Located in Israel Sacred to three major religions Judaic Christian and Islam Cause of hostilities between Jewish and Muslim people Jewish ties to Jerusalem Dome of the Rock Believe it is the site where Abraham almost sacrificed his son Isaac ID: 750755
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Eastern MediterraneanSlide2
Jerusalem
Located in Israel
Sacred to three major
religions; Judaic, Christian and IslamCause of hostilities between Jewish and Muslim peopleSlide3Slide4
Jewish ties to Jerusalem
Dome of the Rock – Believe it is the site where Abraham almost sacrificed his son, Isaac
Temple Mount was once home to both the first and second Temples (second was constructed in 538 BC after their return and destroyed in 70 AD by the Romans)
Western (Wailing) Wall is all that is left of the second temple – if possible Jewish people should make a pilgrimage at least once a year)
Absolute Location: 31°N 35°EPeople leave little pieces of paper with prayers and petitions rolled up and inserted in the broken mortar between the bricks of the wall. Slide5Slide6
Christian ties to Jerusalem
Place where Jesus suffered and was crucified
Visit Mount of Olives and Church of the Holy Sepulcher (believed to be the site where Jesus died)
Crusades (7) were to regain the city from the MuslimsJerusalem was reclaimed by the Muslims and remained in their control until 1948Slide7
Islam ties to Jerusalem
Third most holy city behind Mecca and Medina
Temple Mount
Dome of the Rock – Muslim believe this is where Muhammad rose into heavenAl Aqsa (mosque) is located next to the Western Wall
Site of clashes because Jewish and Muslim sites are togetherControlled for many years until Israel was created in 1948Slide8
Dome of the Rock
Muslim
Holy Sepulcher
Christian
Western Wall - Judaism
Jerusalem
Al Aqsa - MuslimSlide9
Brief history of the Eastern Mediterranean
Ottoman Empire ruled from 1520 – 1922 AD
Allies of Germany in World War I and fell apart after that war
After the war it was divided between England and France
France – Northern area (Lebanon & Syria)England – Southern - Jordan and Palestine They were to rule until the area was ready for independenceSlide10Slide11
French legacy
French caused different religious groups to hate each other
Made French the official language, Franc the official currency, and students forced to sing the French national anthem
They used this to remain in the area to “keep peace”
The legacy is still hatred among the groupsLebanon became independent in 1943 and Syria in 1946Slide12
English legacy
English controlled area called Palestine and the island nation of Cyprus (gained independence in 1960)
19
th Century movement
Zionism wanted to establish a Jewish homelandBritish allowed many Jewish people to emigrate and buy landDivided land into Trans-Jordan and PalestineTrans-Jordan – Arab/English governmentPalestine – English/Jewish/Arab government
1939 – British stopped immigration of Jews to placate the ArabsSlide13
Creation of Israel
After WWII many Jewish people moved to Palestine and wanted a homeland
UN created Israel and divided Palestine into Jewish and Arab areas
Palestine included the West Bank and Gaza StripArabs around Israel attempted to invade and conquer in 1948 but were defeatedSlide14
UN General Assembly Resolution 181 – November 29, 1947
Called for the partition of the British-ruled Palestine Mandate into a Jewish state and an Arab state. It was approved on November 29, 1947 with 33 votes in favor, 13 against, 10 abstentions and one absent
Against: Afghanistan, Cuba, Egypt, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Yemen.
The resolution was accepted by the Jews in Palestine, yet rejected by the Arabs in Palestine and the Arab states. Slide15
PLO
Palestinian Liberation Army was formed in the 1960’s
Many of the Palestinian Arabs and Christians had been forced out of the area into relocation camps
The West Bank and Gaza Strip were now under Israeli control
Yasser Arafat was the first leader2003 – Mamoud Abbas was named the first Prime Minister and is working to reclaim some of the lost landSlide16
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HAMAS
(Islamic Resistance Movement)
Harakat al Mawqawama al Islamiyya meaning "Islamic Resistance Movement." (zeal)
A radical Sunni Islamic fundamentalist organization - formed in late 1987 as an outgrowth of the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood.Elements have used both political and violent means, including terrorism, to pursue the goal of establishing an Islamic Palestinian state in place of IsraelSlide17
In a January 2006 election, Hamas won a majority of seats in the Palestinian legislature.
Have conducted large-scale suicide bombings—against Israeli civilian and military targets
Unknown number of official members; tens of thousands of supporters and sympathizers.
Funding from Iran, Palestinian expatriates, and private benefactors in moderate Arab states, Western Europe and North America. Slide18
Legacy of division and hate
Eastern Mediterranean nations are all self governing
Many refugees were created when Israel became a country
Countries have trouble taking care of themInfrastructure is weak and civil wars keep most countries from developing Israel is the exception Slide19
The Five (5) Pillars of IslamSlide20