the building blocks of sentences Clauses Clauses are subjects and predicates working together A sentence can have as few as one clause or it may have many clauses Clauses are to sentences what rooms are to houses ID: 531492
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Slide1
Clauses and Phrases
the building blocks of sentencesSlide2
Clauses
Clauses are subjects and predicates working together. A sentence can have as few as one clause, or it may have many clauses.
Clauses are to sentences what rooms are to houses.
A sentence may have only one clause like a studio may have only one room, or a sentence may have many clauses like a house may have many rooms.
Clauses are the building blocks of longer sentences.
Slide3
Examples of Clauses
I
took
the dog to the park.
The example has one subject,
I
, and one predicate,
took
. Since they are working together to form a good sentence, this sentence has one clause.
I
love
learning, so
I
spend
a lot of time reading.
This example has two predicates:
love
and
spend
. Since they are each working together with separate subjects, this sentence has two clauses. Notice the comma separating the clauses.Slide4
Independent
Clauses
An
independent clause
is a clause that expresses a complete thought and
can stand alone.Slide5
Dependent
Clauses
A
dependent
, or subordinate, clause is a clause that does not express a complete thought and
cannot stand alone
. It just gives extra information.Slide6
Common
Dependent Words
(Subordinating Conjunctions) Slide7
Is It an
Independent Clause
or a
Dependent Clause
?
Curt called his father who was still at work.
Curt called his father
is an
independent clause
. It would be a complete sentence without anything else added to it.
The clause
who was still at work
is a
dependent clause
. It is not a complete thought and is not a complete sentence.
Do you see the subordinating conjunction in the
dependent clause
?Slide8
Is It an
Independent Clause (I)
or a
Dependent Clause (D)
?
1. The teacher
who lives next door to Rob
is Mrs. Johnson.
2. Because the storm knocked out the power,
school will be canceled on Thursday.
3. This is the homework assignment
that you missed last week.
4. Victoria heard
what her sister said
, but she ignored it.Slide9
Find the dependent clause
.
5. The movie was good although it was too long.
6. Our dog will run away if the gate is left open.
7. The moon shone on the ocean while the whales rose to the surface.
8. At the end of his class, Jim walked to his locker where the coach was waiting.Slide10
Subject and Predicate
Now go back to the two previous slides and look at the
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
.
That is where you will find the simple subject and simple predicate.
Underline
each simple subject.
Circle each simple predicate.Slide11
ANSWERS:
1.
The
teacher
who lives next door to Rob
is Mrs. Johnson.
2.
Because the storm knocked out the power
,
school
will be canceled on Thursday.
3.
This
is the homework assignment
that you missed last week.
4
.
Victoria
heard what her sister said
,
but she ignored it.
Green = dependent clauses
. Red = independent clauses.Slide12
ANSWERS:
5. The
movie
was good
although it was too long.
6. Our
dog
will run away
if the gate is left open
.
7. The
moon
shone on the ocean
while the whales rose to the surface.
8.
At the end of his class
,
Jim
walked to his locker where the coach was waiting.Slide13
Phrases
A
phrase
is a group of words related to the subject, predicate, or object.
Phrases
give additional information
about the subject, predicate, or object in the sentence, but they
do not have a subject
.
Phrases do not contain a subject and a predicate, or we would call them
clauses
. Slide14
Phrases
You might find nouns (dog, fence, test, tornado, thousands, pieces).
There may be some verbs (leaving, smashing).
But in no case is the noun or verb a
subject or a predicate.
leaving behind the dog
smashing into a fence
before the first test
after the tornado
broken into thousands of pieces
because of her glittering smileSlide15
Phrases
Using the phrases from the above slide, turn to a partner and make them into interesting sentences.Slide16
Phrases
After working late into the night
, Jack fell asleep on his desk.
The bolded phrase provides additional information about our subject,
Jack
, but
can not stand alone
and
does not have its own subject.
I
left my keys inside of the Whole Foods,
my favorite grocery store
.
The predicate is
left
and the subject is
I
. On the other side of the sentence we have a phrase that provides additional information about the
object
of the sentence
Whole Foods. Note that a phrase can come at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.Slide17
On your note sheet, mark:
P
if it is a phrase
D
if it is a dependent clause
I
if it is an independent clause.
1.Over my head
2. Because I was afraid
3. I didn’t get very much sleep
4. That night
5. I knew what happened
Now you finish the next five.
6. So that I could get some rest
7. I heard the cat’s meow
8. Sitting by the broken plate licking the crumbs
9. When I finally got up
10. I got so tiredSlide18
On your note sheet, mark:
P
if it is a phrase
D
if it is a dependent clause
I
if it is an independent clause.
11. Even though I counted sheep
12. Ear plugs would be a good investment
13. I never realized how losing sleep affected me
14. The next day
15. When I got to work
16. I forgot to lock the door of my car
17. Walking into the parking garage
18. Did you ever get a strange feeling that someone was around you
19. On the back of my neck
20. All because I hadn’t had enough sleepSlide19
ANSWERS:
Phrase,
dependent clause,
independent clause
1.Over my head
2. Because I was afraid
3. I didn’t get very much sleep
4. That night
5. I knew what happened
6. So that I could get some rest
7. I heard the cat’s meow
8. Sitting by the broken plate licking the crumbs
9. When I finally got up
10. I got so tired
11. Even though I counted sheep
12. Ear plugs would be a good investment
13. I never realized how losing sleep affected me
14. The next day
15. When I got to work
16. I forgot to lock the door of my car
17. Walking into the parking garage
18. Did you ever get a strange feeling that someone was around you
19. On the back of my neck
20. All because I hadn’t had enough sleep