A communitywide effort to quantify tropospheric ozone in a rapidly changing world Owen Cooper CIRES U of ColoradoNOAA Earth System Research Lab Boulder owenrcoopernoaagov TEMPO Science Team Meeting HarvardSmithsonian Center for Astrophysics ID: 637386
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The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: A community-wide effort to quantify tropospheric ozone in a rapidly changing worldOwen CooperCIRES, U. of Colorado/NOAA Earth System Research Lab., Boulderowen.r.cooper@noaa.govTEMPO Science Team Meeting, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridge, Massachusetts, May 31, 2017Slide2
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR)Global metrics for climate change, human health and crop/ecosystem researchMission:To provide the research community with an up-to-date scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone’s global distribution and trends from the surface to the tropopause. Deliverables:1)
The first tropospheric ozone assessment report based on all available surface ozone observations, the peer-reviewed literature and new analyses.2) A database containing ozone exposure and dose metrics at thousands
of measurement sites around the world, freely accessible for research on the global-scale impact of ozone on climate, human health and crop/ecosystem productivity.
http://www.igacproject.org/activities/TOAR
Stakeholders:
Slide3
TOAR members: 220+
scientists from
36
nations, representing research on all 7 continentsSlide4
TOAR OrganizationTOAR is a science effort initiated by IGAC, and developed by an international team of experts. TOAR receives financial and logistical support from: IGACForschungszentrum JülichThe World Meteorological OrganizationUS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)Coordinated by an eleven-member Steering Committee, with appointments lasting the duration of the activity, 2014-2017 (no rotation).Slide5
TOAR work-flow diagramThe assessment report will be published as a series of 8 stand-alone peer-reviewed papers- Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene – Special Feature- entirely open-access Slide6
TOAR Ozone MetricsThe TOAR database contains various ozone metrics at thousands of surface sites around the world. Some key metrics are:Human Health: - Maximum daily 8-hour average - annual number of 8-hour exceedances above 70 ppbVegetation: - Cumulative Exposure Index: W126 - Cumulative Exposure Index: AOT40
Climate Change: - Monthly means, medians and various percentiles
- Monthly and seasonal mean vertical profiles: ozonesondes
, lidar, MOZAIC/IAGOS commercial aircraft
- tropospheric ozone burden or columns OMI/MLS, OMI, GOME, IASI, ground-based FTIR instrumentsSlide7
TOAR is made possible by many colleagues who contributed ozone observations to the TOAR database.Regional Working Group Leaders: Hiroshi Tanimotod, Yasin Elshorbanye, Irina Petropavlovskikhf, Rodrigo Seguelg, Ian Galballyh, Erika von Schneidemesseri,
Database curators and/or network PIs: Nick Mangusj, Peter Christian
Kjeldk, NN (CAPMon)
l, Gary Learm,
Keiicho Saton
, Paul Eckhardt
o, Markus Fiebig
o
, Anne-Gunn
Hjellbrekke
o
, Hiroshi
Koide
p
,
Mikio
Ueno
p
, David
Tarasick
(NAPS)
q
, Ute
Dauert
r
, Stefan
Feigenspahn
r
, Markus
Wallaschr,
You-Deog HongsContributors
of major dataset collections: Meehye Lee
t, Robert Gilletth, Suzie Molloy
h, Levana Kordova-Biezuneru, Raeesa
Moollav, Yvonne Scorgiew, David Wainwright
x, Arthur Griecoy, Kelvyn
Steerz, David Power+a, Carolyn
Jordan+b, Mary Naderi+c, Maria Helena R. B. Martins
+d, Paulo Artaxo+e, Lin Weili
+f, Ma Zhiqiang+f, Xu Xiaobin+f
, Darrel Baumgardner+g, Ulas Im
+h, Ming-Tung Chuang+i, Tao Wang
+jContributors of individual datasets
: Dr Paul Torre1, Hadar Almog
2, Jose Adame3, M. Navarro-Comas3, Margarita Yela3
, Luciana Rizzo4, Stephen R. Springston5, David Parrish
f, Likun Xue+j,
Aijun Ding6, Valerie Gros7, Gerard Ancellet8
, Francois Gheusi9, Manish Naja10, Vinayak Sinha
11, Shyam Lal12, Pallavi
Saxena13, Harish Gadhavi14, Ninong
Komala15, Eka Suharguniyawan16,
Samera Hamad17, Shanju Xie18
, Detlev Helmig19, Jacques Hueber19, Claudio Mazzoleni19
, Lynn Mazzoleni
19
, Irina Senik
20
,
Alexej
I.Skorokhod
20
, Jim Schwab
21
, Audra McClure-Begley
22
, Dan Jaffe23GAW instrument PIs: Ivo E. Kalapov24, Dagmar Kubistin25, Brigitte Buchmann26, Martin Steinbacher26, Paolo Bonasoni27, Rolf Weller28, Haeyoung Lee29, Maria E. Barlasina30, Limseok Chang31, Seung-Yeon Kim31, Andrea Lanza32, Diamantino Henriques33, Florin Nicodim34, Gerard Spain35, Hamza Mohamed Hamza36, Hans Berkhout37, J.M. Saenz38, Mike Shaw39, Thomas Trickl40, Marina Frolova41, Marijana Murovec42, Marina Fröhlich43, Maznorizan Mohamad44, Anna Degorska45, Irina Brouskina46, Sylvia Nichol47, Ove Hermansen48, Peter Kuria49, Tuomas Laurila50
d National
Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
e
NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
f
NOAA
Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, USA
g
Air
Quality Unit, National
Center
for the Environment, Santiago, Chile
h
CSIRO
, Oceans and Atmosphere,
Aspendale
, Australia
i
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
j
Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) -
OAQPS,
U.S.
EPA
k
European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark
l
NN -
CAPMon
m
Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) -
OAQPS, U.S. EPA
n
Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Niigata City, Japan
o
Norwegian
Institute for Air Research (NILU),
Kjeller
, Norway
p
Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan
q
Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada
r
Umweltbundesamt, Dessau, Germany
s
Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of
Env
.
Research, Incheon,
South
Korea
t
Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea University,
Sungbuk-gu
, Seoul, South Korea
u
Ministry
of Environmental Protection, Jerusalem, Israel
v
University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
w
Office
of Environment and Heritage, NSW, Australia
x
Department
of Science Information Technology and Innovation,
Australia
y
Department
of Environment Regulation, WA, Australia
z
South
Australia Environment Protection Authority, SA, Australia
+a
Environment
Protection Authority, ACT, Australia
+b
University
of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
+c
Air
Quality Control Company, Tehran, Iran
+d
Companhia
de
Tecnologia
de
Saneamento
Ambiental
do Estado de Sao Paulo,
Brazil
+e
Laboratorio
de
Fisica
Atmosferica
da
Universidade
de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
+f
Inst.
of
Atmos. Composition
, Chinese Academy of
Met.
Sciences, China
Met. Admin., Beijing
+g
Red
Automática
de
Monitoreo
Atmosférico
, Mexico City, Mexico
+h
Istanbul
Technical University, Department of Meteorology, Istanbul, Turkey
+
i
Taiwan
Environmental Protection Agency, Taipei City, Taiwan
+j
Shandong
University, Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Slide8
TOAR is made possible by many colleagues who contributed ozone observations to the TOAR database.1 Environment Protection Authority, Victoria, Australia2 Israel Electric Corporation, ***, Israel3 Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain4 Laboratorio de Clima e Poluição do Ar da
U. Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil5 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility – D.
of Energy6 Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University,
China
7, 8, 9 Laboratoire d’Aérologie
, National Centre for Scientific Research, Toulouse
10 Aryabhatta
Research Institute of Observational Sciences,
Nainital
, India
11
Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, India
12
Physical Res. Lab.
and
Aryabhhata
Res. Inst.
of Observational
Sciences,
India
13
Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi, India
14
National
Atmospheric Research Laboratory,
Gadanki
15
National Institute of Aeronautics and SpaceThe
Indonesian Agency for Meteorological Climatological and Geophysics,17 School of Public Health, University of Maryland-College Park
18 Auckland Council, Auckland, New Zealand19 Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of
Colorado/Michigan Tech.20 A.M.Oboukhov Inst. of
Atmos. Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia21 Atmospheric
Science Research Center, University of Albany, USA
22 Global Monitoring Division, NOAA ESRL, Boulder, USA
23 University of Washington, Seattle, USA
24 Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgaria25
Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg, German Meteorological Service26 Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research,
Dübendorf27 National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,
Italy28 Alfred Wegener Institute and Deutscher Wetterdienst, Bremerhaven, Germany29
Korea Meteorology Administration, Seoul, Korea30
National Weather Service, Argentina31
Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Env. Research, South
Korea32 Ricerca sul Sistema
Energetico, Italy33 Instituto
de Meteorologia, Portugal34
National Meteorological Administration, Romania35 National
University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland36 Egyptian Meteorological Authority, Cairo, Egypt
37 National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands
38 Meteorological State Agency of Spain, Madrid, Spain39 Environment Canada, Met.
Service of Canada, Air Quality Research Branch40 Institute
of Met. and Climate Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany41 Environment
Geology and Meteorology
Centre,
Latvia
42
Slovenian
Environment Agency,
Sloveina
43
Federal
Environment Agency
,
Austria
44 Malaysian Meteorological Department, Malaysia45 Institute of Environmental Protection, Poland46 Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Russia47 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., New Zealand48 Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway49 Eskdalemuir50 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandSlide9
TOAR DatabaseTOAR has built the world’s largest database of ozone metrics.Ozone observations from over 9000 monitoring sites in dozens of countriesSlide10
Jülich Open Web Interface (JOIN) For accessing, analyzing and visualizing atmospheric composition data Developed by Institute for Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich: Martin SchultzSnehal WaychalSabine SchröderOlga LyapinaMichael DeckerSlide11Slide12
TOAR database analysis:Present-day: average conditions over 2010-2014, approximately 4800 sites world wideTrends: focusing on the 15-year period of 2000-2014, approximately 2600 sites world wideSubsets of sites were designated as urban or rural using an objective classification algorithm based on:NOAA nighttime lights of the world, 1 km resolutionColumbia U. CIESIN global population, 5 km resolutionOMI tropospheric column NO2, provided by Environment Canada, 10 km resolutionThe following slides display average ozone observations from the database for the present day period (2010-2014) as well as linear trends for the period 2000-2014. The analysis focuses on the summertime period of April-September in the Northern Hemisphere and October-March in the Southern Hemisphere. Slide13Slide14Slide15
A vector indicates the linear trend at a station for the period 2000-2014.Warm colors indicate increasing ozone while cool colors indicate decreasing ozone.The legend shows the p-Values on the linear trends associated with each vector, as indicated by the shading.Statistically significant trends at the 95% confidence interval are shown on top in dark red and dark blue.Medium orange and blue provide an indication of a trend.Light orange and blue provide a weak indication of change.Green indicates weak or no change.Slide16
TOAR-ClimateTropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global chemistry model evaluationA. Gaudel, O. R. Cooper, G. Ancellet, B. Barret, C. Clerbaux, P.-F. Coheur, J. Cuesta, E. Cuevas, S. Doniki, G. Dufour, F. Ebojie, G. Foret, M. J. Granados Muñoz, B. Hassler, G. Huang, D. Hurtmans, D. Jaffe, P. Kalabokas, S. Kulawik, B. Latter, T. Leblanc, E. Le Flochmoën
, W. Lin, J. Liu, X. Liu, A. McClure-Begley, J. Neu, M. Osman, H. Petetin, I. Petropavlovskikh, N. Rahpoe
, A. Rozanov, M. Schultz, J. Schwab, M. Steinbacher, H.
Tanimoto, D. Tarasick, V.
Thouret, A. Thompson, T. Trickl, C.
Wespes, H. Worden, C.
Vigouroux, X. Xu, J. Ziemke
Slide17
TOAR-ClimateTropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global chemistry model evaluationA. Gaudel and O. R. Cooper, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder / NOAA ESRLB. Barret and E. Le Flochmoën, CNRS and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, FranceC. Clerbaux, LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 Sorbonne Universités,
CNRS, Paris, FranceG. Huang and X. Liu
, Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USAB. Latter,
B. Kerridge
and R. Siddans,
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,
Oxfordshire, UK
J
. Liu
, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Canada
J
.
Neu
, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
N.
Rahpoe
and
A.
Rozanov
, University of Bremen, Germany
D
.
Tarasick
, Experimental Studies Research Division, MSC/Environment Canada,
Downsview
C.
Wespes
,
P.-F.
Coheur
and D.
Hurtmans, Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
H. Worden, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
J. Ziemke, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland
/ NASA GoddardSlide18
Previously, tropospheric column ozone satellite products had been limited to TOR and OMI/MLSOMI/MLS tropospheric column ozoneJuly-August, 2012-2016TOR tropospheric column ozoneJune-July-August, 1979-1983(data courtesy of Jack Fishman, St. Louis University)Slide19
First multi-instrument comparison of tropospheric column ozoneSlide20Slide21Slide22Slide23
2320 years of free tropospheric ozone observations above western North America during April-May (O. Cooper, U. of Colorado/NOAA, Boulder)19-yr change in O3: +5.9 +/- 4.0 (10 %)Lin et al. (2015), Revisiting
the evidence of increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America, Geophys. Res
. Lett., 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL06531195%
67%50%
33%5 %Slide24Slide25Slide26Slide27
Next steps:Finish the papers and submit them to Elementa by August 2017Release the database of ozone metrics to the general public in mid-2017Encourage human health, ecosystem and climate researchers to utilize the database for their impact studies.Late 2018, pending IGAC Scientific Steering Committee approval, begin development of TOAR-II