusedtodecaytheWbosonfromthetopdecay.{InH!decay,ifTauDKistrue,DecayMode1,2areusedtodecaytheWbosonsfromthedecays.Interf:Fornalstateswith4same avorfermions,thisparametercontrolswhetherornottoincludeinterfer-enceeects.ReweightInterf:Foro-shellEWproduction,thisincludesthe4leptoninterferenceintheeventweights.WerecommendsettingthisoptioninsteadofInterfbecausethephasespaceintegrationismuchmoreecientwithoutinterference.Thisoptionisnotanapproximation:itismathematicallycorrectasfarasthe.lhelesgo.However,the.datlesproducedwillnotbelledcorrectlywiththisoption.RandomizeVVdecays:ForVVdecay(andsimilarlyinttHproduction),
9 bydefaulttheV'sarerandomizedsothat,forex
bydefaulttheV'sarerandomizedsothat,forexample,DecayMode1=5DecayMode2=11willproduceallcombinationsthatincludeatleastonehadronicWdecay(ratherofspecicallyhadronicdecayoftheW+).ThiscanbeswitchedobysettingRandomizeVVdecays=0.Inthiscase,DecayMode1willreferspecicallytotheW+andDecayMode2totheW.ForZZdecay,thisparameteronlydetermineswhetherthedecaysofrstandsecondZwrittentotheLHElearerandomizedornot;inthiscasetheonlyeectistheappearanceoftheoutput.PChannel:Thisparameterisonlymeaningfulinthespin-2caseandforthettHandbbHproductionmechanisms.Forspin-0,productionispossibleonlyviatheggprocess;forspin-1andfortheVBF,VH,andtHprocesses,productionisonlypossibleviatheqq0process.ForH+jjandH+j,allpartonchannelsgg,qq0,andqgareincluded.ChannelRatio:InthecasewhenPChannel=2foraspin-2resonance,thisparameterdeterminesanapproximatefractionoftheeventsthatshouldcomefromqq.ThisisequivalenttoappropriatelyscalingtheXqqcouplingswithrespecttotheXggones,butcanbedonewithoutadvanceknowledgeoftherelativecrosssections.PDFSet,LHAPDF,LHAPDFMem:TouseLHAPDF,thisfunctionalitymustbeenabledinthemakeleandtherelevantenvironmentvariablesmustbeset.SeetheinstructionsinSec.VH.OtherwisePDFSetgivesthechoicebetweenamorelimitednumberofPDFsets.3.Process-speciccongurationa.gg!ZHProcess51isanewimplementationofVHwithmatrixelementsexpressedwiththespinor-helicityformalism,includingLOqq!V!VH(currentlyinbeta,Process50shouldbeusedinstead),one-loopinducedLOgg!ZH,andqq!V!VHatNLO.Theinitialstate,orderofcalculation,anddiagrams(triangle,box,both,ortheinterferencetermbetweenthetwo,forgg)issetbytheparameterVH PC,withitsoptionslistedabove.The Hprocess,i.e.DecayMode1=7,isnotyetimplementedforProcess=51.b.O-shellHiggsproductioninVBF/VH.Processes66(signal),67(background),and68(sig-nal+background+interference)provideaninterfacetoamodiedversionofMCFM[8]too-shellEWproductionqq!qq+VV(!4`),includingallanomalouscouplings.V(!qq)+HandtheequivalentVVVbackgroundtopologiesarepartofthebackground.WenotethatonlyVV=ZZ(!4f)isavailable.FinalstateswithVV=WW(!2`2)canbegeneratedbutareinabetaversionthatisnotfullytested.Fortheseprocesses,asecondspin-zeroresonancecanbeactivatedbysettingMReso2andGaReso2tononzerovalues.Thesecondresonance'scouplingscanbesettoarbitraryvalues,similartotherstresonance's.Thesecouplingsaredenotedasgh2*.Notethattheconventionoftheghz*/ghw*couplingsdierssuchthattheSMvalueofghz1andghw1aredenedas1,ratherthan2asdenedinotherprocesses(theybecomesessentiallysca
10 lingfactorswithrespecttoSM).Thisalsomean
lingfactorswithrespecttoSM).Thisalsomeansthatallthecouplings(notonlyghz1andghw1)whichaectHVVinteractionshavetobescaleddownbyafactorof2coherently,withrespecttowhatisexpectedinEqs.(1)or(2).ThisaectsonlythedirectHVVcouplingsinEqs.(1)or(2)andtheoriginofthisconventionisintheMCFMconventionforghz1andghw1(gZZ1andgWW1)couplingsintheo-shellmatrixelements.TherelativesizeofallHVVcouplingsinourframeworkispreservedthisway.Itisimportanttonotethatthecontinuumbackgroundmatrixelementsarenotaectedbythe 11aboveconventionandalltheSMandanomalouscouplingsdiscussedonpage18sectionIVA10cinapplicationtothebackgroundparameterizationdonotneedtoberescaled,eveniftheyareexpressedthoughtheHVVcouplings.WhenproducingunweightedEWo-shellevents,jobsmustbesubmittedintwosteps,with164jobsperstep,eachjobcorrespondingtoaparticularmother-associatedpartoncombination.Eachsetofjobscanberuninparallel,butnoneofthejobsinthethesecondsetcanstartuntilalljobsintherstsetarecompleted.1.Gridgeneration(VBFoffsh=1..164):./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=1./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=2./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=3./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=4./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=52.Eventgeneration,whichcanonlybeginafterallpreviousjobshaveended:./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=1VegasNc2=10000ReadCSmax./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=2VegasNc2=10000ReadCSmax./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=3VegasNc2=10000ReadCSmax./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=4VegasNc2=10000ReadCSmax./JHUGenProcess=68deltaRcut=0.3pTjetcut=10mJJcut=70m4l min=70m4l max=13000VegasNc0=10000000Interf=0ghz1=1d0,0d0VBFoffsh run=5VegasNc2=10000ReadCSmaxSimilarly,processes70(signal),71(background),and72(signal+background
11 +interference)generateo-shellEWprod
+interference)generateo-shellEWproductionVV!VVinassociationwithaWoraZbosondecayingleptonically.However,theseprocessesarestillinastateofanuntestedbetaversion.Thesamecouplingsforprocesses66or68canbeusedfor70or72.Theseprocessesrequire84partonicchannelsintherstgridgenerationstepinsteadof164.Inaddition,process69implementsanuntestedbetaversionofQCDproductionofVV(!4f)inassociationwithtwopartons,butthisprocessonlyincludesthecontinuumproductionwithoutHiggscontribution.Thereare175partonicchannelsassociatedwiththisprocess.Thenalresultwillbeasmany.lhelesasthenumberofpartonicchannels,eachcontainingeventsfromthatparticularpartonicchannel.Thenumberofeventsineachlewillbeproportionaltothecrosssectionofthosechannels.Thetotalnumberofeventsinthevelesmaybelargerorsmallerthanthenumberofeventsrequested.Ifyouwanttheexactnumberofevents,usethesamerandomseedveallvejobsofthesecondstep.Itisalsopossibletoreusetheoutputoftherststeptorunmorejobsinthesecondstep.Forexample,torun1millioneventsusing400jobs,youcanruntherststeponce,thenrun100setsof4jobseach,using100dierentrandomseeds.c.O-shellHiggsproductioningluonfusion.TheMCFMinterfacealsoallowstheproductionofZZ=WW!4f(withoutanyotherassociatedparticles)throughgluonfusionwithinnite-ornite-massquarksintheggHinteraction.Thecorrespondingprocessesare73(signal),74(background),and75(signal+background+interference).Thesethreeprocessesarestillinastateofanuntestedbetaversion.(Inthemeantime,theseprocessesaresupportedwiththematrixelementsextendedforanomalouscouplingswithintheJHUGenframeworkandintegratedintotheMCFMframeworkforsimulationofevents.)Onlyasinglepartonicchannel,gg,isrelevantforthisprocess.Thesecondresonanceparameterscanbeusedinthisprocessaswell.Inaddition,theggHvertexcanbemodiedviagh*g*orgh*g*_4genfortwoseparatecouplingsperresonanceforpoint-likeggHinteractions,orkappa*_*_topandkappa*_*_bot,orkappa*_tilde*_4gen_topandkappa*_tilde*_4gen_botforathird-generationtopandabottomquark,orafourth-generationtoporbottomquarkintheloop,respectively,againseparatelyimplementedforeachresonance.Forthefourth-generationinteractions,thecorrespondingmassesm_top_4genandm_bot_4genneedtobesetandarecommontobothresonances.Themassesmodifyingthethirdgenerationquarkloopsarem_topandm_bot. 124.ResonanceparametersOffshellX:The agspecieswhethertheeventsforprocesses0,1or2featureadelta-functionresonancemass(whensetto0)atoranite-widthdistributionaroundtheresonancemass(whensetto1).ThisoptionreplacestheOffXVVnumerical aginpreviousversions.5.Cu
12 tspTjetcut,etajetcut,deltaRcut,mJJc
tspTjetcut,etajetcut,deltaRcut,mJJcutAllofthesecutsareusedinprocesses60(VBF),61(H+jj),90(bbH),66-75(o-shell),andalso80(ttH)ifm_Topissettobelight(10GeV).Inaddition,pTjetcutisusedinprocess62(H+j)andalsoprocesses110{113(t=t+H)ifm_Topislight.pTlepcut,etalepcutsimilarlyadjustthepTorjjofleptons.MPhotonCutoffIfthedecayistoZZandanyofthecouplingstophotons(ghzgsXorghgsgsX,orcontinuumamplitudeswithvirtualphotons)isset,the contributionwillbeincludedalongwiththeZ's.Similarly,ifthedecayistoZ andanyoftheghgsgsXcouplingsareset,the contributionwillbeincludedaswell.Inthiscase,alowercutonthephotoninvariantmasshastobeplacedinordertoavoidthecollinearsingularity.ThiscanbesetusingMPhotonCuto.pTjetcut,etajetcut,detajetcut,deltaRcut,mJJcut,m4l_min,m4l_max,m2l_min,m2l_max,mVH_min,mVH_max,pTlepcut,etalepcut,andpTHcutareavailableforProcess51.Thedefaultvaluesaresetsuchthatthereisnocuts.6.RenormalizationandfactorizationscalesFacScheme,MuFacMultiplier,andRenScheme,MuRenMultiplier:Therearecurrently10dierentschemes,whichsetthebasisofthescaleuptothescalemultiplier.Apostiveintegerusesrunningscalespereventwhereasanegativeoneusesaxedscale,andMuFacMultiplierandMuRenMultiplierdeterminethescalemultipliersforthefactorizationandrenormalizationscales,respectively:{0:F;Raresettothedefaultvaluesofeachprocess.ThecommandlinevaluesofMuFacMultiplierandMuRenMultiplieraredisregarded.{1:F;R/p q2Hiftheschemenumberispositive,orF;R/mHiftheschemenumberisnegative.+1isthedefaultvalueforProcess0,1and2withscalemultiplier0:5,and1isthedefaultvalueforProcess50,60,61and62withscalemultiplier1.{2:Iftheschemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2JJH,whereJreferstoaparticle(partonsorleptons)immediatelyassociatedintheHiggsproduction.IftheschemenumberisnegativeandtheHiggsandtheassociatedpartonsoriginatefromacommonparticle(e.g.VinVH),F;R/mJJH.{3:Iftheschemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2JJ+p q2H.IftheschemenumberisnegativeandtheassociatedparticlesoriginatefromacommonparticlewithouttheHiggs(e.g.VinVH),F;R/mJJ+mH.{4:Iftheschemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2J1+p q2J2+p q2H,whereJ1;2aretheassociatedparticles.Iftheschemenumberisnegativeandthematrixelementtreatstheassociatedparticlesasmassive(e.g.tandtinttH),F;R/mJ1+mJ2+mH.4isthedefaultvalueforProcess80and90withscalemultiplier0:5.{5:Iftheschemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2JJ.IftheschemenumberisnegativeandtheassociatedparticlesoriginatefromacommonparticlewithouttheHiggs(e.g.VinVH),F;R/mJJ.{6:Ifthes
13 chemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2J1+p
chemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2J1+p q2J2,whereJ1;2aretheassociatedparticles.Iftheschemenumberisnegativeandthematrixelementtreatstheassociatedparticlesasmassive(e.g.tandtinttH),F;R/mJ1+mJ2.{7:Iftheschemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2JH,whereJisthemoremassiveassociatedparticlebyitspolemass.Iftheschemenumberisnegativeandthematrixelementtreatsanassociatedparticleasmassive(e.g.tint+H),F;R/mJ+mHforthemostmassiveassociatedparticle. 13{8:Iftheschemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2J+p q2H,whereJisthemoremassiveassociatedparticle.Iftheschemenumberisnegativeandthematrixelementtreatsanassociatedparticleasmassive(e.g.tint+H),F;R/mJ+mHforthemostmassiveassociatedparticle(sameasoption-7).8isthedefaultvalueforProcess110,111,112and113.withscalemultiplier0:25.{9:Iftheschemenumberispositive,F;R/p q2J,whereJisthemoremassiveassociatedparticle.Iftheschemenumberisnegativeandthematrixelementtreatsanassociatedparticleasmassive(e.g.tint+H),F;R/mJ.{+10:F;R/pJT,whereJisthehardestassociatedjet.{+11:F;R/pJT,whereJisthesoftestassociatedjet.7.LeptonandjetlterAnycombinationofNLepMin/Max,NOSMin/Max,NOSSFMin/MaxcanbeusedinReadLHEmodetoltertheevents.CountTauAsAny,obydefault,countseachtauasanelectronormuonofthesamesigntowardsanOSSFpair.NJetMin/Maxcanbeusedaloneorinconjunctionwiththeleptonlter(e.g.requesttwoleptonsandajet).Itcountseachnalstatequarkorgluonasajet.WriteFailedEvents:Bydefault,eventsthatfailtheleptonlterarenotwrittentotheLHEle.Ifthisoptionissetto1,theyarewritten,buttheirweightissetto0.Ifitissetto2,theyarewrittenwithaweightofzeroandwithnoparticlesintheevent(thissavesdiskspacewithandisacceptedbyPythia,butsomeparsersmaynotlikeit).Thisoptionisusefulifthesamenumberofeventsarerequiredtobeintheinputandtheoutput.8.HiggspropagatoranddecaywidthWidthScheme:ThisoptioncontrolsthewidthschemeinJHUGen.Theoptionsare1forrunningwidth,2forxedwidth,and3forthecomplexpolescheme[11,12].2isthedefaultoption.NotethattheparametervalueshavethesamemeaningasinPOWHEG.WidthSchemeIn:InReadLHEmode,ifthisisspeciedandisdierentthanWidthScheme,theresonancepropa-gatorwillbereweightedbetweenthethreeoptionsspeciedabovebymultiplyingtheLHEweightofeacheventbytheratioofthepropagators.ReweightDecay:Bydefault,inReadLHEmode,outputeventsarewrittenwiththesameweightasintheinputle.Forawideresonance,thisisnotfullycorrect.Thefullprobabilityforagg!X!VV!4feventcanbewrittenasP(gg!X!VV!4f)=Pprod(m4f;~ prod)Pdec(m4f)Pdec(~ decayjm4f)Whil
14 etherstfactorisgeneratedbytheinputg
etherstfactorisgeneratedbytheinputgeneratorandthethirdbyJHUGen,bydefaultthesecondfactor,thedecaycontributiontothemassshape,islost.IfReweightDecay=1,thistermwillbemultipliedintotheweightoftheeventwrittenintheLHEle.{IfPOWHEGwasgeneratedwithaxedwidthlineshape,thefullPdec(m4f)ismultipliedintotheweight.{IfPOWHEGwasgeneratedwiththeCPSoption,thenm4fH,whichisproportionaltoPX!anything(m4l),isalreadyincludedinthelineshape.Thisisnotexactlycorrect,aswhatisneededisthemorespecicPX!(decaymode).Theweightisthereforemultipliedbythebranchingfraction.Toselectoneoftheseoptions,POWHEGinputdecaymodeisspeciedbyWidthSchemeIn.Alternatively,JHUGenwilltrytoreadtheparameterbwshapefromtheheaderofthePOWHEGle.Usingotherinputgeneratorsrequiresanadvanceknowledgeofhowthelineshapeisgenerated;ifneitheroftheseoptionsappliesitmaybesimplertoapplyasimilarweightafterthefactratherthanintheLHEle.{PmHstarEvals:Controlsthenumberofevaluationspermasspoint.Thedefaultis200000athighmasses,correspondingtoaprecisionofabout0:2%,butincreasesatlowerm_Reso,wheretheoshellZ'smaketheintegrationlessecient. 14{PmHstarFile:AftereachrunusingReweightDecay,thedistributioniswrittentoalespeciedbythisoption(default:PMZZdistribution.out).{ReadPmHstar:ReadindistributionfromPmHstarFileinsteadofcalculatingitagain.ThisonlymakessenseiftheDecayModes,couplings,etc.arethesameaslasttime;otherwiseyouwillreadadistributionthatnolongermakessense.9.Statisticsoptions{VegasNc0,1,2:ForunweightedeventgenerationVegasNc0speciesthenumberofevaluationsfortheinitialintegrandscan.TheactualeventgenerationiscontrolledbyeitherVegasNc1orVegasNc2.VegasNc1speciesthenumberoftriesintheaccept/rejectphaseandVegasNc2isthenumberofgeneratedevents.WhengeneratingunweightedeventsinReadLHEmode,bothVegasNc1orVegasNc2canbeusedtospecifythenumberofgeneratedevents.ForthegenerationofweightedeventsVegasNc1speciesthenumberofevaluationsforeachof5iterationsduringtheinitialintegrandscan.VegasNc2givesthe(approximate)numberofgeneratedweightedevents.{ReadCSmax:IfReadCSmaxisspeciedonthecommandline,thegridgenerationstepisskippedandtheresultsarereadfromale.Thiscanspeeduptheprocessbyrunningashortjobrst,andthenmanyjobsinparallelusingthisoption.Thisonlymakessenseifthecouplings,etc.arethesameaslasttime;otherwiseyourresultswon'tmakesense.{Seed:Toreproducepreviousresults,therandomseedcanbesetonthecommandline.BecauseFortranusesmultiplerandomseeds(theexactnumberiscompilerdependent),theseedprovidedisusedalongwithotherxedseedsspeciedinmod_Parameters
15 .F90togeneratehowevermanyseedsareneeded.
.F90togeneratehowevermanyseedsareneeded.Ifnoseedisprovidedonthecommandline,theseedisdeterminedfromthesystemtimeandprocessid.Eitherway,itisprintedintheheaderoftheoutputlesothattheresultscanbereproduced.Pleasenotethatrandomnumbergenerationiscompilerdependent,sotoensurereproducibilitythesamecompiler(andpreferablythesameversionofthecompiler)shouldbeused.Tofacilitatethis,thecompilerandversionarewrittenintheheaderoftheLHEle.Itisalsonotguaranteedthattheresultscanbereproducedusingadierentversionofthegenerator.10.CouplingsThegeneralsyntaxis:{ghgX,ghzX,ghzX_primeY,cz_qXsq,Lambda_zXY,ghwX,ghwX_primeY,cw_qXsq,Lambda_wXY,ghzgsX,ghzgs1_prime2,andghgsgsXforspin0HVVcouplings(seethelistfortherangesofXandY){zprime_qq_left,zprime_qq_right,zprime_zz_1,andzprime_zz_2forspin1{aX,bX,graviton_qq_left,andgraviton_qq_rightforspin2(seethelistfortherangeofX){TheHffcouplingskappaandkappa_tildeandvariantsExceptfortheformfactors(cz_qXsq,Lambda_zXY,andtheirWWequivalents),thecouplingsarecomplex,andmustbesetwithacommabetweentherealandimaginaryparts.Forexample:ghz1=0,0ghz4=1,0Ifananomalouscouplingisturnedon,thedefaultcouplinginthesamecategorymustalsobespeciedtoleaveitonorturnito.Forexample,ifghz4isspecied,ghz1musteitherbesetto0,0togenerateapurepseudoscalarortosomeothervaluetogenerateaCP-violatingmixture.Intheweakvectorbosonfusionprocess(VBF)wealsoallowfordierentZZHandWWHcouplings.Perdefault,theyareassumedtobeequal,setbytheZcouplings;however,ifanyoftheWcouplingsareset,theywillbeusedinsteadforWWHfusion.WWHcanbeturnedoentirelybyexplicitlysettingoneofthemto0,0.FortheHffcouplings,onecanalsospecifykappa_toporkappa_tilde_topfortheprocessesthatinvolveHttcoupling,andkappa_botorkappa_tilde_botfortheprocessesthatinvolveHbbcoupling.Settingkappaandkappa_tildeinsteadofthesesetsofcouplingssetsallrelevantHffcouplingstothesamevalue. 15a.Spin-0parametersTheghg*parameterscontrolthecouplingofaspin-0resonancetogluonsintheproductionmechanism.Inpractice,theproductionparametersdonothavealargeeectonHiggsdecaysinceangularcorrectionsfromtheproductionmechanismarelostforspinlessparticles.Theghz*parameterscontrolthedecayintoZandWbosons.Thesespin-0couplingsaredescribedinEq.(9)fromRef.[2],andcanbesetfromthecommandline.Weallowforq2dependentformfactorssimilartothosedescribedinRef.[3]:gi(q1;q2)=g0i4i (2i+jq21j)(2i+jq22j)+g02iq21+q22 2i+g03iq21q22 2i+g04i(q1+q2)2 2Q+g05iq212+q222 4i+g06iq212q222 4i+g07iq21q22 4igi(q1;q2)=
16 gii1+gi(q1;q2)+gi(1
gii1+gi(q1;q2)+gi(1i1)2i12i22i3 (2i1+ci1jq21j)(2i2+ci2jq22j)(2i3+ci3j(q1+q2)2j)Theuserhastheoptiontochoosebetweenthesefunctionalforms,wherethetermmultiplyingg0icorrespondstothefullfunctionalformandtheg02i:::g07icorrespondtoanexpansionin2.Thenamesanddefaultvaluesoftheseparametersarefoundinmod_Parameters.F90.Tosetthemonthecommandline,use,forexample,ghz1=1,0,where1representstherealpartand0representstheimaginarypart.!--parametersthatdefineoffshellspin0couplingtoSMfields,seenotecomplex(8),public::ghg2=(1.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghg3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghg4=(0.0d0,0d0)!pseudoscalarcomplex(8),public::ghz1=(2.0d0,0d0)!=1foroff-shellprocessesinSMcomplex(8),public::ghz2=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz4=(0.0d0,0d0)!pseudoscalar!--parametersthatdefineq^2dependentformfactorscomplex(8),public::ghz1_prime=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz1_prime2=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz1_prime3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz1_prime4=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz1_prime5=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz1_prime6=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz1_prime7=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz2_prime=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz2_prime2=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz2_prime3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz2_prime4=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz2_prime5=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz2_prime6=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz2_prime7=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3_prime=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3_prime2=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3_prime3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3_prime4=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3_prime5=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3_prime6=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz3_prime7=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz4_prime=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz4_prime2=(0.0d0,0d0) 16complex(8),public::ghz4_prime3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz4_prime4=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz4_prime5=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz4_prime6=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghz4_prime7=(0.0d0,0d0)real(8),public,parameter::Lambda_z1=10000d0*GeVreal(8),public,parameter::Lambda_z2=10000d0*GeVreal(8),public,parameter::Lambda_z3=10000d0*GeVreal(8),public,parameter::Lambda_z4=10000d0*GeVreal(8),public,parameter::Lambda_Q=10000d0*GeVinteger,public::cz_q1sq=0d0!Signofq1,2,12**2forthefollowingLambda'sinteger,public::cz_q2sq=0d0integer,public::cz_q12sq=0d0real(8),public::Lambda_z11=100d0*GeV!ForZ1real(8),public::Lambda_z21=100d0*GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z31=100d0*GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z41=100d0*
17 GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z12=100d0*GeV!
GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z12=100d0*GeV!ForZ2real(8),public::Lambda_z22=100d0*GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z32=100d0*GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z42=100d0*GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z10=100d0*GeV!FortheHiggsreal(8),public::Lambda_z20=100d0*GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z30=100d0*GeVreal(8),public::Lambda_z40=100d0*GeVIntermediateoshellphotonscanbeincludedalongwiththeZbosonforZbosonnalstates,ZHproduction,andVBFproduction.Theircouplingstothespin-0resonancearecontrolledbyseparateparameters,complex(8),public::ghzgs2=(0.00d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghzgs3=(0.00d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghzgs4=(0.00d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghgsgs2=(0.00d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghgsgs3=(0.00d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghgsgs4=(0.00d0,0d0)wheretherstthreecorrespondtoZ couplingsandthelatterthreecorrespondsto interactions.Thesetwosetsofparametersalsocontrolthecouplingstrengthinnalstateswithon-shellphotons,i.e.H!Z orH! decaysandZ= ! Hproduction.Theanomalouscouplinginvolvingtheoshellphotonmomentum(in Zinteractions)g01q2 Z 1m2Z12issetbycomplex(8),public::ghzgs1_prime2=(0.0d0,0d0)real(8),public,parameter::Lambda_zgs1=10000d0*GeV.EachghzX,ghzX_primeY,Lambda_zXY,andcz_qXsqparameterhasaghwX,ghzwX_primeY,Lambda_wXY,andcw_qXsqcounterpart,whichareusedfortheWWHcouplinginVBFifatleastoneofthemissetonthecommandline.Similarly,gh2zX,gh2zX_primeY,Lambda2_zXY,c2z_qXsq,gh2wX,gh2wX_primeY,Lambda2_wXY,andc2w_qXsqcanbeusedtosetthecouplingsofthesecondresonanceino-shellEWproduction.b.ContacttermsandV0couplingsJHUGenalsosupportsaspinzeroresonancecouplingtoanewspin-1boson,Z0orW0,inVBFandVHproductionandindecay.ThesecouplingsaresetbyparametersequivalenttotheHZZcouplings.Forexample, 17complex(8),public::ghzzp1=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghzpzp1=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ghzpgs2=(0d0,0d0)givecouplingsforHZZ0,HZ0Z0,andHZ0 thatareequivalenttoghz1orghzgs2.AllsupportedcouplingsforHZZhaveequivalentcouplingsforHZZ0andHZ0Z0,andallsupportedcouplingsforHZ haveequivalentcouplingsforHZ0 .AsintheWWcase,bydefaulttheHWW0andHW0W0couplingsareassumedtobethesameasHZZ0andHZ0Z0.IntheVBFproduction,theequivalentcouplingsghwwp*andghwpwp*canbeset.IfanyoftheHWW,HWW0,orHW0W0couplingsaresetexplicitly,HW(0)W(0)iscompletelyseparatedfromHZ(0)Z(0),andthespeciedcouplingsareusedinstead.InbothZ0andW0cases,theMVparameterinEq.1issettoMZandMW,respectively,inordertoavoidassumptionsforaparticularmassmatrix.Theuserneedstosetthecouplingsaccordinglyinordertotheirparticularmodel.ThecouplingsbetweenV0andfermionsaresetbycomplex(8),publ
18 ic::ezp_El_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),publ
ic::ezp_El_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_El_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Mu_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Mu_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Ta_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Ta_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_NuE_left=(0d0,0d0)!sameforNuMuandNuTaucomplex(8),public::ezp_NuE_right=(0d0,0d0)!sameforNuMuandNuTaucomplex(8),public::ezp_Up_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Up_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Chm_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Chm_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Dn_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Dn_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Str_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Str_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Bot_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ezp_Bot_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_El_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_El_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Mu_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Mu_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Ta_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Ta_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Up_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Up_right=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Chm_left=(0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::ewp_Chm_right=(0d0,0d0)Thevaluesofezp*left(ezp*right)couplingsthatgiveSMcouplingscanbesetby2Tf3Qfsin2W(2Qfsin2W),whereTf3andQfaretheweakisospinandchargeofthefermioninconsideration.Withthesimilarconventions,thevaluesofewp*left(ewp*right)couplingsthatgiveSMcouplingscanbesetbyq 21sin2W(0).TheCKMmechanismisassumedtoaecttheW0ffcouplingsthesamewayasitaectstheWffcouplings.Bydefault,Z0andW0areassumedtohaveinnitemass.Undertheseconditions,settingghzzp1andsomeoftheV0ffcouplingstononzerovaluesisequivalenttothecontacttermsdescribedin[13].Z0(W0)canalsobegivennitemassbysettingitsmassMZprime(MWprime)andwidthGaZprime(GaWprime)onthecommandline.ThelifetimeoftheV0isdeterminedbythectauVprimeoptioninunitsofmilimeters.ForcaseswhereonlytheV0V0couplingsaresetintheprocesses0,1,2,50and51,anonzerodecaylengthisrecordedforallsuchV0difermionpairs.Inallothercases,thefactorVprimeDecayLengthMassCutoffFactorcontrolstheextentoftheinvariantmassofthedifermionpairinunitsofV0inordertorecordanonzerodecaylength;avaluelessthanorequalto0forthisfactorassignsadecaylengthtoallV0difermionpairswithadefaultvalueof10. 18c.GaugebosonselfcouplingsO-shellVBFprocesses66(signal),67(background),and68(sig-nal+background+interference)involvetripleandquarticgaugecouplingsinEqs.(9-10).TosetthecouplingsinEq.(11)onthecommandlineusee.g.d 1$dVA;d 2$dPA;d 3$dMA;dZ1$dVZ;dZ2$dPZ;d
19 Z3$dMZ;d 4d WW$dFourA;dZ4dZWW$dF
Z3$dMZ;d 4d WW$dFourA;dZ4dZWW$dFourZ;d WW$dAAWpWm;sw cwdZ WW$dZAWpWm;s2w c2wdZZWW$dZZWpWm:Forexample,inordertosimulatethehypothesiswithgZZ1=2:0;gWW1=2:0;ZZ1=ZZ2=10:0;WW1=WW2=18:6Z 2=15:68;dZ1=dZ2=dZ3=1:08;dZ WW=1:96;dZZWW=3:84:thecommandlineshouldbe./JHUGenProcess=68ghz1=1.0,0.0ghw1=1.0,0.0ghz2=0.0,0.0ghw2=0.0,0.0ghz1_prime2=-5.0,0.0ghw1_prime2=-9.3,0.0ghzgs1_prime2=-7.84,0.0dV_A=1.0,0.0dV_Z=1.08,0.0dP_A=1.0,0.0dP_Z=1.08,0.0dM_A=1.0,0.0dM_Z=1.08,0.0dZZWpWm=1.15,0.0dZAWpWm=1.08,0.0...Notethatasdiscussedonpage10,thedirectHVVcouplingsneedtobedividedby2inprocesses66-68.However,whenusingthesecouplingstoexpressthetripleandquarticgaugecouplingsfollowingEqs.(15-20),nosuchdivisionisnecessary.Inotherwords,thescalingconventionappliesonlytodirectHVVcouplingsconguredinthegenerator,whileitdoesnotapplytoTGCandQGCinanyway.Thisconventionmayappearconfusingatrst,butshouldbecometransparentwithcarefulconsideration,andpleasechecktheexampleaboveaswell.ItistheunfortunateconsequenceoftheSMconventiongZZ1=gWW1=1intheMCFMmatrixelement(asopposedtogZZ1=gWW1=2elsewhere),whichwewouldliketopreserveforcompatibilitypurpose.d.Spin-1parametersTheparametersbelowrepresentthecouplingsgiveninEq.(16)fromRef.[2].Thezprime_qq_*parameterscontroltheproductionofthespin-1resonancewhilethezprime_zz_*parameterscontrolthedecay.!---parametersthatdefinespin1couplingtoSMfields,seenotecomplex(8),public::zprime_qq_left=(1.0d0,0d0)!seenoteEq.(4)complex(8),public::zprime_qq_right=(1.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::zprime_zz_1=(0.0d0,0d0)!=1forJP=1-complex(8),public::zprime_zz_2=(0.0d0,0d0)!=1forJP=1+e.Spin-2parametersThea*parameterscontrolthecouplingofaspin-2resonancetogluonsintheproductionmechanism.Theb*parameterscontrolthedecaytoeitherZZorWW(b),Z (zgs),or (gsgs).Thespin-2couplingsaredescribedbyEq.(18)fromRef.[2],andcanbesetonthecommandline.complex(8),public::a1=(1.0d0,0d0)!g1--c.f.notecomplex(8),public::a2=(0.0d0,0d0)!g2complex(8),public::a3=(0.0d0,0d0)!g3complex(8),public::a4=(0.0d0,0d0)!g4complex(8),public::a5=(0.0d0,0d0)!pseudoscalar,g8complex(8),public::graviton_qq_left=(1.0d0,0d0)!gravitoncouplingtoquarkscomplex(8),public::graviton_qq_right=(1.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b1=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b2=(0.0d0,0d0) 19complex(8),public::b3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b4=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b5=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b6=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b7=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b8=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b9=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::b10=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bzg
20 s1=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bzgs2=(
s1=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bzgs2=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bzgs3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bzgs4=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bzgs8=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bgsgs1=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bgsgs2=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bgsgs3=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bgsgs4=(0.0d0,0d0)complex(8),public::bgsgs8=(0.0d0,0d0)Asinthespin0case,decaytoZ0isfullysupported.EachoftheparameterslistedaboveforVVhasanequivalentparameterthatdescribesthespin2resonance'scouplingtoVV0andV0V0;examplesincludebzzp1andbzpzp2.Similarly,theparametersdescribingthedecaytoZ haveequivalentparameters,suchasbzpgs3,thatdescribethedecaytoZ0 .Theparameterscontrollingthemass,width,andfermioncouplingsofZ0andW0aredescribedaboveinSectionIVA10b.B.CongurationinparameterleSomemoreadvancedparameterscanbefoundinmod_Parameters.F90.TheseincludeSMparameterssuchasthemassesofparticlesandelectroweakcouplings,whichcanbechangedforprecisesyncingwithothergeneratorsused,forexample.Lookforthe!constantssection.mod_Parameters.F90alsocontainsalternateschemesforsettingthespin0andspin2couplings,speciedbyEq.(11)andEq.(20)of[2]insteadofEq.(9)andEq.(18).Toenablethesecouplings,setgenerate_asto.true.andsettheahg*andahz*couplingsforspin0,orsetgenerate_bisto.false.andsetthec*couplingsforspin2.Notethatthesealternatecouplingsonlyworkforprocesses0and2,notforotherproductionmodesthatusespin0couplings.Anymodicationtomod_Parameters.F90requiresrecompilingJHUGen.Werecommendcontactingtheauthorsbeforemodifyingmod_Parameters.F90.Ifthefunctionalityyouwantisusefulandreallycannotbeachievedanyotherway,wecanconsidermakingitavailableasacommandlineoption.V.EXAMPLESThebelowexamplesarenotmeanttobeacompleteset,butrathersomeinterestingandrelevantcases.Inmanycases,theexampleisnottheonlywaytoproducesuchascenario.A.JP=0+mresonance,X!ZZorWW./JHUGenghz1=1,0(...otheroptions)B.JP=0mresonance,X!ZZorWW./JHUGenghz1=0,0ghz4=1,0(...otheroptions) 20C.JP=0+mresonance,X! Inpractice,theexampleX! fromthissection,Sec.VCandthenextSec.VDarekinematicallythesamebutarepresentedonlytoillustratehowonetakescareofthisnalstate.However,inthecaseofSec.VE,thecouplingschosendoaectthekinematics../JHUGenDecayMode1=7DecayMode2=7ghgsgs2=1,0(...otheroptions)D.JP=0mresonance,X! ./JHUGenDecayMode1=7DecayMode2=7ghgsgs4=1,0(...otheroptions)E.JP=0mresonance,X! !4`./JHUGenDecayMode1=0DecayMode2=0ghz1=0,0ghgsgs4=1,0(...otheroptions)F.JP=2+mresonance,X!ZZorWWor ./JHUGenProcess=2a1=1,0a2=0,0b1=1,0b2=0,0b5=1,0(...otheroptions)G.Cross-sectioncalculationandfractionnotation
21 Foravectorbosoncoupling,wecanrepresentth
Foravectorbosoncoupling,wecanrepresentthefourindependentparametersbytwofractions(fg2andfg4)andtwophases(g2andg4),denedfortheHZZandHWWcouplingsasfollows(ignoringg3)fgi=jgij2i jg1j21+jg2j22+jg4j24;gi=arggi g1:Inordertoobtainthecross-sectionsicorrespondingtothegi=1coupling,generatelargeenough(e.g.Veg-asNc1=1000000,VegasNc2=50000000)numberofweighted(Unweighted=0)withthecorrespondingcouplingssetup(gi=1,gj6=i=0).H.LHAPDFItispossibletointerfacetoanLHAPDFsetupinsteadofcompilingwithlocalPDF's.Toaccomplishthis:Inthemakele:{SetUseLHAPDF=Yes{SetMyLHADirtoadirectorywithyourLHAPDFsetup.Thiscanbeintermsofenvironmentvariables;forexampleMyLHADir=${LHAPDF_DATA_PATH}/../../lib/shouldworkaslongas${LHAPDF_DATA_PATH}onlycontainsonedirectory.Ensurethat$LHAPDF_DATA_PATHand$LD_LIBRARY_PATHareset(bothwhencompilingandwhenrunning).CompileRunwiththeextracommandlineparameterLHAPDFspecifyingyourPDFset's.infole.Forexample:LHAPDF=NNPDF30_lo_as_0130/NNPDF30_lo_as_0130.infoVI.JHUGENERATORMATRIXELEMENTS(JHUGENMELA)TheseinstructionsaremeantasanintroductiontoMELAanddonotillustratethefull exibilityprovidedbythepackage.Forfurtherinstructions,pleasecontacttheauthors. 21A.CompilingAfterextractingthecode,youcangotothedirectoryJHUGenMELA/MELAtondcodeforcomputingmatrixelementsdirectly.Tocompilethecode,simplyrun./setup.sh.Youcanspecifytheoption-jNformulti-corecompilation,oroptioncleanforcleanup.ThereisalsotheoptiondepstoonlysetupdependencieswithoutcompilingMELAitself,whichisusefulifyouonlyintendtousethedependenciesforlinkingtoJHUGenerator.ThescriptwillprintasetofinstructionstorunattheendofitsexecutioninordertosetuptothreeenvironmentvariablesthatareneededtorunMELA:LD LIBRARY PATHneedstoincludethelibrarypathforMELA,PYTHONPATHneedstocontainthepathforthtePythonMELAinterface,andSCRAM ARCHneedstobesettorefertooneofthefoldersinsideMELA/dataforthecorrectversionoftheMCFMlibrary.Pleasetakenote:ThesetupreliesonMCFMlibraries,whicharedownloadedfromthemainwebpageduringthesetup.shscript.Theyareprovidedforgfort+gccversion4.6orlater,andonlyforSLC.Theyworkout-of-the-boxwithothercompilerversionsthatarenottoofaraway,andweregularlymonitornewversions.IfyouareusingSLCbutaverynewgfort/gccversionthatrequiresanewprecompiledlibrary,letusknowandwewillprovideitpromptly.IfyouarenotusingSLC,ortheprecompiledlibrariesdonotwork,youcanalwayscompiletheMCFMlibraryyourselfbygoingintotheMCFM-JHUGendirectoryandrunning./compile.sh(-jN)(./compile.shcleanforcleanup).MELArequirestheROOTpackage[14],andthesimple
22 stwaytouseMELAistocompileinROOT.Runthe|l
stwaytouseMELAistocompileinROOT.Runthe|loadMELA.C|scriptinthetestdirectorybeforecompilingorloadinganyotherscriptsthatrelyonMELA.ItisalsopossibletolinkagainsttheMELAcodedirectly.B.StartingoutTobegin,createaMelaobject.Forexample,Mela;std::unique_ptrmela(newMela(13,125))indicatesa13TeVLHCenergyanda125GeVHiggsboson.ItisnotrecommendedtocreatemultipleMelaobjectssimultaneously,assomeparametersinFortranwillbesharedbetweentheobjects.C.EventinputThenextstepistoprovidemelawiththeparticlesintheevent.AneventinMELAcontainsthreesetsofparticles:theHiggsbosondecayproducts(\daughters"),particlesproducedinassociationwiththeHiggsboson,suchasVBFjetsorparticlesfromtheVdecayinVH(\associated"),andtheincomingpartons(\mothers").EachparticlehasaPDGidanda4-momentum.Themotherscanandshouldbeleftoutwhendealingwithreconstructedevents,sincetheyarenotknown.Inthatcaseeitheranemptyvectororanullpointercanbeused.Similarly,theassociatedcollectioncanbeemptywhentherearenoassociatedparticles.IfyouneedtocalculatematrixelementsfortheHiggsbosondecay,ofcourseitisnecessarytosupplythedecayproducts'PDGidsandmomenta.Ifyouonlyneedtocalculateproductionmatrixelements(VBForVH,forinstance),the\daughters"canjustcontaintheHiggsbosonitself,withid25andtheHiggsboson's4-momentum.Toconstructanevent,usethissyntax:SimpleParticleCollection_tdaughters,associated,mothers;daughters.emplace_back(11,TLorentzVector(px,py,pz,E));//foranelectrondaughters.emplace_back(-12,TLorentzVector(px,py,pz,E));//foranelectronantineutrinoassociated.emplace_back(1,TLorentzVector(px,py,pz,E));//foradownquarkassociated.emplace_back(0,TLorentzVector(px,py,pz,E));//foranunknownparticle,//whichmaybeaquarkoragluonAsthenalstep,passtheparticlecollectionstomela:Mela;mela-setInputEvent(&daughters,&associated,&mothers,false);ThelastargumenttellsMELAwhethertheeventisagenerator-levelevent(true)orareconstructedevent(false).Thisaectshowtheoutputprobabilitiesarenormalized. 22D.ProcessselectionOnceMELAhastheevent,youcancalculateasmanymatrixelementsasyouwant.EachmatrixelementiscalculatedforaparticularprocessandHiggsbosonhypothesisandusesthematrixelementsfromaparticulargenerator(eitherJHUGenorMCFM).ThesearesetusingthesetProcessfunction,withthehelpoftheenumsinTVar.hh.Forexample//ForaStandardModelHiggsbosoningluonfusionproductionmela-setProcess(TVar::HSMHiggs,TVar::JHUGen,TVar::ZZGG);//Forqq-ZZbackgroundmela-setProcess(TVar::bkgZZ,TVar::MCFM,TVar::ZZQQB);//ForVBFproductionofapseudoscalarHiggsbosonmela-setProcess(TVar::H0minus,TVar::JHUGen,TVar::JJVBF);Forfull exibility
23 inthecouplings,thetextttSelfDenepro
inthecouplings,thetextttSelfDeneprocessescanbeusedinsteadofthepre-cookedones.Inthatcasethecouplingsaresetmanually:mela-setProcess(TVar::SelfDefine_spin0,TVar::JHUGen,TVar::Had_ZH)mela-selfDHzzcoupl[0][gHIGGS_VV_1][0]=1;mela-selfDHzzcoupl[0][gHIGGS_VV_4][0]=1;mela-selfDHzzcoupl[0][gHIGGS_VV_4][1]=1;Inthenotationofthegenerator,thisisequivalenttoghz1=1,0ghz4=1,1,whichsetstheStandardModelcouplingto1andthepseudoscalarcouplingto1+i.E.CalculateOncetheevent,process,and(ifnecessary)couplingsareset,theprobabilitycanbecomputedusingoneofthesefunctions:floatresult;mela-computeP(result,useConstant);//fordecaymela-computeProdP(result,useConstant);//forproductionmela-computeProdDecP(result,useConstant);//forthecombinedmatrixelement,usingMCFMThesecondargumentaectsthenormalization,andshouldgenerallybesettotrueforreconstructedevents,falseforgeneratorlevelevents.Anyofthesefunctionsresettheprocessandcouplingstotheirdefaultvalues.Ifyouwanttocomputeanotherprobabilityforthesameevent,thereisnoneedtocallsetInputEventagain,butyoudohavetocallsetProcess,aswellassetthecouplingsiftheprocessisSelfDefine.F.CleanupThelaststepistocallmela-resetInputEvent()toavoidmemoryleaks.Thisisparticularlyimportantwhenprocessingmanyeventsinonejob.G.PythoninterfaceWealsoprovideapythoninterfaceforMELA,whichworksessentiallythesamewayastheC++interface.Formoreinformation,usethePythonhelpfunction:importmelahelp(mela)SincetextprocessingissimpleinPython,thePythonMELAinterfaceisespeciallyusefulforrunningquickjobsonLHEles. 23VII.JHUGENERATORCOUPLINGCONVERTER(JHUGENLEXICON)Inordertosimplifytranslationbetweendierentcouplingconventions,withintheJHUgeneratorframework,weprovidetheJHUGenLexiconprogram,whichincludesaninterfacetothegeneratorandmatrixelementlibraryandcanalsobeusedforstandaloneorotherapplications.Inthepresentversion,theprogramcantakeasinputeitherthenativecoecientsusedinJHUGen,ortheHiggsbasiscoecientsfortheHVVandHggcouplings.TheinputcanalsobeusedeitherwithorwithouttheSU(2)U(1)andcustodialsymmetry.ThereisalsotranslationbetweentheWarsawbasiscoecientsandeitheroftheabovetwosetsofcouplings,withthecustodialsymmetryintroduced.Theoutput,whichcanbeusedinthecommandlineoftheJHUgeneratororasinputtoMELA,providesallcoecientsappearingwithoutexpectationoftheabovesymmetry,asexpectedbythegeneratorandMELA.Theoutputcanalsoincludethetripleandquarticgaugebosoncouplingsusedino-shellEWprocesses.Variousoptionscanbecheckedwithint
24 heJHUGenLexiconprogram.Belowwelistexplic
heJHUGenLexiconprogram.Belowwelistexplicitexampleshowtheprogramcanbeusedfortranslating15HVVandHggcouplingsintheHiggsbasisintothecoecientsusedinthegeneratorcommandline.Theotherexampleincludestranslationof10HVVandHggcouplingsintheHiggsbasis,whicharethetenindependentcouplingsintheHiggsbasisundertheSU(2)U(1)andcustodialsymmetrycz;czz;cz2;~czz;cz ;~cz ;c ;~c ;cgg;and~cgg.Forfurtherdetails,see[15]../JHUGenLexiconinput_basis=hbasisoutput_basis=amp_jhudCz=1,0Czz=.5,0Czbx=0,1E-7tCzz=1.05,0dCw=2,0Cww=1,0Cwbx=0,2E-7tCww=1,1Cza=1,.5tCza=.5,1Cabx=0,0Caa=0,.5tCaa=.5,1Cgg=2.1,0tCgg=.5,.5./JHUGenLexiconinput_basis=eft_hbasisoutput_basis=amp_jhudCz=1,0Czz=.5,0Czbx=0,1E-7tCzz=1.05,0Cza=1,.5tCza=.5,1Cabx=0,0Caa=0,.5tCaa=.5,1Cgg=2.1,0ItispossibletosetthevalueofconstantsusedinthetranslationsinEq.(8)ofRef.[5].Parametersthatmanuallysetaregivenbelow.Tomodifytheseparameters,simplyaddparam=numtothecommandlinewhencallingJHUGenLexicon.Availableparameterstosetincludethefollowing:Lambda_z1(default=10000GeV)Lambda_w1(default=10000GeV)Lambda_zgs1(default=10000GeV)MZ(default=91.1876GeV)MW(default=80.399GeV)sin2ThetaW(default=0.23119)alpha(default=0.302862)vev_lam(default=.0024622)whereLambda z1,Lambda w1,Lambda zgs1correspondtoZZ1,WW1,Z 1seeninEq.(1)respectively,MZisthemassoftheZBoson,MWistheoftheWBoson,sin2ThetaWissin2(W),alphacorrespondstothenestructureconstantandvev lamisv2 2asinEq.(A1)of[5].Noticethatthereisnooptiontosetthestrongcoupling,s.Sincethisisarunningparameter,andJHUGeninternallyhandless,wemakesuretoremoveallfactorsofgsfromtranslationsofgluoncouplings.Relationsbetweengluoncouplingsaregivenbycgg=2 g2sggg2betweentheJHUGenamplitudebasisandhiggsbasisandcgg=v2 24 g2s!Gbetweenthehiggsandwarsawbasis.Usersshouldbecarefultoscalegluoncouplinginputsandoutputsaccordingly.O-shellJHUGenprocesses,suchasProcess68canutilizetripleandquarticgaugecouplings.InordertoreturnthesecouplingsusingJHUGenLexicon,usethecommandlineargumentinclude triple quartic gauge=true.Thisop-tioninitscurrentimplementation,isabletocalculatetripeandquarticgaugecouplingsintheboththeHiggsbasisandJHUGenconvention,usingtherelationsinEq.(14{20).WhenusingJHUGenLexiconalongsideJHUGen-MCFMprocesses,besuretoseteitheruseMCFMAtInput=trueoruseMCFMAtOutput=true.useMCFMAtInput=Trueas-sumesthatthegVVcouplingsaredividedby2.useMCFMAtOutput=TruedividesallofthegVVcouplingsby2asperMCFMconventions.Thefollowingexampledemonstrateshowtomodifyconstantsusedinthecouplingtranslation,aswellasthecouplingsthatareoutputbyJHUGenLexico
25 n.Inthiscaseweincludetranslationfrom10in
n.Inthiscaseweincludetranslationfrom10independentHVVandHggcouplingsintheHiggsbasistothenativecoecientsusedinJHUGen.Wereturnallcouplings,includingtripleandquarticgaugecouplings,withLambda w1,Lambda z1andLambda zgs1setto100GeV../JHUGenLexiconinput_basis=eft_hbasisoutput_basis=amp_jhudCz=1,0Czz=.5,0Czbx=0,1E-7tCzz=1.05,0Cza=1,.5tCza=.5,1Cabx=0,0Caa=0,.5tCaa=.5,1Cgg=2.1,0neutral_current=falseLambda_z1=100Lambda_w1=100Lambda_zgs1=100 24VIII.RELEASENOTESIngoingfromv7.3.0tov7.4.0(July4,2020),theupdatesareasfollows:Addedcommandlinesettingoftripleandquarticgaugebosoncouplingsino-shellEWprocesses66-68.Improvementsonthephasespaceoptimizationforo-shellprocesses.ExtensionofDecayModeoptions,nalstatelters,andimplementationofthenalstateltersintheo-shellprocesses.Filteroptionsarealsorenamedasaresultoftheextensionoffunctionality.Enlargeallowedinvariantmassrangesintheqq! Handqq!Z= Hprocesses.CompletionoftheimplementationofcouplingswithV0inallsignal-onlyJHUGenprocessesatleading-orderinQCD,whererelevant,anddecaylifetimeforV0V0nalstatesinReadLHEmode.IntroducedJHUGenLexiconprogramforconvertingcouplingconvention,withthetranslationavailablebetweentheJHUgenerator/MELAconvention,Higgsbasis,andWarsawbasis.Ingoingfromv7.2.7tov7.3.0(April28,2019),theupdateisasfollows:Fasteroptionforgeneratinginterferencein4`nalstatesino-shellEWproduction,164jobsperstep.Ingoingfromv7.2.4tov7.2.7(January31,2019),theupdatesareasfollows:gg!ZHwithanomalouscouplingsusingProcess51,usingthesamesyntaxasforotherprocesses.Fasteroptionforgeneratinginterferencein4`nalstatesino-shellEWproduction.AdditionaloptionsfortherenormalizationandfactorizationscalesinJHUGenandMELA.Ingoingfromv7.1.4tov7.2.4(November15,2018),theupdatesareasfollows:Processes66(signal),67(background),and68(signal+background+interference)areaddedtogenerateo-shellEWevents,includinghadronicVH,thecontinuumbackground,anduptotwoscalarresonances.ThematrixelementsareprovidedthroughaninterfacetoMCFM,modiedtoincludeHVVandXVVanomalouscouplings.Process51isaddedwithanewproceduretogenerategg!ZHevents.(qq!VHandee!ZHarealsosupportedbutcurrentlyinbeta.WerecommendusingProcess50insteadforthem.)Ingoingfromv7.1.2tov7.1.4(March23,2018),theupdatesareasfollows:ReusingthepreviousgridviatheReadCSmaxcommandlineoptionisimproved.Ingoingfromv7.0.2tov7.1.2(February22,2018),theupdatesareasfollows:MELApackageinterfaceiscompletelyrewrittenandstreamlined,includingnewprocessesimpl
26 ementedAddtheoptionforanintermediat
ementedAddtheoptionforanintermediateZ0orW0inspin0andspin2resonancedecayandinVBFandVHproduction.V0canhaveniteorinnitemass;inthesecondcase,theghzzp1couplingisequivalenttothecontacttermsformulation[13]Fixintheinit;blockwhenreadinganLHEleandreweightingthemassshapeIngoingfromv7.0.0tov7.0.2(October4,2016),theupdatesareasfollows:ImprovementsinWH,VBF,H+JJ,ttH,bbH,andt+Hproduction.Newprocess114,whichcombinesallt+Hchannelstogether.Ingoingfromv6.9.8tov7.0.0(July29,2016),theupdatesareasfollows:FurtherimprovementsinphasespacesamplingintheReadLHEmode.ImprovementsinVBFandVHproductionIngoingfromv6.9.5tov6.9.8(April11,2016),theupdatesareasfollows: 25PhasespacesamplingintheReadLHEmodeisimproved.StandaloneXVVproductionwithVdecaytoanynalstateisimproved.Ingoingfromv6.8.4tov6.9.5(March23,2016),theupdatesareasfollows:X!Z forspin-2process2isimplemented.Secondresonance,includinginterferencewithH(125)andgg!ZZbackground,addedinthegg!ZZMCFMprocessunderJHUGenMELA.Improvementsareaddedtothecrosssectionandphasespaceinstandaloneproductionsforprocesses0-2.InReadLHEmode,themassshapecanbereweighted:{tochangefromonepropagatorschemetoanother,and/or{toaccountforPdec(m4f)Additionalcommandlineparametershavebeenadded:{Resonancewidth{AnomalousXVVandXffcouplings{Jetcuts{RandomseedThecommandlineoptionOffXVV(000-111)isreplacedwiththeoptionOffshellX(1/0,1asdefault).Ingoingfromv6.7.8tov6.8.4(January7,2016),theupdatesareasfollows:AddedrunningrenormalizationscaleandgeneralizedtherunningscalesAddedmoreoptionsfortheHiggsmassshapeImprovedLHEreadingandwritingIngoingfromv6.2.8tov6.7.8(December21,2015),theupdatesareasfollows:Addedrunningfactorizationscale(F=mH=2)inspin-0,1,2decaysEnabledidentical4and4qnalstateinterferenceinZZdecayFasterVBFandHjjeventgenerationwithdeterministicjet avorassignmentVHcodeclean-upUpdateoftheCKMmatrixandofhadronicWdecayNewprocesses110-113fort=t+HproductionMore exibleleptonlterIngoingfromv5.6.3tov6.2.8(September17,2015),theupdatesareasfollows:FlexibleLHEreadingprocessforcompatibilitywithmoregeneratorsSmallbugxesIngoingfromv5.2.5tov5.6.3(June8,2015),theupdatesareasfollows:AddProcess=90forbbHproductionAddleptonlteringoptionAllowWfromttHtodecaytoanydecaymodeAllowWtodecaytoo-diagonalelementsoftheCKMmatrix 26AddsupportforLHAPDFlinkingFixesforLHEprintoutinVBF,Hjj,andVHIngoingfromv4.8.1tov5.2.5(March17,2015),theupdatesareas
27 follows:AddProcess=80forttHproducti
follows:AddProcess=80forttHproduction,withoptionaltopdecaysAddsupportforNNPDFMakeDecayMode16=DecayMode2equivalenttogeneratingeverythingandthenlteringAddoptionforrandomizingtheV'sinHVVdecaysFixesforsmootherreadingofLHEles:motherassignmentandinvariantmassforallintermediateparticlesAddConvertLHEoptionforconvertingVHdecaytoanyDecayModeInReadLHEandConvertLHE,preservecommentsandoptionaltagsfromtheinputLHEIngoingfromv4.5.2tov4.8.1(October31,2014),theupdatesareasfollows:More exibilityforq2-dependentformfactorsSeparatecouplingsforZZHandWWHinweakbosonfusionAddnewprocess:pp!H+jet(Process=62)ExtendedLHEoutputformattoallowformoredigitsMCFMplug-inforanomalouscouplingsinoshellHiggsbosonproductioningg-ZZSynchronizeJHUGenMELAwithMCFMlibraryv6.8JHUGenMELA:extendedMCFMggHZZmatrixelementsbyanomalouscouplingsJHUGenMELA:addmatrixelementsforH+jetandV+HIngoingfromv4.3.2tov4.5.2(February16,2014),theupdatesareasfollows:AddanoptionofintermediatephotonsforthemodeswithZ-bosonsMore exibilityforq2-dependentformfactorsOptionofhadronicbranchingrescaling(NLOQCDcorrections)forinclusivedecaysSynchronizeJHUGenMELAwiththegeneratorandwithMCFMlibraryv6.7Ingoingfromv4.2.1tov4.3.2(December12,2013),theupdatesareasfollows:UpdateLHEleformatandindexofpartonsImprovelogprintoutUpdateReadLHEmode:H!Z outputandmore exibleinputVHproduction(replacesbetaversion)More exibilityforq2-dependentformfactorsTuneq2-dependenceofcouplingsforsomeofthespin-2hmodelsSynchronizeJHUGenMELAwiththegeneratorIngoingfromv4.0.xtov4.2.x(November2,2013),theupdatesareasfollows:ToJHUGenerator:FixBRin"all"decaymodeUpdatestoLHEoutput 27OptiontoprintoutCS max,outputforg'andLambdasIntroductionofAnalyticMELAforee!ZHandpp!ZHandanalyticpartondistributionfunctionsIngoingfromv3.1.xtov4.0.x(October7,2013),theupdatesareasfollows:ToJHUGenerator:AdditionofVBFandHjjprocesschannelsPossibilitytoreadinVBFLHEeventlesToJHUGenMELA:InterfacewiththeMCFMprogramforggZZprocessMatrixelementsforVBFandHjjprocessesIngoingfromv2.2.6tov3.1.8(June18,2013),theupdatesareasfollows:ToJHUGenerator:CapabilityreadingLHEleswithHiggsbosonproduction,allowsNLOproductionofspin-0;Extendedthelistofnalstatecombinations;Logmessages,lheleheaders,andminorcleanup.Updatestodealwithnon-zeroleptonmasses,lheleformat,andadjustdefaultsettings(e.g.leptoninterferenceappliedbydefaultandcanbeconguredincom
28 mandline)ToJHUGenMELA:Production-in
mandline)ToJHUGenMELA:Production-independentJHUGenMELAforspin-0,1,2;ComplexcouplingsinJHUGenMELAinput.Ingoingfromv2.2.3tov2.2.6(December22,2012),theupdatesareasfollows:Asmallxwhichcorrectstherelativefractionbetweenthe2e2and4e/4channelswhenusinginterferencebetaversionisstillunderdevelopmentqq!spin-2productionismoresafelyperformedwithsettingsPChannel=2andqqfraction=1.Ingoingfromv2.1.3tov2.2.3(October30,2012),theupdatesareasfollows:FixinterferenceandrandomizationinthebetaversionAddtheJHUGenMELAmodulesSmallchangeforcompilationonMacOSXplatformsFixfortaumassesinWdecaysIngoingfromv2.0.2tov2.1.x,(August20,2012)theupdatesareasfollows:Histogramsarewritteninle(default:./data/output.dat)andnolongeronthescreen.Howtounderstandthehistogramdataandhowtoplotisbrie ydescribedintheoutput.datle.AddedtaumassesAddedleptoninterferenceintheZZ4lnalstateAddedswitchgenerate_astochoosecouplingsinspin-0case(worksforon-andoshellresonance).Thedefaultis".false.".Addedthepossibilitytochangegraviton-quarkcouplings.Thenewparametersaregraviton_qq_left,graviton_qq_rightandcorrespondto0:5(1 5)and0:5(1+ 5)helicityprojectors,respectively.Uptonowthecouplingwasalwaysvector-like.Thisisalsothenewdefault,graviton_qq_left=graviton_qq_right=1.Therandomseedisnowxedwithgfortran.Thecall"./JHUGenhelp"printsoutallavailablecommandlineoptionsAddednewcommandlineoption"Unweighted=0or1"(defaultis1) 28AppendixA:SpeciccongurationsWedenecongurationsforcertainmodelswhicharedenedinTable1of[2].1.Spin0Allcouplingsnotspeciedare0bydefaultexceptfortheSMcouplingsghz1andghg2,whichmustbesetto0explicitlyifthatisdesired.Forprotection,ifanyanomalouscouplingsinthesamecategoryareset,thosecouplingsmustbeexplicitlyseteitherto0,0ortosomeothervalue.a."SM-likespin-zero",0+ghz1=1,0b."Higherorderspin-zero",0+hghz1=0,0ghz2=1,0c."Pseudoscalarspin-zero",0ghz1=0,0ghz4=1,0ghg2=0,0ghg4=1,02.Spin1TheZ0VVcouplingszprime_zz_1andzprime_zz_2areboth0bydefault;atleastoneofthemmustbeexplicitlyturnedon.TheZ0qqcouplingszprime_qq_leftandzprime_qq_rightarebothsetto1bydefault;ifoneischanged,thenbothmustbeexplicitlyset.a."Vectorspin-one",1zprime_qq_left=1,0zprime_qq_right=0,0zprime_zz_1=1,0b."Pseudovectorspin-one",1+zprime_qq_left=1,0zprime_qq_right=0,0zprime_zz_2=1,03.Spin2TheGggandGVVcouplingsa1-5andb1-10aresetto0bydefault;atleastoneineachcategorymustbeexplicitlyturnedon.TheGqqcouplingsgraviton_qq_leftandgraviton_qq_r
29 ightarebothsetto1bydefault;ifoneischange
ightarebothsetto1bydefault;ifoneischanged,thenbothmustbeexplicitlyset.Ifanexclusiveproductionmodeisdesired(e.g.qqorgg),thisishandledatcommand-linecongurationlevelviathePChannelvariable.a."MinimalGraviton,spin-two",2+a1=1,0b1=1,0b5=1,0 29b."HigherorderGraviton,spin-two",2+ha4=1,0b4=1,0c."HigherorderGraviton,spin-two",2ha5=1,0b8=1,0 [1]Y.Y.Gao,A.V.Gritsan,Z.J.Guo,K.Melnikov,M.SchulzeandN.V.Tran,\Spin-DeterminationofSingle-ProducedResonancesatHadronColliders".Phys.Rev.D81,075022(2010).arXiv:1001.3396[hep-ph].[2]S.Bolognesi,Y.Y.Gao,A.V.Gritsan,K.Melnikov,M.Schulze,N.V.TranandA.Whitbeck,\OntheSpinandParityofSingle-ProducedResonanceattheLHC".Phys.Rev.D86,095031(2012).arXiv:1208.4018[hep-ph].[3]I.Anderson,S.Bolognesi,F.Caola,Y.Y.Gao,A.V.Gritsan,C.B.Martin,K.Melnikov,M.Schulze,N.V.Tran,A.Whitbeck,Y.Zhou,\ConstraininganomalousHVVinteractionsatprotonandleptoncolliders".Phys.Rev.D89,035007(2014).arXiv:1309.4819[hep-ph].[4]A.V.Gritsan,R.Rontsch,M.Schulze,M.Xiao,\ConstraininganomalousHiggsbosoncouplingstotheheavy avorfermionsusingmatrixelementtechniques".Phys.Rev.D94(2016)055023.arXiv:1606.03107[hep-ph].[5]A.V.Gritsan,J.Roskes,U.Sarica,M.Schulze,M.XiaoandY.Zhou,\NewfeaturesintheJHUgeneratorframework:constrainingHiggsbosonpropertiesfromon-shellando-shellproduction,"arXiv:2002.09888[hep-ph].[6]Seewebpage:http://spin.pha.jhu.edu[7]S.Chatrchyanetal.[CMSCollaboration],\Observationofanewbosonatamassof125GeVwiththeCMSexperimentattheLHC,"Phys.Lett.B716,30(2012)[arXiv:1207.7235[hep-ex]].[8]J.M.CampbellandR.K.Ellis,\MCFMfortheTevatronandtheLHC,"Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.205-206,10(2010)[arXiv:1007.3492[hep-ph]].Seealsohttp://mcfm.fnal.gov[9]\HandbookofLHCHiggsCrossSections:4.DecipheringtheNatureoftheHiggsSector,"CERNYellowReport10.23731/CYRM-2017-002.[arXiv:1610.07922[hep-ph]].[10]A.Falkowski,\HiggsBasis:ProposalforanEFTbasischoiceforLHCHXSWG",TechnicalReportLHCHXSWG-INT-2015-001,2015.https://cds.cern.ch/record/2001958.[11]S.Goria,G.PassarinoandD.Rosco,\TheHiggs-bosonlineshape,"Nucl.Phys.B864(2012)[arXiv:1112.5517[hep-ph]].[12]G.Passarino,C.SturmandS.Uccirati,\Higgspseudo-observables,secondriemannsheetandallthat,"Nucl.Phys.B834(2010)[arXiv:1001.3360[hep-ph]].[13]M.Gonzalez-Alonso,A.Greljo,G.Isidori,andD.Marzocca,\Pseudo-observablesinHiggsdecays,"Eur.Phys.J.C75(2015)128,doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3345-5,arXiv:1412.6038[hep-ph].[14]Seewebpage:https://root.cern.ch[15]A.Falkowskietal.,\Rosetta:anoperatorbasistranslatorforStandardModeleectiveeldtheory",Eur.Phys.J.C75(2015)583,doi10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3806-x,ar